Water lily seed-inspired silicon/carbon composite anode synthesis for high-performance Li-ion battery
Source abstract
Abstract
Alternative materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are studied due to the increasing demand for high-performance energy storage systems for electric cars. Silicon is a powerful candidate as an anode material for LIBs, and silicon–carbon composites with void space were reported to improve battery cyclability thanks to their original structure. Nonetheless, the production of silicon–carbon composite with void space needs chemical etching which contains harmful and dangerous chemicals. In this study, silicon–carbon composite with void space (Si/void/C), inspired by water lily seed is prepared with the polymer coating method instead of chemical etching. The multiple silicon particles are polymer-coated rather than individual silicon particles to achieve a more compact structure. Polymethyl methacrylate is sacrificed to form a void space, and conductive carbon acetylene black (AB) is introduced in this void space. The carbon layer is achieved from the carbonization of iodine and heat-treated polyvinyl alcohol that is also investigated step-by-step with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The prepared silicon–carbon composite anode (Si/void/AB/C) presents a high reversible capacity after 400 cycles and high coulombic efficiency. This study paves the way for the industrialization of high-performance silicon-based anode for LIBs.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (65)
Show source-provided references
1. Global EV Outlook 2020 (2020) https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af46e012-18c2-44d6-becd-bad21fa844fd/Global_EV_Outlook_2020.pdf, 2020. Accessed 01 July 2021
2. Zuo X, Zhu J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Cheng Y (2017) Silicon based lithium-ion battery anodes: a chronicle perspective review. Nano Energy 31:113–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.11.01310.1016/j.nanoen.2016.11.013 ↗
3. Zhang W (2011) A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 196:13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.02010.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 ↗
4. Abraham K (2015) Prospects and limits of energy storage in batteries. J Phys Chem 6:830–844. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz502627310.1021/jz5026273 ↗
5. Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu H, Liu H, Li B, Guan S (2018) A novel high-capacity anode material derived from aromatic imides for lithium-ion batteries. Small 14:1704094. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20170409410.1002/smll.201704094 ↗
6. Feng K, Li M, Liu W, Kashkooli A, Xiao X, Cai M, Chen Z (2018) Silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries: from fundamentals to practical applications. Small 14:1702737. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20170273710.1002/smll.201702737 ↗
7. Wu H, Cui Y (2012) Designing nanostructured Si anodes for high energy lithium ion batteries. Nano Today 7:414–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2012.08.00410.1016/j.nantod.2012.08.004 ↗
8. Boukamp B, Lesh G, Huggins R (1981) All-solid lithium electrodes with mixed-conductor matrix. J Electrochem Soc 128:725–729. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.212749510.1149/1.2127495 ↗
9. Liang B, Liu Y, Xu Y (2014) Silicon-based materials as high capacity anodes for next generation lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 267:469–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.09610.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.096 ↗
10. Beaulieu L, Eberman K, Turner R, Krause L, Dahn J (2001) Colossal reversible volume changes in lithium alloys. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 4:A137. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.138817810.1149/1.1388178 ↗
11. Ryu J, Kim J, Sung Y, Oh S (2004) Failure modes of silicon powder negative electrode in lithium secondary batteries. Electrochem Solid State Lett 7:A306. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.179224210.1149/1.1792242 ↗
12. Kong F, Kostecki R, Nadeau G, Song X, Zaghib K, Kinoshita K, McLarnon F (2001) In situ studies of SEI formation. J Power Sources 97–98:58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00588-210.1016/s0378-7753(01)00588-2 ↗
13. Ng S, Wang J, Wexler D, Konstantinov K, Guo Z, Liu H (2006) Highly reversible lithium storage in spheroidal carbon-coated silicon nanocomposites as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Angew Chem 118:7050–7053. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.20060167610.1002/ange.200601676 ↗
