journal article·2022-04Open access

Fe2V4O13 photoanode material: an interesting approach to non-enzymatic glucose oxidation

Marcelo Rodrigues da Silva Pelissari, Luan Pereira Camargo, Paulo Rogério Catarini da Silva, Luiz Henrique Dall’Antonia

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 57· Issue 14

Abstract

The use of non-enzymatic material for the electrooxidation reaction of glucose is still a challenge to be overcome since these materials must have high sensitivity to glucose, high chemical stability and, if possible, be obtained quickly and with a low-cost process. In this context, iron vanadate (Fe2V4O13) was successfully synthesized using the easy and low-cost Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction process and used as an interesting non-enzymatic photoanode material approach for the photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction of glucose. From the X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements, it was possible to observe that the monoclinic crystalline phase Fe2V4O13 was formed at 500 °C, without any secondary phases. The electrochemical characterization, performed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, under light condition, showed the remarkable photoelectrochemical activity of the FTO/Fe2V4O13 electrode, such as a high photocurrent density at + 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl (0.2 mA cm−2); good reproducibility under transient light condition; low charge transfer resistance; and flat band potential consistent with the LSV and typical value of this material (+ 0.45 V). The performance of the electrode as non-enzymatic glucose interaction, carried out by chronoamperometry technique, showed a remarkable performance in the photoelectrooxidation reaction of glucose, with linear behavior (R2 = 0.9975) of the analytical curve (glucose concentration from 0 to 10 mmol L−1), excellent reproducibility, a slight loss in photoelectrochemical signal after five successive reading cycles, good sensitivity (0.370 μA mM−1 cm−2) and limit of detection (52 µmol L–1). Besides, the analysis of interference species showed good electrode selectivity. Graphical abstract: Fe2V2O13 photoelectrode obtained by the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) process, and its use for glucose photoelectrocatalytic oxidation reaction [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors · Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (76)

Show source-provided references
1. Walter MG, Warren EL, McKone JR et al (2010) Solar water splitting cells. Chem Rev 110:6446–6473. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100232610.1021/cr1002326 ↗
2. Liu J, Li J, Li Y et al (2020) Photoelectrochemical water splitting coupled with degradation of organic pollutants enhanced by surface and interface engineering of BiVO4 photoanode. Appl Catal B Environ 278:119268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.11926810.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119268 ↗
3. Tang D, Rettie AJE, Mabayoje O et al (2016) Facile growth of porous Fe2V4O13 films for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. J Mater Chem A 4:3034–3042. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07877F10.1039/C5TA07877F ↗
4. Lewerenz HJ (1997) Surface scientific aspects in semiconductor electrochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 26:239. https://doi.org/10.1039/cs997260023910.1039/cs9972600239 ↗
5. Bariana M, Dwivedi P, Ranjitkar S et al (2017) Biological response of human suture mesenchymal cells to titania nanotube-based implants for advanced craniosynostosis therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 150:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.01910.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.019 ↗
6. Divyapriya G, Singh S, Martínez-Huitle CA et al (2021) Treatment of real wastewater by photoelectrochemical methods: an overview. Chemosphere 276:130188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.13018810.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130188 ↗
7. Wang Y, He D, Chen H, Wang D (2019) Catalysts in electro-, photo- and photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev 40:117–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.02.00210.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.02.002 ↗
8. GuangLi W, JingJuan X, HongYuan C (2009) Progress in the studies of photoelectrochemical sensors. Sci China Ser B Chem 52:1789–180010.1007/s11426-009-0271-0 ↗
