Influence of plastic deformation on the precipitation sequence in an AA6061 alloy
Source abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the effect of prior plastic deformation on the precipitation mechanisms of MgxSiy in an AA6061 alloy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the precipitation sequence in samples that were isothermally aged at 180 °C with and without prior plastic deformation. Compressively deforming the AA6061 alloy by 4% caused a shift in the exothermal precipitation peaks to lower temperatures (DSC) and enabled the peak strength condition to be reached after a shorter aging period, revealing that plastic deformation accelerated the precipitation kinetics. TEM analysis determined that the accelerated precipitation kinetics in the deformed material was due to heterogeneous precipitation of the Q′ phase along dislocation lines and a modification of the precipitation sequence with the L, C and Q′ phases dominating over the β′′ phase (which is dominated in the non-deformed material). Additionally, the formation of β′ was largely suppressed by plastic deformation.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Iracane D, Chaix P, Alamo A (2008) Jules Horowitz Reactor: a high performance material testing reactor. Compt Rend Phys 9:445–45610.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.003 ↗
2. Guinier A, Lambot H (1948) Radiocristallographie-mecanisme de la precipitation dans les alliages ternaire Al-Si-Mg et quaternaire Al-Cu-Si-Mg. Comput Rend Acad Sci 227:74–75
3. Lutts A (1961) Pre-precipitation in Al–Mg–Ge and Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Metall 9:577–58610.1016/0001-6160(61)90161-4 ↗
4. Andersen J, Zandbergen HW, Jancen J, Traeholt C, Tundal U, Reiso O (1998) The crystal structure of the β’’ phase In Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater 46:3283–329810.1016/S1359-6454(97)00493-X ↗
5. Lorimer GW (1978) Precipitation in aluminium alloys. In: Russell KC, Aaronson HI (eds) Precipitation processes in solids. Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, PA, pp 87–119
6. Eduards GA, Stiller K, Dunlop GL, Couper MJ (1998) The precipitation sequence in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater 46:3893–390410.1016/S1359-6454(98)00059-7 ↗
7. Marioara CD, Andersen SJ, Jansen J, Zandbergen HW (2001) Atomic model for GP-zones in a 6082 Al–Mg–Si system. Acta Mater 49:321–32810.1016/S1359-6454(00)00302-5 ↗
8. Hasting HS, Frøseth AG, Andersen SJ, Vissers R, Walmsley JC, Marioara CD, Danoix F, Lefebvre W, Holmestad R (2009) Composition of β″ precipitates in Al–Mg–Si alloys by atom probe tomography and first principles calculations. J Appl Phys 106:12352710.1063/1.3269714 ↗
9. Vissers R, van Huis MA, Jansen J, Zandbergen HW, Marioara CD, Andersen SJ (2007) The crystal structure of the β’ phase in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater 55:3815–382310.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.032 ↗
10. Andersen SJ, Marioara CD, Vissers R, Frøseth A, Zandbergen HW (2007) The structural relation between precipitates in Al–Mg–Si alloys, the Al-matrix and diamond silicon, with emphasis on the trigonal phase U1-MgAl2Si2. Mater Sci Eng A 444:157–16910.1016/j.msea.2006.08.084 ↗
11. Andersen SJ, Marioara CD, Frøseth A, Vissers R, Zandbergen HW (2005) Crystal structure of the orthorhombic U2-Al4Mg4Si4 precipitate in the Al–Mg–Si alloy system and its relation to the β′ and β″ phases. Mater Sci Eng A 390:127–13810.1016/j.msea.2004.09.019 ↗
12. Vissers R, Marioara CD, Andersen SJ, Holmestad R, (2008) Aluminium alloys. In: Proceedings of ICAA11, 22–26 September 2008, Aachen, Germany 2:1263–1269
13. Marioara CD, Andersen SJ, Stene TN, Hasting H, Walmsley J, Van Helvoort ATJ, Holmestad R (2007) The effect of Cu on precipitation in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Philos Mag 87:3385–341310.1080/14786430701287377 ↗
14. Matsuda K, Sakaguchi Y, Miyata Y, Uetani Y, Sato T, Kamio A, Ikeno S (2000) Precipitation sequence of various kinds of metastable phases in Al-1.0mass% Mg2Si-0.4mass% Si alloy. J Mater Sci 35:179–189. doi: 10.1023/A:100476930573610.1023/A:1004769305736 ↗
15. Ravi C, Wolverton C (2004) First-principles study of crystal structure and stability of Al–Mg–Si–(Cu) precipitates. Acta Mater 52:4213–422710.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.037 ↗
