Identification of the main mixing process in the synthesis of alloy nanoparticles by laser ablation of compacted micropowder mixtures
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Alloy nanoparticles offer the possibility to tune functional properties of nanoscale structures. Prominent examples of tuned properties are the local surface plasmon resonance for sensing applications and adsorption energies for applications in catalysis. Laser synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles is well suited for generating alloy nanoparticles of desired compositions. Not only bulk alloys but also compacted mixtures of single-metal micropowders can serve as ablation targets. However, it is still unknown how mixing of the individual metals transfers from the micro- to the nanoscale. This work experimentally contributes to the elucidation of the mixing processes during the laser-based synthesis of alloy nanoparticles. Key parameters, such as the initial state of mixing in the ablation target, the laser pulse duration, the laser spot size, and the ablation time, are varied. Experiments are performed on a cobalt-iron alloy, relevant for application in oxidation catalysis, in ethanol. The extent of mixing in the targets after ablation and in individual nanoparticles are studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry at relevant conditions for the oxygen evolution reaction, as model reaction. The results point at the benefits of well pre-mixed ablation targets and longer laser pulse durations for the laser-based synthesis of alloy nanoparticles. Graphical abstract
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles · Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies · Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Link S, Wang ZL, El-Sayed MA (1999) Alloy formation of gold−silver nanoparticles and the dependence of the plasmon absorption on their composition. J Phys Chem B. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp990387w10.1021/jp990387w ↗
2. Beyene HT, Chakravadhanula VSK, Hanisch C, Elbahri M, Strunskus T, Zaporojtchenko V, Kienle L, Faupel F (2010) Preparation and plasmonic properties of polymer-based composites containing Ag–Au alloy nanoparticles produced by vapor phase co-deposition. J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4663-510.1007/s10853-010-4663-5 ↗
3. Ye H, Li Y, Chen J, Sheng J, Fu X-Z, Sun R, Wong C-P (2018) PdCu alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2759-510.1007/s10853-018-2759-5 ↗
4. Koper MT (2004) Electrocatalysis on bimetallic and alloy surfaces. Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2003.10.04510.1016/j.susc.2003.10.045 ↗
5. Ahmed J, Ramanujachary KV, Lofland SE, Furiato A, Gupta G, Shivaprasad SM, Ganguli AK (2008) Bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles of varying composition (CuNi3, CuNi, Cu3Ni). Colloids Surf A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.08.00710.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.08.007 ↗
6. Huang X, Dai B, Ren Y, Xu J, Zhao C (2015) Controllable synthesis and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of magnetic CoNi alloy nanoparticles coated on biocarbon nanofibers. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-2727-710.1007/s10854-015-2727-7 ↗
7. You H, Yang S, Ding B, Yang H (2013) Synthesis of colloidal metal and metal alloy nanoparticles for electrochemical energy applications. Chem Soc Rev. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35319A10.1039/C2CS35319A ↗
8. Zhang J, Chaker M, Ma D (2017) Pulsed laser ablation based synthesis of colloidal metal nanoparticles for catalytic applications. J Colloid Interface Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.05010.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.050 ↗
9. Zhang D, Gökce B, Barcikowski S (2017) Laser synthesis and processing of colloids: fundamentals and applications. Chem Rev. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b0046810.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00468 ↗
10. Reichenberger S, Marzun G, Muhler M, Barcikowski S (2019) Perspective of surfactant-free colloidal nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysis. ChemCatChem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20190066610.1002/cctc.201900666 ↗
11. Forsythe RC, Cox CP, Wilsey MK, Müller AM (2021) Pulsed laser in liquids made nanomaterials for catalysis. Chem Rev. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c0106910.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01069 ↗
12. Kazakevich PV, Voronov VV, Simakin AV, Shafeev GA (2004) Production of copper and brass nanoparticles upon laser ablation in liquids. Quantum Electron. https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2004v034n10ABEH00275610.1070/QE2004v034n10ABEH002756 ↗
13. Sukhov IA, Shafeev GA, Voronov VV, Sygletou M, Stratakis E, Fotakis C (2014) Generation of nanoparticles of bronze and brass by laser ablation in liquid. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.12.01810.1016/j.apsusc.2013.12.018 ↗