9. Xu H, Shang H, Liu Q et al (2021) Dual mode electrochemical-photoelectrochemical sensing platform for hydrogen sulfide detection based on the inhibition effect of titanium dioxide/bismuth tungstate/silver heterojunction. J Colloid Interface Sci 581:323–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.12010.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.120 ↗
10. Neto NFA, de Jesus Pereira AL, Leite DMG et al (2021) Evaluation of ITO/TiO2/Co3O4 as a non-enzymatic heterojunction electrode to glucose electrooxidation. Ionics (Kiel) 27:1597–1609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-021-03933-110.1007/s11581-021-03933-1 ↗
11. Wang S, Li S, Wang W et al (2019) A non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical glucose sensor based on BiVO4 electrode under visible light. Sens Actuators B Chem 291:34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.05710.1016/j.snb.2019.04.057 ↗
12. Liu H, Xu G, Wang J et al (2014) Photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays modified with BiOCl nanosheets. Electrochim Acta 130:213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.00510.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.005 ↗
13. Tryk D, Fujishima A, Honda K (2000) Recent topics in photoelectrochemistry: achievements and future prospects. Electrochim Acta 45:2363–2376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00337-610.1016/S0013-4686(00)00337-6 ↗
14. Gouda A, Liu T, Byers JC et al (2021) Best practices in photoelectrochemistry. J Power Sources 482:228958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.22895810.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228958 ↗
15. Grätzel M (2001) Photoelectrochemical cells. Nature 414:338–344. https://doi.org/10.1038/3510460710.1038/35104607 ↗
16. Si P, Huang Y, Wang T, Ma J (2013) Nanomaterials for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. RSC Adv 3:3487. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra22360k10.1039/c2ra22360k ↗
17. Tsai T-W, Heckert G, Neves LF et al (2009) Adsorption of glucose oxidase onto single-walled carbon nanotubes and its application in layer-by-layer biosensors. Anal Chem 81:7917–7925. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac900650r10.1021/ac900650r ↗
18. Cao L, Wang P, Chen L et al (2019) A photoelectrochemical glucose sensor based on gold nanoparticles as a mimic enzyme of glucose oxidase. RSC Adv 9:15307–15313. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA02088H10.1039/C9RA02088H ↗
19. Yoo E-H, Lee S-Y (2010) Glucose biosensors: an overview of use in clinical practice. Sensors 10:4558–4576. https://doi.org/10.3390/s10050455810.3390/s100504558 ↗
20. Shu J, Tang D (2020) Recent advances in photoelectrochemical sensing: from engineered photoactive materials to sensing devices and detection modes. Anal Chem 92:363–377. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b0419910.1021/acs.analchem.9b04199 ↗
21. Tang J, Wang Y, Li J et al (2014) Sensitive enzymatic glucose detection by TiO2 nanowire photoelectrochemical biosensors. J Mater Chem A 2:6153–6157. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA14173J10.1039/C3TA14173J ↗
22. Chen D, Jiang D, Du X et al (2016) Engineering efficient charge transfer based on ultrathin graphite-like carbon nitride/WO3 semiconductor nanoheterostructures for fabrication of high-performances non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical glucose sensor. Electrochim Acta 215:305–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.11310.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.113 ↗
23. Zhang X, Xu F, Zhao B et al (2014) Synthesis of CdS quantum dots decorated graphene nanosheets and non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical detection of glucose. Electrochim Acta 133:615–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.08910.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.089 ↗
24. Fu Lin C, Haur Kao C, Yu Lin C et al (2020) The electrical and physical characteristics of Mg-doped ZnO sensing membrane in EIS (electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor) for glucose sensing applications. Results Phys 16:102976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2020.10297610.1016/j.rinp.2020.102976 ↗
25. Patil AS, Patil RT, Lohar GM, Fulari VJ (2021) Facile synthesis of CuO nanostructures for non-enzymatic glucose sensor by modified SILAR method. Appl Phys A 127:101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04258-y10.1007/s00339-020-04258-y ↗
26. He L, Yang Z, Gong C et al (2021) The dual-function of photoelectrochemical glucose oxidation for sensor application and solar-to-electricity production. J Electroanal Chem 882:114912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.11491210.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114912 ↗