16. Larché FR (1979) In: Nabarro FRN (ed) Dislocations in solids. North-Holland, Amsterdam
17. Kreye H (1970) Influence of dislocations on the growth of particles. Z Metall 61:108
18. Ardell AJ (1972) On the coarsening of grain boundary precipitates. Acta Metall 20:601–60910.1016/0001-6160(72)90015-6 ↗
19. Hoyt JJ (1991) On the coarsening of precipitates located on grain boundaries and dislocations. Acta Metall 39:2091–209810.1016/0956-7151(91)90179-5 ↗
20. Cerri A, Leo P (2005) Influence of severe plastic deformation on aging of Al–Mg–Si alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 410–411:226–22910.1016/j.msea.2005.08.135 ↗
21. Chrominski W, Wenner S, Marioara CD, Holmestad R, Lewandowska M (2016) Strengthening mechanisms in ultrafine grained Al–Mg–Si alloy processed by hydrostatic extrusion—Influence of ageing temperature. Mater Sci Eng A 669:447–45810.1016/j.msea.2016.05.109 ↗
22. Teichmann K, Marioara CD, Andersen SJ, Pedersen KO, Gulbrandsen-Dahl S, Kolar M, Holmestad R, Marthinsen K (2011) HRTEM study of the effect of deformation on the early precipitation behaviour in an AA6060 Al–Mg–Si alloy. Philos Mag 28:3744–375410.1080/14786435.2011.593577 ↗
23. Yassar RS, Field DP, Weiland H (2005) The effect of predeformation on the β″ and β′ precipitates and the role of Q′ phase in an Al–Mg–Si alloy; AA6022. Scr Mater 53:299–30310.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.04.013 ↗
24. Genevois C, Fabregue D, Deschamps A, Poole WJ (2006) On the coupling between precipitation and plastic deformation in relation with friction stir welding of AA2024 T3 aluminium alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 441:39–4810.1016/j.msea.2006.07.151 ↗
25. Deschamps A, Livet F, Brechet Y (1998) Influence of predeformation on ageing in an Al–Zn–Mg alloy—I. Microstruct Evol Mech Prop Acta Mater 47:281–292
26. Sun DL, Yang DZ, Hong Y, Lei TC (1988) Effect of prior cold deformation on aging behavior of Al-2.73 wt-%Li alloy. In: Proceedings of the 8th ICSMA, Tempere, Finland. Pergamon Press, Oxford 591–596
27. Edwards MR, Whiley MJ (1994) The effect of prior stretching on the elevated temperature tensile behaviour of the aluminium-lithium alloy 8090. In: Proceedings of the 4th ICAA, Atlanta, Ga. Georgia Institute of Technology 473
28. Cassada WA, Shiflet GJ, Starke EA Jr (1991) The effect of plastic deformation on Al2CuLi (T) precipitation. Metall Trans A 22:299–30610.1007/BF02656799 ↗
29. Ringer SP, Muddle BC, Polmear IJ (1995) Effects of cold work on precipitation in Al–Cu–Mg–(Ag) and Al–Cu–Li–(Mg–Ag) alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 26:1659–167110.1007/BF02670753 ↗
30. Kim JD, Park JK (1993) Effect of stretching on the precipitation kinetics of an Al-2.0Li-2.8Cu-0.5 Mg (−0.13Zr) alloy. Metall Trans A 24:2613–262110.1007/BF02659485 ↗
31. Dutta I, Allen SM (1991) A calorimetric study of precipitation in commercial aluminium alloy 6061. J Mater Sci Lett 10:323–326. doi: 10.1007/BF0071969710.1007/BF00719697 ↗
32. Marioara CD, Andersen SJ, Zandbergen HW, Holmestad R (2005) The influence of alloy composition on precipitates of the Al–Mg–Si system. Metall Mater Trans A 36:691–702
33. Chbihi A, Sauvage X, Blavette D (2014) Influence of plastic deformation on the precipitation of Cr in copper. J Mater Sci 49:6240–6247. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8348-310.1007/s10853-014-8348-3 ↗
34. Martin JW (1998) Precipitation hardening, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, p 7
35. Torsaeter M, Lefebvre W, Marioara CD, Andersen SJ, Walmsley JC, Holmestad R (2011) Study of intergrown L and Q′ precipitates in Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys. Scr Mater 64:817–82010.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.01.008 ↗
36. Militzer M, Sun WP, Jonas JJ (1994) Modelling the effect of deformation-induced vacancies on segregation and precipitation. Acta Metall Mater 42:13310.1016/0956-7151(94)90056-6 ↗
37. Mishin Y, Herzig C (1999) Grain boundary diffusion: recent progress and future research. Mater Sci Eng A 260:55–7110.1016/S0921-5093(98)00978-2 ↗
38. Gaber A, Gaffar MA, Mostafa MS, Abo Zeid EF (2007) Precipitation kinetics of Al–1.12 Mg2Si–0.35 Si and Al–1.07 Mg2Si–0.33 Cu alloys. J Alloys Compd 429:167–17510.1016/j.jallcom.2006.04.021 ↗