Microstructure evolution during linear friction welding of dissimilar titanium alloys TC4 and TC17
Source abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the microstructure evolution during dissimilar linear friction welding (LFW) of bimodal TC4 and basket-weave TC17. Experimental results show that the superior high-temperature rheological property of TC4 (compared to TC17) leads to more severe plastic deformation and plastic flow of materials on the TC4 side of the TC4/TC17 titanium alloys LFW joint than on the TC17 side during the welding process. At the friction interface, TC4 undergoes severe plastic flow, whereas TC17 undergoes partial plastic flow. TC4 undergoes plastic instability and severe plastic deformation in sequence as it exits the base material to the plastic flow zone, whereas TC17 only undergoes plastic instability. After cooling, the original microstructures transformed into secondary and metastable phases in the plastic flow zone, whereas considerable metastable phases formed in the TC17 plastic instability zone. After annealing, metastable phases of TC4 decompose to form the lamellar α phases. The metastable phases of TC17 decompose to form the fine basket-weave α phases. In addition, the Zener-Hollomon parameter is used to characterize the thermal-rheological characteristics of materials in different zones of the joint. The results show that the formation process of the fine microstructures at the center of the weld is not a conventional dynamic recrystallization process. It is a fragmentation-refinement process in the original microstructures, dominated by frictional motion and pressure during the welding process.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis · Metallurgy and Material Forming · Metal Forming Simulation Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Wang KX, Zeng WD, Zhao YQ, Lai YJ, Zhou YG (2010) Hot working of Ti-17 titanium alloy with lamellar starting structure using 3-D processing maps. J Mater Sci 45:5883–5891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4667-110.1007/s10853-010-4667-1 ↗
2. Zhao PK, Wei C, Li Y, Tao J, Zhang CC, Xiao XD, Zhang M (2021) Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure, microhardness and impact toughness of TC11 and TC17 linear friction welded joint. Mat Sci Eng A Struct 803:140496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.14049610.1016/j.msea.2020.140496 ↗
3. Li WY, Ma TJ, Li JL (2010) Numerical simulation of linear friction welding of titanium alloy: effects of processing parameters. Mater Design 31:1497–1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.08.02310.1016/j.matdes.2009.08.023 ↗
4. Mcandrew AR, Colegrove PA, Addison AC, Flipo BCD, Russell MJ (2014) Energy and force analysis of ti-6al-4v linear friction welds for computational modeling input and validation data. Mater Trans A 45:6118–6128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2575-810.1007/s11661-014-2575-8 ↗
5. Vairis A, Papazafeiropoulos G, Tsainis AM (2016) A comparison between friction stir welding, linear friction welding and rotary friction welding. Adv Manuf 4:296–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-016-0163-410.1007/s40436-016-0163-4 ↗
6. Dorick BD, Salima B, Marion R (2019) Contributions of an innovative post-weld heat treatment to the micro-tensile behavior of two mono-material linear friction welded joints using: the β-metastable Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr (Ti17) and the near-α Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo (Ti6242) Ti-alloys. Mat Sci Eng A Struct 766:138334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.13833410.1016/j.msea.2019.138334 ↗
7. Tao BH, Li Q, Zhang YH, Zhang TC, Liu Y (2015) Effects of post-weld heat treatment on fracture toughness of linear friction welded joint for dissimilar titanium alloys. Mat Sci Eng A Struct 634:141–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.00310.1016/j.msea.2015.03.003 ↗
8. Guo YN, Chiu YL, Attallah MM, Li HY, Bray S, Bowen P (2012) Characterization of dissimilar linear friction welds of α-β titanium alloys. J Mater Eng Perform 21:770–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0129-z10.1007/s11665-012-0129-z ↗
9. Ji YP, Wu SJ (2014) Study on microstructure and mechanical behavior of dissimilar Ti17 friction welds. Mat Sci Eng A Struct 596:32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.00510.1016/j.msea.2013.10.005 ↗
10. Ma TJ, Chen T, Li WY, Wang SW, Yang SQ (2011) Formation mechanism of linear friction welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy joint based on microstructure observation. Mater Charact 62(1):130–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2010.11.00910.1016/j.matchar.2010.11.009 ↗
11. Dorick BD, Salima B, Marion R (2020) Deep understanding of the influence of the process parameters during linear friction welding on the joint quality and the microstructural changes of two mono-material titanium alloy joints: the β-Metastable Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti17) and the Near-α Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti6242). Metall Mater Trans A 51(1):263–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05503-710.1007/s11661-019-05503-7 ↗
12. Xavier B, Dorick BD, Julie M, Salima B, Jérôme F, Andrey O, Dominique S (2019) Interfacial characteristics and cohesion mechanisms of linear friction welded dissimilar titanium alloys: Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr (Ti17) and Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo (Ti6242). Mater Charact 158:109942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.10994210.1016/j.matchar.2019.109942 ↗