27. Cao X, Wang N (2011) A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor modified with Fe2O3 nanowire arrays. Analyst 136:4241. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1an15367f10.1039/c1an15367f ↗
28. Liu F, Wang P, Zhang Q et al (2019) α-Fe2O3 film with highly photoactivity for non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical detection of glucose. Electroanalysis 31:1809–1814. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.20190013310.1002/elan.201900133 ↗
29. Liu S, Yu B, Zhang T (2013) A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on NiO hollow spheres. Electrochim Acta 102:104–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.19110.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.191 ↗
30. Khun K, Ibupoto ZH, Liu X et al (2015) The ethylene glycol template assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Co3O4 nanowires; structural characterization and their application as glucose non-enzymatic sensor. Mater Sci Eng B 194:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2015.01.00110.1016/j.mseb.2015.01.001 ↗
31. Sen PK, Midya JK, Bysakh S, Pal B (2017) Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the oxidation of d -glucose by MnO2 nanoparticles. Effect of microheterogeneous environments of CTAB, Triton X-100 and Tween 20. Mol Catal 440:75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2017.07.00910.1016/j.mcat.2017.07.009 ↗
32. Dharuman V, Chandrasekara Pillai K (2006) RuO2 electrode surface effects in electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. J Solid State Electrochem 10:967–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-005-0033-710.1007/s10008-005-0033-7 ↗
33. Jang K, Park KR, Kim KM et al (2020) Synthesis of NiCo2O4 nanostructures and their electrochemial properties for glucose detection. Nanomaterials 11:55. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1101005510.3390/nano11010055 ↗
34. Gowthami K, Krishnakumar B, Thirunarayanan G et al (2020) Novel Fe2V4O13/ZnO nano-heterojunction: effective decomposition of methyl orange under solar light irradiation. Mater Today Proc 29:1199–1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.43110.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.431 ↗
35. Gowthami K, Suppuraj P, Thirunarayanan G et al (2018) Fe2V4O13 assisted hetero-Fenton mineralization of methyl orange under UV-A light irradiation. Iran Chem Commun 6:97–108
36. Muthuvel I, Gowthami K, Thirunarayanan G et al (2019) Graphene oxide–Fe2V4O13 hybrid material as highly efficient hetero-Fenton catalyst for degradation of methyl orange. Int J Ind Chem 10:77–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40090-019-0173-810.1007/s40090-019-0173-8 ↗
37. Zhang YY, Deng JH, He C et al (2010) Application of Fe2V4O13 as a new multi-metal heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. Environ Technol 31:145–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/0959333090339775510.1080/09593330903397755 ↗
38. Li P, Zhou Y, Li H et al (2015) All-solid-state Z-scheme system arrays of Fe2V4O13/RGO/CdS for visible light-driving photocatalytic CO2 reduction into renewable hydrocarbon fuel. Chem Commun 51:800–803. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC08744E10.1039/C4CC08744E ↗
39. Li P, Zhou Y, Tu W et al (2013) Direct growth of Fe2V4O13 nanoribbons on a stainless-steel mesh for visible-light photoreduction of CO2 into renewable hydrocarbon fuel and degradation of gaseous isopropyl alcohol. ChemPlusChem 78:274–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.20120028910.1002/cplu.201200289 ↗
40. Marikkani S, Kumar JV, Muthuraj V (2019) Design of novel solar-light driven sponge-like Fe2V4O13 photocatalyst: a unique platform for the photoreduction of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium. Sol Energy 188:849–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.07510.1016/j.solener.2019.06.075 ↗
41. Adarakatti PS, Mahanthappa M, Eranjaneya H, Siddaramanna A (2018) Fe2V4O13 nanoparticles based electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine at nanomolar concentration. Electroanalysis 30:1971–1982. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.20180012410.1002/elan.201800124 ↗
42. Yogeeshwari RT, Shreenivasa L, Hari Krishna R et al (2020) Synthesis of acid resistant Fe2V4O13-polypyrrole nanocomposite: its application towards the fabrication of disposable electrochemical sensor for the detection of As(III). Mater Res Express 6:126448. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab689610.1088/2053-1591/ab6896 ↗