14. Nie M, Abraham D, Seo D, Chen Y, Bose A, Lucht B (2013) Role of solution structure in solid electrolyte interphase formation on graphite with LiPF6 in propylene carbonate. J Phys Chem 117:25381–25389. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp409765w10.1021/jp409765w ↗
15. Ashuri M, He Q, Shaw L (2016) Silicon as a potential anode material for Li-ion batteries: where size, geometry and structure matter. Nanoscale 8:74–103. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05116a10.1039/c5nr05116a ↗
16. Ma Z, Li T, Huang Y, Liu J, Zhou Y, Xue D (2013) Critical silicon-anode size for averting lithiation-induced mechanical failure of lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 3:7398. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra41052h10.1039/c3ra41052h ↗
17. Wolfenstine J (1999) Critical grain size for microcracking during lithium insertion. J Power Sources 79:111–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00052-x10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00052-x ↗
18. Chan C, Peng H, Liu G, McIlwrath K, Zhang X, Huggins R, Cui Y (2007) High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires. Nat Nanotechnol 3:31–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.41110.1038/nnano.2007.411 ↗
19. Peng K, Jie J, Zhang W, Lee S (2008) Silicon nanowires for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes. Appl Phys Lett 93:033105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.292937310.1063/1.2929373 ↗
20. Zhang Y, Xia X, Wang X, Mai Y, Shi S, Tang Y, Gu C, Tu J (2012) Three-dimensional porous Nano-Ni supported silicon composite film for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 213:106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.03.05210.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.03.052 ↗
21. Ge M, Rong J, Fang X, Zhang A, Lu Y, Zhou C (2013) Scalable preparation of porous silicon nanoparticles and their application for lithium-ion battery anodes. Nano Res 6:174–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-013-0293-y10.1007/s12274-013-0293-y ↗
22. Ge M, Fang X, Rong J, Zhou C (2013) Review of porous silicon preparation and its application for lithium-ion battery anodes. Nanotechnology 24:422001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/42/42200110.1088/0957-4484/24/42/422001 ↗
23. Xiao Q, Gu M, Yang H, Li B, Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu F, Dai F, Yang L, Liu Z, Xiao X, Liu G, Zhao P, Zhang S, Wang C, Lu Y, Cai M (2015) Inward lithium-ion breathing of hierarchically porous silicon anodes. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms984410.1038/ncomms9844 ↗
24. Li H (1999) A high capacity Nano-Si composite anode material for lithium rechargeable batteries. Electrochem Solid State Lett 2:547. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.139089910.1149/1.1390899 ↗
25. Guo Z, Milin E, Wang J, Chen J, Liu H (2005) Silicon/disordered carbon nanocomposites for lithium-ion battery anodes. J Electrochem Soc 152:A2211. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.205184710.1149/1.2051847 ↗
26. Hanai K, Liu Y, Imanishi N, Hirano A, Matsumura M, Ichikawa T, Takeda Y (2005) Electrochemical studies of the Si-based composites with large capacity and good cycling stability as anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 146:156–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.10810.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.108 ↗
27. Zhao X, Lehto V (2020) Challenges and prospects of nanosized silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Nanotechnology 32:042002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abb85010.1088/1361-6528/abb850 ↗
28. Keller C, Desrues A, Karuppiah S, Martin E, Alper J, Boismain F, Villevieille C, Herlin-Boime N, Haon C, Chenevier P (2021) Effect of size and shape on electrochemical performance of nano-silicon-based lithium battery. Nanomaterials 11:307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1102030710.3390/nano11020307 ↗
29. Tian H, Tan X, Xin F, Wang C, Han W (2015) Micro-sized nano-porous Si/C anodes for lithium ion batteries. Nano Energy 11:490–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.03110.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.031 ↗
30. Burchell T (1999) Carbon materials for advanced technologies. Elsevier, Oxford
31. Kim J, Guccini V, Kim D, Oh J, Park S, Jeon Y, Hwang T, Salazar-Alvarez G, Piao Y (2018) A novel textile-like carbon wrapping for high-performance silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 6:12475–12483. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01414k10.1039/c8ta01414k ↗