13. Choi JW, Aoki Y, Ushioda K, Fujii H (2021) Linear friction welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated below β-phase transformation temperature. Scripta Mater 191:12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.09.01310.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.09.013 ↗
14. Wang XY, Li WY, Ma TJ, Yang XW, Vairis A (2019) Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a linear friction welded two-phase Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si titanium alloy joint. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 743:12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.05910.1016/j.msea.2018.11.059 ↗
15. Dorick BD, Salima B, Marion R, Wolfgang P (2019) Through analysis of the microstructure changes during linear friction welding of the near-α titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti6242) towards microstructure optimization. Mater Charact 151:38–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.02.02710.1016/j.matchar.2019.02.027 ↗
16. Lang B, Zhang TC, Li XH, Guo L (2010) Microstructural evolution of a TC11 titanium alloy during linear friction welding. J Mater Sci 45:6218–6224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4716-910.1007/s10853-010-4716-9 ↗
17. Froes FH (2015) Titanium: physical metallurgy, processing, and applications. ASM International, Ohio10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.9781627083188 ↗
18. Sun LX, Li MQ, Li H (2019) Dynamic recrystallization-related interface phase boundary migration of TC17/TC4 bond with initial equiaxed microstructure. JOM-US 71:2253–2261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03429-410.1007/s11837-019-03429-4 ↗
19. Ayed Y, Germain G, Ammar A, Furet B (2017) Thermo-mechanical characterization of the Ti17 titanium alloy under extreme loading conditions. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90:1593–1603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9476-510.1007/s00170-016-9476-5 ↗
20. Li L, Li MQ (2017) Thermal stability and microstructure evolution in nanocrystalline Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr e A HRTEM study. J ALLOY COMPD 715:112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.30310.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.303 ↗
21. Azarniya A, Colera XG, Mirzaali MJ, Sovizi A, Bartolomeu F, Weglowski MS, Wits WW, Yap CY et al (2019) Additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V parts through laser metal deposition (LMD): Process, microstructure, and mechanical properties. J Alloy Compd 804:163–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.25510.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.255 ↗
22. Li L, Luo J, Yan JJ, Li MQ (2015) Dynamic globularization and restoration mechanism of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr alloy during isothermal compression. J Alloy Compd 622:174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.10.04310.1016/j.jallcom.2014.10.043 ↗
23. Hu YJ, Huo YM, He T (2020) Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of TC4 alloy during high temperature plastic deformation. Procedia Manuf 50:642–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.11510.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.115 ↗
24. Sun JZ, Li MQ, Li H (2017) Deformation behavior of TC17 titanium alloy with basketweave microstructure during isothermal compression. J Alloy Compd 730:533–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.00110.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.001 ↗
25. Dalgaard E, Wanjara P, Gholipour J, Cao P, Jonas JJ (2012) Linear friction welding of a near-β titanium alloy. Acta Mater 60(2):770–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.03710.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.037 ↗
26. Zhao PK, Li F, Zhong DC (2014) Numerical simulation of transient temperature and axial deformation during linear friction welding between TC11 and TC17 titanium alloys. Comp Mater Sci 92:325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.05.06210.1016/j.commatsci.2014.05.062 ↗
27. Li W, Wang F, Shi S et al (2013) Numerical Simulation of linear friction welding based on ABAQUS environment: challenges and perspectives. J Mater Eng Perform 23:384–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0776-810.1007/s11665-013-0776-8 ↗
28. Song CB, Lin TS, He P, Jiao Z, Tao J, Ji YJ (2014) Molecular dynamics simulation of linear friction welding between dissimilar Ti-based alloys. Comp Mater Sci 83:35–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.11.01310.1016/j.commatsci.2013.11.013 ↗
29. Homma T, Takano OO (2019) Nanostructural analysis of welded Ti-6Al-4V by linear friction welding applied for blisk assemblies. Materialia 5:100174–100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2018.11.02310.1016/j.mtla.2018.11.023 ↗
30. Yumak N, Aslantas K (2020) A review on heat treatment efficiency in metastable β titanium alloys: the role of treatment process and parameters. J Mater Res Technol 9:15360–15380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.08810.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.088 ↗
31. Li Y, Liu ZY, Lin LH, Peng JT, Ning A (2011) Deformation behavior of an Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Zr alloy during hot compression. J Mater Sci 46:3708–3715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5143-710.1007/s10853-010-5143-7 ↗
32. Liu SH, Pan QL, Li H, Huang ZQ, Li K, He X, Li XY (2019) Characterization of hot deformation behavior and constitutive modeling of Al–Mg–Si–Mn–Cr alloy. J Mater Sci 54:4366–4383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3116-410.1007/s10853-018-3116-4 ↗
33. Sellars CM, Whiteman JA (1979) Recrystallization and grain growth in hot rolling. Metal Sci 13:187–194. https://doi.org/10.1179/msc.1979.13.3-4.18710.1179/msc.1979.13.3-4.187 ↗