43. Si Y, Zhao L, Yu Z et al (2012) A novel amorphous Fe2V4O13 as cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. Mater Lett 72:145–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.12.10410.1016/j.matlet.2011.12.104 ↗
44. Lakkepally S, Kalegowda Y, Ganganagappa N, Siddaramanna A (2018) A new and effective approach for Fe2V4O13 nanoparticles synthesis: evaluation of electrochemical performance as cathode for lithium secondary batteries. J Alloys Compd 737:665–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.09610.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.096 ↗
45. Li S-R, Yesibolati N, Qiao Y et al (2012) Electrostatic spray deposition of porous Fe2V4O13 films as electrodes for Li-ion batteries. J Alloys Compd 520:77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.12.09210.1016/j.jallcom.2011.12.092 ↗
46. Patoux S, Richardson TJ (2007) Lithium insertion chemistry of some iron vanadates. Electrochem commun 9:485–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.00610.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.006 ↗
47. Šurca A, Orel B, Krašovec UO et al (2000) Electrochromic and structural studies of nanocrystalline Fe/V (1:2) oxide and crystalline Fe2V4O13 films. J Electrochem Soc 147:2358. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.139353710.1149/1.1393537 ↗
48. Crespo CT (2019) Electronic, magnetic, optical and solar energy absorption properties of the Fe2V4O13 vanadate. Sol Energy 183:345–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.03.04110.1016/j.solener.2019.03.041 ↗
49. Pelissari MRDS, Azevedo Neto NF, Camargo LP, Dall’Antonia LH (2021) Characterization and photo-induced electrocatalytic evaluation for BiVO4 films obtained by the SILAR process. Electrocatalysis 12:211–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-021-00641-210.1007/s12678-021-00641-2 ↗
50. Rueden CT, Schindelin J, Hiner MC et al (2017) Image J2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data. BMC Bioinform 18:529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z ↗
51. Zhang H, Cheng C (2017) Three-dimensional FTO/TiO2/BiVO4 composite inverse opals photoanode with excellent photoelectrochemical performance. ACS Energy Lett 2:813–821. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b0006010.1021/acsenergylett.7b00060 ↗
52. Huang L, Shi L, Zhao X et al (2014) Hydrothermal growth and characterization of length tunable porous iron vanadate one-dimensional nanostructures. CrystEngComm 16:5128–5133. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CE42608D10.1039/C3CE42608D ↗
53. Wang X, Heier KR, Stern CL, Poeppelmeier KR (1998) Structural comparison of iron tetrapolyvanadate Fe2V4O13 and iron polyvanadomolybdate Fe2V3.16Mo0.84O13.42: a new substitution mechanism of molybdenum(VI) for vanadium(V). Inorg Chem 37:6921–6927. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic980942t10.1021/ic980942t ↗
54. Vuk AŠ, Orel B, Dražič G, Colomban P (2002) Vibrational spectroscopy and analytical electron microscopy studies of Fe-V-O and In-V-O thin films. In: Hofmann H, Rahman Z, Schubert U (eds) Nanostructured materials. Springer, Vienna, pp 153–17210.1007/978-3-7091-6740-3_14 ↗
55. Seetharaman S, Bhat HL, Narayanan PS (1983) Raman spectroscopic studies on sodium metavanadate. J Raman Spectrosc 14:401–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.125014060810.1002/jrs.1250140608 ↗
56. Wood DL, Tauc J (1972) Weak absorption tails in amorphous semiconductors. Phys Rev B 5:3144–3151. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.5.314410.1103/PhysRevB.5.3144 ↗
57. Fu Y, Li J, Li J (2019) Metal/semiconductor nanocomposites for photocatalysis: fundamentals, structures, applications and properties. Nanomaterials 9:359. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano903035910.3390/nano9030359 ↗
58. Rajeshwar K, de Tacconi NR (2009) Solution combustion synthesis of oxide semiconductors for solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. Chem Soc Rev 38:1984. https://doi.org/10.1039/b811238j10.1039/b811238j ↗
59. Baccaro A, Gutz I (2017) Fotoeletrocatálise em semicondutores: dos princípios básicos até sua conformação à nanoescala. Quim Nova 41:326–339. https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.2017017410.21577/0100-4042.20170174 ↗
60. Zheng M, Cui Y, Li X et al (2011) Photoelectrochemical sensing of glucose based on quantum dot and enzyme nanocomposites. J Electroanal Chem 656:167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.11.03610.1016/j.jelechem.2010.11.036 ↗