32. Dou F, Shi L, Chen G, Zhang D (2019) Silicon/carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem Energ Rev 2:149–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-018-00028-w10.1007/s41918-018-00028-w ↗
33. Nzabahimana J, Liu Z, Guo S, Wang L, Hu X (2020) Top-down synthesis of silicon/carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: mechanical milling and etching. Chemsuschem 13:1923–1946. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.20190315510.1002/cssc.201903155 ↗
34. Sun Y, Liu K, Zhu Y (2017) Recent progress in synthesis and application of low-dimensional silicon based anode material for lithium ion battery. J Nanomater 2017:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/478090510.1155/2017/4780905 ↗
35. Huang Y, Luo J, Peng J, Shi M, Li X, Wang X, Chang B (2020) Porous silicon–graphene–carbon composite as high performance anode material for lithium ion batteries. J Energy Stor 27:101075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.10107510.1016/j.est.2019.101075 ↗
36. Sohn M, Kim D, Park H, Kim J, Kim H (2016) Porous silicon-carbon composite materials engineered by simultaneous alkaline etching for high-capacity lithium storage anodes. Electrochim Acta 196:197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.10110.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.101 ↗
37. Mi H, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang P, Sun L (2018) A self-sacrifice template strategy to fabricate yolk-shell structured silicon@void@carbon composites for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Chem Eng J 351:103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.06510.1016/j.cej.2018.06.065 ↗
38. Li S, Qin X, Zhang H, Wu J, He Y, Li B, Kang F (2014) Silicon/carbon composite microspheres with hierarchical core–shell structure as anode for lithium ion batteries. Electrochem Commun 49:98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.10.01310.1016/j.elecom.2014.10.013 ↗
39. Lee J, Oh S, Jeong S, Kang Y, Cho J (2018) Rattle-type porous Sn/C composite fibers with uniformly distributed nanovoids containing metallic Sn nanoparticles for high-performance anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale 10:21483–21491. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06075d10.1039/c8nr06075d ↗
40. Zhang L, Wang C, Dou Y, Cheng N, Cui D, Du Y, Liu P, Al-Mamun M, Zhang S, Zhao H (2019) A yolk-shell structured silicon anode with superior conductivity and high tap density for full lithium-ion batteries. Angew Chem 131:8916–8920. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.20190370910.1002/ange.201903709 ↗
41. Fatema U, Tomizawa C, Harada M, Gotoh Y (2011) Iodine-aided fabrication of hollow carbon fibers from solid poly (vinyl alcohol) fibers. Carbon 49:2158–2161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.01.04810.1016/j.carbon.2011.01.048 ↗
42. Ōtani S (1967) Mechanism of the carbonization of MP carbon fiber at the low temperature range. Carbon 5:219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(67)90003-610.1016/0008-6223(67)90003-6 ↗
43. Peppas N, Merrill E (1976) Differential scanning calorimetry of crystallized PVA hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 20:1457–1465. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.07020060410.1002/app.1976.070200604 ↗
44. Sashio M, Tanaka M (1985) Thermal reaction of poly (vinyl alcohol)-iodine complex membranes. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 23:905–909. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.17023032310.1002/pol.1985.170230323 ↗
45. Fatema UK, Uddin AJ, Uemura K, Gotoh Y (2010) Fabrication of carbon fibers from electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers. Text Res J 81:659–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051751038517510.1177/0040517510385175 ↗
46. Awada H, Daneault C (2015) Chemical modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) in water. Appl Sci 5:840–850. https://doi.org/10.3390/app504084010.3390/app5040840 ↗
47. Seok J, Song S, Yang I, Woo K, Park S, Park J, Kim S, Kim S, Yang M (2020) Hierarchically porous carbon nanofibers with controllable porosity derived from iodinated polyvinyl alcohol for supercapacitors. Adv Mater Interfaces. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.20200051310.1002/admi.202000513 ↗
48. Puech K, Paredes M, Weiss-Hortala K, Ratel-Ramond P, Pellenq M (2019) Analyzing the Raman spectra of graphenic carbon materials from Kerogens to nanotubes: what type of information can be extracted from defect bands? C J Carbon Res. https://doi.org/10.3390/c504006910.3390/c5040069 ↗