14. Malviya KD, Chattopadhyay K (2014) Synthesis and mechanism of composition and size dependent morphology selection in nanoparticles of Ag–Cu alloys processed by laser ablation under liquid medium. J Phys Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp502327c10.1021/jp502327c ↗
15. Lee I, Han SW, Kim K (2001) Production of Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles by laser ablation of bulk alloys. Chem Commun (Cambridge, England). https://doi.org/10.1039/B105437F10.1039/B105437F ↗
16. Seto T, Koga K, Akinaga H, Takano F, Orii T, Hirasawa M (2006) Laser ablation synthesis of monodispersed magnetic alloy nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-9010-410.1007/s11051-005-9010-4 ↗
17. Nadarajah R, Tahir S, Landers J, Koch D, Semisalova AS, Wiemeler J, El-Zoka A, Kim S-H, Utzat D, Möller R, Gault B, Wende H, Farle M, Gökce B (2020) Controlling the oxidation of magnetic and electrically conductive solid-solution iron-rhodium nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in liquids. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1012236210.3390/nano10122362 ↗
18. Jakobi J, Menéndez-Manjón A, Chakravadhanula VSK, Kienle L, Wagener P, Barcikowski S (2011) Stoichiometry of alloy nanoparticles from laser ablation of PtIr in acetone and their electrophoretic deposition on PtIr electrodes. Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/14/14560110.1088/0957-4484/22/14/145601 ↗
19. Mahfouz R, Cadete Santos Aires FJ, Brenier A, Ehret E, Roumié M, Nsouli B, Jacquier B, Bertolini JC (2010) Elaboration and characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of Ni75Pd25 and Au75Ag25 targets in water. J Nanopart Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9949-710.1007/s11051-010-9949-7 ↗
20. Censabella M, Torrisi V, Boninelli S, Bongiorno C, Grimaldi MG, Ruffino F (2019) Laser ablation synthesis of mono- and bimetallic Pt and Pd nanoparticles and fabrication of Pt-Pd/Graphene nanocomposites. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.02910.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.029 ↗
21. Brandiele R, Amendola V, Guadagnini A, Rizzi GA, Badocco D, Pastore P, Isse AA, Durante C, Gennaro A (2019) Facile synthesis of Pd3Y alloy nanoparticles for electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim Acta. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.13456310.1016/j.electacta.2019.134563 ↗
22. Löffler T, Waag F, Gökce B, Ludwig A, Barcikowski S, Schuhmann W (2021) Comparing the activity of complex solid solution electrocatalysts using inflection points of voltammetric activity curves as activity descriptors. ACS Catal. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c0331310.1021/acscatal.0c03313 ↗
23. Neumeister A, Jakobi J, Rehbock C, Moysig J, Barcikowski S (2014) Monophasic ligand-free alloy nanoparticle synthesis determinants during pulsed laser ablation of bulk alloy and consolidated microparticles in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP03316G10.1039/C4CP03316G ↗
24. Okamoto H, Massalski TB (1985) The Au−Pt (Gold–Platinum) system. Bull Alloy Phase Diagrams. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0287118710.1007/BF02871187 ↗
25. Zhang J, Oko DN, Garbarino S, Imbeault R, Chaker M, Tavares AC, Guay D, Ma D (2012) Preparation of PtAu alloy colloids by laser ablation in solution and their characterization. J Phys Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp302485g10.1021/jp302485g ↗
26. Chen Y-H, Yeh C-S (2001) A new approach for the formation of alloy nanoparticles: laser synthesis of gold–silver alloy from gold–silver colloidal mixtures. Chem Commun (Cambridge, England). https://doi.org/10.1039/B009854J10.1039/B009854J ↗
27. Izgaliev AT, Simakin AV, Shafeev GA, Bozon-Verduraz F (2004) Intermediate phase upon alloying Au–Ag nanoparticles under laser exposure of the mixture of individual colloids. Chem Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.05310.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.053 ↗
28. Compagnini G, Messina E, Puglisi O, Cataliotti RS, Nicolosi V (2008) Spectroscopic evidence of a core–shell structure in the earlier formation stages of Au–Ag nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in water. Chem Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.05110.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.051 ↗
29. Besner S, Meunier M (2010) Femtosecond laser synthesis of AuAg nanoalloys: photoinduced oxidation and ions release. J Phys Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp102461u10.1021/jp102461u ↗
30. Amendola V, Scaramuzza S, Carraro F, Cattaruzza E (2017) Formation of alloy nanoparticles by laser ablation of Au/Fe multilayer films in liquid environment. J Colloid Interface Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.02310.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.023 ↗
31. Tymoczko A, Kamp M, Rehbock C, Kienle L, Cattaruzza E, Barcikowski S, Amendola V (2019) One-step synthesis of Fe–Au core–shell magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles driven by interface energy minimization. Nanoscale Horiz. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NH00332K10.1039/C9NH00332K ↗
