Synthesis of waterborne polyurethane aerogels-like materials via freeze-drying: an innovative approach
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Waterborne polyurethane (WBPUR) aerogels using acetone method and freeze-drying procedure have been successfully synthesized. The morphology, chemical structure, and thermal and mechanical properties of obtained aerogels were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. In addition, the influence of the solids content in the hydrogel (2–15 wt.%), obtained by varying the amount of water added in the suspension, on the density and thermal conductivity was evaluated. Obtained results demonstrated that the properties of aerogels strongly depend on the solids content assayed in the parent solution. As the solids content in the WBPUR aerogels increases, the density and thermal conductivity for materials with 2.5 and 10% solids content follow an upward trend, while their elasticity decreases. Materials with solids content below 2.5% and above 10% have not demonstrated adequate processability due to their high deformity and hardness, respectively. The drying methodology (freeze-drying) can be profitably used to prepare aerogels-like materials in a cost-effective way. Graphical abstract Illustration of the alternative preparation process of WBPUR aerogels and its potential industrial application.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aerogels and thermal insulation · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (55)
Show source-provided references
1. Adhikary SK, Ashish DK, Rudžionis Ž (2021) Aerogel based thermal insulating cementitious composites: a review. Energy Build 245:111058–111082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.11105810.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111058 ↗
2. Li Y, Yang L, He B, Zhao D (2014) Green building in China: needs great promotion. Sustain Cities Soc 11:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2013.10.00210.1016/j.scs.2013.10.002 ↗
3. Członka S, Bertino MF, Kośny J, Shukla N (2020) Density and shrinkage as guiding criteria for the optimization of the thermal conductivity of poly(urethane)-class aerogels. J Solgel Sci Technol 93:149–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-05161-610.1007/s10971-019-05161-6 ↗
4. Członka S, Bertino MF, Kośny J, Shukla N (2018) Freeze-drying method as a new approach to the synthesis of polyurea aerogels from isocyanate and water. J Solgel Sci Technol 87:685–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4769-910.1007/s10971-018-4769-9 ↗
5. Simón-Herrero C, Chen XY, Ortiz ML, Romero A, Valverde JL, Sánchez-Silva L (2019) Linear and crosslinked polyimide aerogels: Synthesis and characterization. J Mater Res Technol 8:2638–2648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.02.01610.1016/j.jmrt.2019.02.016 ↗
6. Zhu Z, Snellings GMBF, Koebel MM, Malfait WJ (2017) Superinsulating polyisocyanate based aerogels: a targeted search for the optimum solvent system. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:18222–18230. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b0334410.1021/acsami.7b03344 ↗
7. Merillas B, Villafañe F, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ (2022) Super-insulating transparent polyisocyanurate-polyurethane aerogels: analysis of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. Nanomaterials 12:2409–2426. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1214240910.3390/nano12142409 ↗
8. Casini M (2014) Smart materials and nanotechnology for energy retrofit of historic buildings. Int J Civ Eng 1:28–37. https://doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-020-0-1810.15224/978-1-63248-020-0-18 ↗
9. Cuce E, Cuce PM, Wood CJ, Riffat SB (2014) Toward aerogel based thermal superinsulation in buildings: A comprehensive review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 34:273–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.01710.1016/j.rser.2014.03.017 ↗
10. Koebel M, Rigacci A, Achard P (2012) Aerogel-based thermal superinsulation: An overview. J Solgel Sci Technol 63:315–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2792-910.1007/s10971-012-2792-9 ↗
11. Ricci A, Bernardi L, Gioia C, Vierucci S, Robitzer M, Quignard F (2010) Chitosan aerogel: a recyclable, heterogeneous organocatalyst for the asymmetric direct aldol reaction in water. Chem Comm 46:6288–6290. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc01502d10.1039/c0cc01502d ↗
12. Liu W, Herrmann AK, Bigall NC et al (2015) Noble metal aerogels-synthesis, characterization, and application as electrocatalysts. Acc Chem Res 48:154–162. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500237c10.1021/ar500237c ↗
13. Leventis N (2022) Polyurea aerogels: Synthesis, material properties, and applications. Polymers 14:969–1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1405096910.3390/polym14050969 ↗
14. Efthalia G, Pashalidis I, Raptopoulos G, Paraskevopoulou P (2022) Efficient removal of polyvalent metal ions (Eu(III) and Th(IV)) from aqueous solutions by polyurea-crosslinked alginate aerogels. Gels 8:478–489. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels808047810.3390/gels8080478 ↗