49. Kumar M, Kesavan T, Kalita G, Ragupathy P, Narayanan T, Pattanayak D (2014) On the large capacitance of nitrogen doped graphene derived by a facile route. RSC Adv 4:38689–38697. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04927f10.1039/c4ra04927f ↗
50. Li C, Liu C, Ahmed K, Mutlu Z, Yan Y, Lee I, Ozkan M, Ozkan C (2017) Kinetics and electrochemical evolution of binary silicon–polymer systems for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 7:36541–36549. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06023h10.1039/c7ra06023h ↗
51. Wei D, Zhang Y, Fu J (2017) Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly (methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 8:1897–1908. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.19010.3762/bjnano.8.190 ↗
52. Yun Q, Qin X, Lv W, He Y, Li B, Kang F, Yang Q (2015) “Concrete” inspired construction of a silicon/carbon hybrid electrode for high performance lithium ion battery. Carbon 93:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.03210.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.032 ↗
53. Sehrawat P, Shabir A, Abid JC, Islam S (2021) Recent trends in silicon/graphene nanocomposite anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.22970910.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229709 ↗
54. Bai Y, Cao X, Tian Z, Yang S, Cao G (2021) A high-performance silicon/carbon composite as anode material for lithium ion batteries. Nano Express. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/abdf2e10.1088/2632-959x/abdf2e ↗
55. Zhu S, Zhu C, Ma J, Meng Q, Guo Z, Yu Z, Lu T, Li Y, Zhang D, Lau W (2013) Controlled fabrication of Si nanoparticles on graphene sheets for Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra22989k10.1039/c3ra22989k ↗
56. Hassan F, Chabot V, Elsayed A, Xiao X, Chen Z (2013) Engineered Si electrode nanoarchitecture: a scalable postfabrication treatment for the production of next-generation Li-Ion batteries. Nano Lett 14:277–283. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403943g10.1021/nl403943g ↗
57. Tao H, Fan L, Qu X (2012) Facile synthesis of ordered porous Si@C nanorods as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 71:194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.13910.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.139 ↗
58. Yang J, Wang Y, Chou S, Zhang R, Xu Y, Fan J, Zhang W, Kun Liu H, Zhao D, Xue Dou S (2015) Yolk-shell silicon-mesoporous carbon anode with compact solid electrolyte interphase film for superior lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 18:133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.09.01610.1016/j.nanoen.2015.09.016 ↗
59. Sun Z, Song X, Zhang P, Gao L (2014) Controlled synthesis of yolk–mesoporous shell Si@SiO2nanohybrid designed for high performance Li ion battery. RSC Adv 4:20814–20820. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01871k10.1039/c4ra01871k ↗
60. Zhou R, Fan R, Tian Z, Zhou Y, Guo H, Kou L, Zhang D (2016) Preparation and characterization of core–shell structure Si/C composite with multiple carbon phases as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J Alloys Compd 658:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.21710.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.217 ↗
61. Jung M, Lee J (2016) Electrochemical performance of hollow silicon/carbon anode materials for lithium ion battery. Appl Chem Eng 27:444–448. https://doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.105510.14478/ace.2016.1055 ↗
62. Zheng Y, Yang J, Wang J, NuLi Y (2007) Nano-porous Si/C composites for anode material of lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 52:5863–5867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.01310.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.013 ↗
63. Lee H, Lee J (2016) Electrochemical characteristics of porous silicon/carbon composite anode using spherical nano silica. Korean Chem Eng Res 54:459–464. https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2016.54.4.45910.9713/kcer.2016.54.4.459 ↗
64. Barsoukov E, Macdonald J (2005) Impedance spectroscopy. Wiley, Hoboken10.1002/0471716243 ↗
65. Song J, Chen S, Zhou M, Xu T, Lv D, Gordin M, Long T, Melnyk M, Wang D (2014) Micro-sized silicon–carbon composites composed of carbon-coated sub-10 nm Si primary particles as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2:1257–1262. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14100d10.1039/c3ta14100d ↗