Preparation and properties of highly branched sulfonated poly(arylene ether)/polyacrylonitrile composite materials as proton exchange membranes
Source abstract
Abstract
Highly branched sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (BSPAEKs) exhibit excellent potential as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). However, the mechanical properties of the branched membranes must be further improved. In this work, a series of BSPAEK-based composite membranes containing different amounts of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated as PEMs. The expected ionic cross-linking and hydrogen bonding between BSPAEK and PAN was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The tensile strengths of the composite membranes with PAN contents from 5 to 20 % ranged from 16.4 to 23.0 MPa, which were notably higher than that of the BSPAEK membrane (13.1 MPa). Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the composite membranes was enhanced significantly from 295 to 430 min (2 ppm FeSO4 in 3 % H2O2) with increased PAN doping. Although the proton conductivity of the composite membrane was lower than that of BSPAEK, the proton conductivity of the composite membranes was still above 10−2 S cm−1 and satisfied the requirement of the fuel cells. The results indicate that this material is a suitable candidate PEM for evaluation in fuel cell applications.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Advanced battery technologies research · Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Li W, Guo X, Fang J (2014) Synthesis and properties of sulfonated polyimide–polybenzimidazole copolymers as proton exchange membranes. J Mater Sci 49:2745. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7977-210.1007/s10853-013-7977-2 ↗
2. Peckham TJ, Holdcroft S (2010) Structure–morphology–property relationships of non-perfluorinated proton-conducting membranes. Adv Mater 22:4667. doi: 10.1002/adma.20100116410.1002/adma.201001164 ↗
3. Yuan S, Tang Q, He B (2014) Three-dimensional hydrogel frameworks for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Mater Sci 49:5481. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8261-910.1007/s10853-014-8261-9 ↗
4. Wang S, Dong F, Li Z (2012) Proton-conducting membrane preparation based on SiO2-riveted phosphotungstic acid and poly (2,5-benzimidazole) via direct casting method and its durability. J Mater Sci 47:4743. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6350-110.1007/s10853-012-6350-1 ↗
5. Hou H, Di Vona ML, Knauth P (2012) Building bridges: crosslinking of sulfonated aromatic polymers—a review. J Membr Sci 423:113. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.07.03810.1016/j.memsci.2012.07.038 ↗
6. Pang J, Zhang H, Li X, Liu B, Jiang Z (2008) Poly(arylene ether)s with pendant sulfoalkoxy groups prepared by direct copolymerization method for proton exchange membranes. J Power Sources 184:1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.02510.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.025 ↗
7. Li N, Wang C, Lee SY, Park CH, Lee YM, Guiver MD (2011) Enhancement of proton transport by nanochannels in comb-shaped copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s. Angew Chem Int Edit 50:9158. doi: 10.1002/anie.20110205710.1002/anie.201102057 ↗
8. Lee C, Jo SM, Choi J, Baek K-Y, Truong YB, Kyratzis IL, Shul Y-G (2013) SiO2/sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) composite nanofiber mat supported proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. J Mater Sci 48:3665. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7162-710.1007/s10853-013-7162-7 ↗
9. Ramaganthan B, Sivakumar PM, Dharmalingam S (2010) Synthesis, characterization of novel silicotungstic acid incorporated SPEEK/PVA-co-ethylene-based composite membranes for fuel cell. J Mater Sci 46:1741. doi: 10.1007/s10853-010-4993-310.1007/s10853-010-4993-3 ↗
10. Zhao C, Lin H, Li X, Na H (2011) Morphological investigations of block sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers as potential proton exchange membranes. Polym Adv Technol 22:2173. doi: 10.1002/pat.174110.1002/pat.1741 ↗
11. Lawrence J, Yamaguchi T (2008) The degradation mechanism of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s in an oxidative environment. J Membr Sci 325:633. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.02710.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.027 ↗
12. Zhang H, Shen PK (2012) Recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells. Chem Rev 112:2780. doi: 10.1021/cr200035s10.1021/cr200035s ↗
13. Li M, Zhang G, Xu S, Zhao C, Han M, Zhang L, Jiang H, Liu Z, Na H (2014) Cross-linked polyelectrolyte for direct methanol fuel cells applications based on a novel sulfonated cross-linker. J Power Sources 255:10110.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.116 ↗
14. Lee SY, Kang NR, Shin DW, Lee CH, Lee K-S, Guiver MD, Li N, Lee YM (2012) Morphological transformation during cross-linking of a highly sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide nitrile) random copolymer. Energy Environ Sci 5:979510.1039/c2ee21992a ↗
15. Zhao C, Lin H, Han M, Na H (2010) Covalently cross-linked proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) and polybenzimidazole oligomer. J Membr Sci 353:10. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.01.06610.1016/j.memsci.2010.01.066 ↗
16. Li Y, Xie M, Wang X, Chao D, Liu X, Wang C (2013) Novel branched sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 38:12051. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.09010.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.090 ↗
17. Guo W, Li X, Wang H, Pang J, Wang G, Jiang Z, Zhang S (2013) Synthesis of branched sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) copolymers and their proton exchange membrane properties. J Membr Sci 444:259. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.04510.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.045 ↗