61. Zhang Y, Zhao G, Shi H et al (2015) Photoelectrocatalytic glucose oxidation to promote hydrogen production over periodically ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays assembled of Pd quantum dots. Electrochim Acta 174:93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.09410.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.094 ↗
62. Atchudan R, Muthuchamy N, Edison TNJI et al (2019) An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor for glucose based on bio-derived nitrogen-doped carbon sheets wrapped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 126:160–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.04910.1016/j.bios.2018.10.049 ↗
63. Liu X, Huo X, Liu P et al (2017) Assembly of MoS2 nanosheet-TiO2 nanorod heterostructure as sensor scaffold for photoelectrochemical biosensing. Electrochim Acta 242:327–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.03710.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.037 ↗
64. Gopalan A, Muthuchamy N, Lee K (2017) A novel bismuth oxychloride-graphene hybrid nanosheets based non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical glucose sensing platform for high performances. Biosens Bioelectron 89:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.01710.1016/j.bios.2016.07.017 ↗
65. Zhang J, Tu L, Zhao S et al (2015) Fluorescent gold nanoclusters based photoelectrochemical sensors for detection of H2O2 and glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 67:296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.03710.1016/j.bios.2014.08.037 ↗
66. Zhai YJ, Li JH, Chu XY et al (2016) MoS2 microflowers based electrochemical sensing platform for non-enzymatic glucose detection. J Alloys Compd 672:600–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.13010.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.130 ↗
67. Zhai Y, Li J, Chu X, et al (2016) Preparation of Au-MoS2 electrochemical electrode and investigation on glucose detection characteristics. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on manipulation, manufacturing and measurement on the nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, pp 287–29010.1109/3M-NANO.2016.7824931 ↗
68. Zarei E, Ojani R (2017) Fundamentals and some applications of photoelectrocatalysis and effective factors on its efficiency: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 21:305–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-016-3385-210.1007/s10008-016-3385-2 ↗
69. Fabrao RM, de Brito JF, da Silva JL et al (2016) Appraisal of photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose and production of high value chemicals on nanotube Ti/TiO2 electrode. Electrochim Acta 222:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.16410.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.164 ↗
70. Li H, Guo C, Liu C et al (2020) Laser-induced graphene hybrid photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical detection of glucose. Analyst 145:4041–4049. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN00252F10.1039/D0AN00252F ↗
71. Burtis CA, Bruns DE (2015) Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics, 7th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
72. Kawasaki T, Akanuma H, Yamanouchi T (2002) Increased fructose concentrations in blood and urine in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 25:353–357. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.2.35310.2337/diacare.25.2.353 ↗
73. Gottås A, Ripel Å, Boix F et al (2015) Determination of dopamine concentrations in brain extracellular fluid using microdialysis with short sampling intervals, analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 74:75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2015.06.00210.1016/j.vascn.2015.06.002 ↗
74. Martinello F, da Silva EL (2003) Interferência do ácido ascórbico nas determinações de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos: estudos in vivo e in vitro. J Bras Patol e Med Lab 39:323–334. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-2444200300040001010.1590/S1676-24442003000400010 ↗
75. Ci S, Mao S, Huang T et al (2014) Enzymeless glucose detection based on CoO/Graphene microsphere hybrids. Electroanalysis 26:1326–1334. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.20130064510.1002/elan.201300645 ↗
76. Chen L, Chen Y, Miao L et al (2020) Photocurrent switching effect on BiVO4 electrodes and its application in development of photoelectrochemical glucose sensor. J Solid State Electrochem 24:411–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04469-110.1007/s10008-019-04469-1 ↗