15. Soleimani Dorcheh A, Abbasi MH (2008) Silica aerogel; synthesis, properties and characterization. J Mater Process Technol 199:10–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.06010.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.060 ↗
16. Gurav JL, Jung IK, Park HH, Kang ES, Nadargi DY (2010) Silica aerogel: Synthesis and applications. J Nanomater 2010:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/40931010.1155/2010/409310 ↗
17. Thomas S, Datta J, Haponiuk JT, Reghunadhan A (2017) Polyurethane polymers: composites and nanocomposites, 1st edn. Elsevier, Chennai
18. Abdul Khalil HPS, Bashir Yahya E, Jummaat F, Adnan AS, Olaiya NG, Rizal S, Abdullah CK, Pasquini D, Thomas S (2023) Biopolymers based aerogels: a review on revolutionary solutions for smart therapeutics delivery. Prog Mater Sci 131:101014–101048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.10101410.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101014 ↗
19. Merillas B, Martín-de León J, Villafane F, Rodríguez-Pérez MA (2021) Transparent polyisocyanurate-polyurethane-based aerogels: key aspects on the synthesis and their porous structures. ACS Appl Polym Mater 3:4607–4615. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c0071210.1021/acsapm.1c00712 ↗
20. Aney S, Schettler J, Schwan M, Milow B, Rege A (2022) Insights into the micromechanics of organic aerogels based on experimental and modeling results. Adv Eng Mater 24:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.20210009510.1002/adem.202100095 ↗
21. Moreno-Castilla C, Maldonado-Hódar FJ (2005) Carbon aerogels for catalysis applications: An overview. Carbon 43:455–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.02210.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.022 ↗
22. Liu Z, Ran Y, Xi J, Wang J (2020) Polymeric hybrid aerogels and their biomedical applications. Soft Matter 16:9160–9175. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01261k10.1039/d0sm01261k ↗
23. Tan C, Fung BM, Newman JK, Vu C (2001) Organic aerogels with very high impact strength. Adv Mater 13:644–646. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:9%3c644::aid-adma644%3e3.0.co;2-%2310.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:9<644::aid-adma644>3.0.co;2-%23 ↗
24. Feng J, Wang X, Tian Y, Luo C, Sun M (2018) Melamine–formaldehyde aerogel coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 1577:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.04710.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.047 ↗
25. Diascorn N, Calas S, Sallée H, Achard P, Rigacci A (2015) Polyurethane aerogels synthesis for thermal insulation—textural, thermal and mechanical properties. J Supercrit Fluids 106:76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2015.05.01210.1016/j.supflu.2015.05.012 ↗
26. Biesmans G, Mertens A, Duffours L, Woignier T, Phalippou J (1998) Polyurethane based organic aerogels and their transformation into carbon aerogels. J Non Cryst Solids 225:64–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00010-610.1016/S0022-3093(98)00010-6 ↗
27. Yoo HJ, Do KH (2008) Synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethane hydrogels for wound healing dressings. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 85:326–333. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.3095010.1002/jbm.b.30950 ↗
28. Teymouri M, Kokabi M, Alamdarnejad G (2020) Conductive shape-memory polyurethane/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite aerogels. J Appl Polym Sci 137:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4860210.1002/app.48602 ↗
29. Levy D, Zayat M (2015) The Sol−Gel Handbook, 1st edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
30. He R, Xie C, Chen Y Guo Z-X, Guo B, Tuo X (2022) Robust and highly resilient waterborne polyurethane-based composite aerogels prepared by blending with aramid nanofibers. Compos Sci Technol 228:109622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109622.10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109622 ↗
31. Aegerter MA, Leventis N, Koebel MM (2011) Aerogels Handbook, 1st edn. Springer, New York10.1007/978-1-4419-7589-8 ↗
32. Meng L, Shi X, Zhang R, Yan L, Liang Z, Nie Y, Zhou Z, Hao T (2020) Preparation and properties study of waterborne polyurethane synthesized by mixing polyester diols and isocyanates. J Appl Polym Sci 137:49314. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4931410.1002/app.49314 ↗
33. Honarkar H (2018) Waterborne polyurethanes: a review. J Dispers Sci Technol 39:507–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2017.132781810.1080/01932691.2017.1327818 ↗
34. Cakić SM, Ristić IS, Ristić OZ (2012) Thermal Analysis of Polyurethane Dispersions Based on Different Polyols. In: Zafar F, Sharmin E (eds) Polyurethane. InTechOpen, New Delhi, pp 79–100
35. Vareda JP, Lamy-Mendes A, Durães L (2018) A reconsideration on the definition of the term aerogel based on current drying trends. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 258:211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.09.01610.1016/j.micromeso.2017.09.016 ↗
36. Chidambareswarapattar C, McCarver PM, Luo H, Lu H, Sotiriou-Leventis C, Leventis N (2013) Fractal multiscale nanoporous polyurethanes: flexible to extremely rigid aerogels from multifunctional small molecules. Chem Mater 25:3205–3224. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm401623h10.1021/cm401623h ↗