18. Wang L, Wang D, Zhu G, Li J (2011) Synthesis and properties of highly branched sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s as proton exchange membranes. Eur Polymer J 47:1985. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.07.016
19. Xie H, Tao D, Xiang X, Ou Y, Bai X, Wang L (2015) Synthesis and properties of highly branched star-shaped sulfonated block poly(arylene ether)s as proton exchange membranes. J Membrane Sci 473:226. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.01510.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.015 ↗
20. Matsumura S, Hlil AR, Lepiller C, Gaudet J, Guay D, Shi Z, Holdcroft S, Hay AS (2008) Ionomers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with sulfonic acid groups on the end groups: novel branched poly(ether-ketone)s. Macromolecules 41:281. doi: 10.1021/ma071422x10.1021/ma071422x ↗
21. Xie H, Wang D, Tao D, Wang L (2014) Synthesis of highly branched sulfonated polymers and the effects of degree of branching on properties of branched sulfonated polymers as proton exchange membranes. J Power Sources 262:328. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.06410.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.064 ↗
22. Liu D, Tao D, Ni J, Xiang X, Wang L, Xi J (2016) Synthesis and properties of highly branched sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s with flexible alkylsulfonated side chains as proton exchange membranes. J Mater Chem C 4:1326. doi: 10.1039/C5TC04033G10.1039/C5TC04033G ↗
23. Yu DM, Yoon S, Kim T-H, Lee JY, Lee J, Hong YT (2013) Properties of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)/electrospun nonwoven polyacrylonitrile composite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Membr Sci 446:212. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.02810.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.028 ↗
24. Wang J, Yue Z, Economy J (2007) Preparation of proton-conducting composite membranes from sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and polyacrylonitrile. J Membr Sci 291:210. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.01.02110.1016/j.memsci.2007.01.021 ↗
25. Li Q, Guo J, Chen Y, Kim H (2012) Preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile doped PVDF/heteropoly acid composite membranes. High Perform Polym 24:282. doi: 10.1177/095400831243908210.1177/0954008312439082 ↗
26. Li Z, Dai W, Yu L, Liu L, Xi J, Qiu X, Chen L (2014) Properties investigation of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/polyacrylonitrile acid-base blend membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:18885. doi: 10.1021/am504712510.1021/am5047125 ↗
27. Carter R, Wycisk R, Yoo H, Pintauro PN (2002) Blended polyphosphazene/polyacrylonitrile membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochem Solid State Lett 5:A195. doi: 10.1149/1.149591610.1149/1.1495916 ↗
28. Yin B, Li Z, Dai W, Wang L, Yu L, Xi J (2015) Highly branched sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether ketone sulfone)s membrane for energy efficient vanadium redox flow battery. J Power Sources 285:109. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.10210.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.102 ↗
29. Wu G, Yang H-Y, Chen H-Z, Yuan F, Yang L-G, Wang M, Fu R-J (2007) Novel porous polymer electrolyte based on polyacrylonitrile. Mater Chem Phys 104:284. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.03.01310.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.03.013 ↗
30. Xu J, Ni H, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhang H (2015) Direct polymerization of a novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone)/sulfonated poly(vinylalcohol) crosslinked membrane for direct methanol fuel cell applications. J Membr Sci 492:505. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.03110.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.031 ↗
31. Li Y, Wang X, Xie M, Liang Y, Liu X, Wang C (2014) Silane cross-linked proton electrolyte membranes based on branched sulphonated poly(ether ether ketone)s with high sulphonation degree for direct methanol fuel cells. High Perform Polym 26:1015. doi: 10.1177/095400831453709710.1177/0954008314537097 ↗
32. Muthumeenal A, Neelakandan S, Kanagaraj P, Nagendran A (2016) Synthesis and properties of novel proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated polyethersulfone and N-phthaloyl chitosan blends for DMFC applications. Renew Energy 86:922. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.09.01810.1016/j.renene.2015.09.018 ↗
33. Kerres JA (2005) Blended and cross-linked ionomer membranes for application in membrane fuel cells. Fuel Cells 5:230. doi: 10.1002/fuce.20040007910.1002/fuce.200400079 ↗
34. Kerres J, Tang CM, Graf C (2004) Improvement of properties of poly(ether ketone) ionomer membranes by blending and cross-linking. Ind Eng Chem Res 43:4571. doi: 10.1021/ie030762d10.1021/ie030762d ↗
35. Kreuer KD (1996) Proton conductivity: materials and applications. Chem Mater 8:610. doi: 10.1021/cm950192a10.1021/cm950192a ↗
36. Guang L, Juan X, Hefei C, Jinli Q (2014) New highly proton-conducting membrane based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing fluorophenyl pendant groups, for low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 39:2639. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.11.04910.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.11.049 ↗
37. Borup R, Meyers J, Pivovar B, Kim YS, Mukundan R, Garland N, Myers D, Wilson M, Garzon F, Wood D, Zelenay P, More K, Stroh K, Zawodzinski T, Boncella J, Mcgrath JE, Inaba M, Miyatake K, Hori M, Ota K, Ogumi Z, Miyata S, Nishikata A, Siroma Z, Uchimoto Y, Yasuda K, Kimijima K-I, Iwashita N (2007) Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation. Chem Rev 107:3904. doi: 10.1021/cr050182l10.1021/cr050182l ↗
38. Lee J-Y, Lee J-H, Ryu S, Yun S-H, Moon S-H (2015) Electrically aligned ion channels and their polarized conductivity. J Membr Sci 478:19. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.04910.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.049 ↗