32. Shih C-Y, Chen C, Rehbock C, Tymoczko A, Wiedwald U, Kamp M, Schuermann U, Kienle L, Barcikowski S, Zhigilei LV (2021) Limited elemental mixing in nanoparticles generated by ultrashort pulse laser ablation of AgCu bilayer thin films in a liquid environment: atomistic modeling and experiments. J Phys Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c0997010.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09970 ↗
33. Nishizawa T, Ishida K (1984) The Co−Fe (Cobalt−Iron) system. Bull Alloy Phase Diagrams. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0286854810.1007/BF02868548 ↗
34. Goldstein JI, Newbury DE, Michael JR, Ritchie NWM, Scott JHJ, Joy DC (2018). In: Goldstein JI, Newbury DE, Michael JR, Ritchie NW, Scott JHJ, Joy DC (eds) Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Springer New York, New York, pp 39–6310.1007/978-1-4939-6676-9_4 ↗
35. Waag F, Gökce B, Barcikowski S (2019) Ablation target cooling by maximizing the nanoparticle productivity in laser synthesis of colloids. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.03010.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.030 ↗
36. Brorson SD, Kazeroonian A, Moodera JS, Face DW, Cheng TK, Ippen EP, Dresselhaus MS (1990) Femtosecond room-temperature measurement of the electron–phonon coupling constant gamma in metallic superconductors. Phys Rev Lett. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.217210.1103/PhysRevLett.64.2172 ↗
37. Tong Z, Li S, Ruan X, Bao H (2019) Comprehensive first-principles analysis of phonon thermal conductivity and electron–phonon coupling in different metals. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.14430610.1103/PhysRevB.100.144306 ↗
38. Yao YL, Chen H, Zhang W (2005) Time scale effects in laser material removal: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-003-2026-y10.1007/s00170-003-2026-y ↗
39. Chichkov BN, Momma C, Nolte S, Alvensleben F, Tünnermann A (1996) Femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of solids. Appl Phys A. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0156763710.1007/BF01567637 ↗
40. Schmitz T, Wiedwald U, Dubs C, Gökce B (2017) Ultrasmall yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles with high coercivity at low temperature synthesized by laser ablation and fragmentation of pressed powders. Chemphyschem A Eur J Chem Phys Phys Chem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.20160118310.1002/cphc.201601183 ↗
41. Johny J, Li Y, Kamp M, Prymak O, Liang S-X, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Kienle L, Rehbock C, Barcikowski S, Reichenberger S (2021) Laser-generated high entropy metallic glass nanoparticles as bifunctional electrocatalysts. Nano Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3804-210.1007/s12274-021-3804-2 ↗
42. Amendola V, Riello P, Meneghetti M (2011) Magnetic nanoparticles of iron carbide, iron oxide, iron@iron oxide, and metal iron synthesized by laser ablation in organic solvents. J Phys Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp109371m10.1021/jp109371m ↗
43. Kanitz A, Hoppius JS, Del Mar SM, Maicas M, Ostendorf A, Gurevich EL (2017) Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles by ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of iron in different liquids. Chemphyschem A Eur J Chem Phys Phys Chem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.20160125210.1002/cphc.201601252 ↗
44. Chen GX, Hong MH, Lan B, Wang ZB, Lu YF, Chong TC (2004) A convenient way to prepare magnetic colloids by direct Nd:YAG laser ablation. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.01.00710.1016/j.apsusc.2004.01.007 ↗
45. Zhang H, Liang C, Liu J, Tian Z, Shao G (2013) The formation of onion-like carbon-encapsulated cobalt carbide core/shell nanoparticles by the laser ablation of metallic cobalt in acetone. Carbon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.01510.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.015 ↗
46. Waag F, Li Y, Ziefuß AR, Bertin E, Kamp M, Duppel V, Marzun G, Kienle L, Barcikowski S, Gökce B (2019) Kinetically-controlled laser-synthesis of colloidal high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. RSC Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03254a10.1039/c9ra03254a ↗
47. Burke MS, Kast MG, Trotochaud L, Smith AM, Boettcher SW (2015) Cobalt-iron (oxy)hydroxide oxygen evolution electrocatalysts: the role of structure and composition on activity, stability, and mechanism. J Am Chem Soc. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b0028110.1021/jacs.5b00281 ↗
48. Smith RDL, Pasquini C, Loos S, Chernev P, Klingan K, Kubella P, Mohammadi MR, Gonzalez-Flores D, Dau H (2017) Spectroscopic identification of active sites for the oxygen evolution reaction on iron–cobalt oxides. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01949-810.1038/s41467-017-01949-8 ↗
49. Stafe M (2012) Theoretical photo-thermo-hydrodynamic approach to the laser ablation of metals. J Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.477169210.1063/1.4771692 ↗