37. Cheikh W, Rózsa ZB, Camacho CO, Mizsey P, Viskolcz B, Szőri M, Fejes Z (2019) Urethane formation with an excess of isocyanate or alcohol: experimental and Ab initio study. Polymers 11:1543–1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1110154310.3390/polym11101543 ↗
38. Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (AENOR) UNE-EN 1242:2013: Adhesives. Determination of isocyanate content
39. Mohazzabi P (2017) Archimedes’ principle revisited. J Appl Math Phys 5:836–843. https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2017.5407310.4236/jamp.2017.54073 ↗
40. Bang A, Buback C, Sotiriou-Leventis C, Leventis N (2014) Flexible aerogels from hyperbranched polyurethanes: probing the role of molecular rigidity with poly (urethane acrylates) versus poly (urethane norbornenes). Chem Mater 26:6979–6993. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm503144310.1021/cm5031443 ↗
41. Donthula S, Mandal C, Leventis T, Schisler J, Saeed AM, Sotiriou-Leventis C, Leventis N (2017) Shape memory superelastic poly (isocyanurate-urethane) aerogels (PIR-PUR) for deployable panels and biomimetic applications. Chem Mater 29:4461–4477. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b0102010.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01020 ↗
42. Qiang T, Wang S, Wang Z, Ren L (2022) Recyclable 3D Konjac glucomannan/graphene oxide aerogel loaded with ZIF-67 for comprehensive adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange. J Ind Eng Chem 116:371–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.02710.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.027 ↗
43. Wang J, Yi D, Peng X, Yang H, Wang T, Gao J, Xie B, Su G (2022) The hydrophobically modified cellulose-based aerogel loaded with BTA enhances the anticorrosion and active self-healing properties of epoxy coating. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 653:129835–129846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.12983510.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129835 ↗
44. Kim HA, Kim BK (2019) Synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethane/hydroxyapatite chemical hybrids. Prog Org Coat 128:69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.12.00910.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.12.009 ↗
45. Kwok DY, Neumann AW (1999) Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 81:167–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(98)00087-610.1016/S0001-8686(98)00087-6 ↗
46. Xu L, Liu Y, Xin B, Zhou Y (2022) Preparation and properties of functional fabric coating based on SiO2-aerogel/polyurethane. Fibers Polym 23:1870–1880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-022-4675-110.1007/s12221-022-4675-1 ↗
47. Cao Z, Zhou Q, Jie S, Li BG (2016) High cis-1,4 hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethanes with extremely low glass transition temperature and excellent mechanical properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 55:1582–1589. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b0492110.1021/acs.iecr.5b04921 ↗
48. Somdee P, Lassú-Kuknyó T, Kónya C, Szabó T, Marossy K (2019) Thermal analysis of polyurethane elastomers matrix with different chain extender contents for thermal conductive application. J Therm Anal Calorim 138:1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08183-y10.1007/s10973-019-08183-y ↗
49. Zhang XM, Liu JG, Yang SY (2016) Synthesis and characterization of flexible and high-temperature resistant polyimide aerogel with ultra-low dielectric constant. Exp Polym Lett 10:789–798. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.7410.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.74 ↗
50. Cobos M, Pagalday E, Puyadena M, Cabido X, Martín L, Múgica A, Irusta L, González A (2023) Waterborne hybrid polyurethane coatings containing casein as sustainable green flame retardant through different synthesis approaches. Prog Org Coat 174:107278–107296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.10727810.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107278 ↗
51. Trovati G, Sanches EA, Neto SC, Mascarenhas YP, Chierice GO (2010) Characterization of polyurethane resins by FTIR, TGA, and XRD. J Appl Polym Sci 115:263–26810.1002/app.31096 ↗
52. Claro CJM, Neto S, Chierice GO, Santos AM (2006) Study of the biodegradation of a polymer derived from castor oil by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Polímeros 16:129–13510.1590/S0104-14282006000200013 ↗
53. Simón-Herrero C, Romero A, Valverde JL, Sánchez-Silva L (2018) Hydroxyethyl cellulose/alumina-based aerogels as lightweight insulating materials with high mechanical strength. J Mater Sci 53:1556–1567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1584-610.1007/s10853-017-1584-6 ↗
54. Ma H, Zheng X, Luo X, Yi Y, Yang F (2018) Simulation and analysis of mechanical properties of silica aerogels: From rationalization to prediction. Materials 11:214–225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1102021410.3390/ma11020214 ↗
55. Woignier T, Primera J, Alaoui A, Despetis F, Calas-Etienne S, Faivre A, Duffours L, Levelut C, Etienne P (2020) Techniques for characterizing the mechanical properties of aerogels. J Solgel Sci Technol 93:6–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-05173-210.1007/s10971-019-05173-2 ↗