Melt treatment of Al–Si foundry alloys with B and Sr additions
Source abstract
Abstract
Individual Sr and B additions to Al–Si alloy melts fail to provide either grain refinement or modification. Sr and B must be used together to achieve both features for high-quality sound castings. Sr and B solutes in addition to insoluble SrB6 particles are introduced to the melt when Sr and B are used together. SrB6 particles and B solutes, which form the AlB2 particles later during solidification, are believed to be responsible for the marked improvement in grain refinement in the co-addition practice. Sr atoms in liquid solution, on the other hand, are adsorbed on the surface of the Si plates leading to twinning once the melt cools to the eutectic solidification temperature. A series of experiments have shown that a very fine grained matrix and a fine fibrous eutectic are readily obtained when the AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy is inoculated with 100 ppm B and 150 ppm Sr.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (37)
Show source-provided references
1. Ruppert M, Strebl M, Hoeppel HW et al (2015) Mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained AlZnMg(Cu)-alloys AA7020 and AA7075 processed by accumulative roll bonding. J Mater Sci 50:4422–4429. doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9008-y10.1007/s10853-015-9008-y ↗
2. Gazizov M, Malopheyev S, Kaibyshev R (2015) The effect of second-phase particles on grain refinement during equal-channel angular pressing in an Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy. J Mater Sci 50:990–1005. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8659-410.1007/s10853-014-8659-4 ↗
3. Wang K, Liu FC, Xue P et al (2015) Effects of heating rates on microstructure and superplastic behavior of friction stir processed 7075 aluminum alloy. J Mater Sci 50:1006–1015. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8660-y10.1007/s10853-014-8660-y ↗
4. Alhamidi A, Horita Z (2014) Application of high-pressure torsion to Al–6%Cu–0.4%Zr alloy for ultrafine-grain refinement and superplasticity. J Mater Sci 49:6689–6695. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8362-510.1007/s10853-014-8362-5 ↗
5. El-Danaf E, Kawasaki M, El-Rayes M et al (2014) Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution in an aluminum 6082 alloy processed by high-pressure torsion. J Mater Sci 49:6597–6607. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8266-410.1007/s10853-014-8266-4 ↗
6. Liu MPP, Roven HJ, Murashkin MY, Valiev RZ et al (2013) Structure and mechanical properties of nanostructured Al–Mg alloys processed by severe plastic deformation. J Mater Sci 48:4681–4688. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-7133-410.1007/s10853-012-7133-4 ↗
7. McCartney DG (1989) Grain refining of aluminium and its alloys using inoculants. Int Mater Rev 34:247–26010.1179/imr.1989.34.1.247 ↗
8. Birol Y (2006) An improved practice to manufacture Al–Ti–B master alloys by reacting halide salts with molten aluminium. J Alloy Compd 420:71–7610.1016/j.jallcom.2005.10.017 ↗
9. Birol Y (2007) The effect of holding conditions in the conventional halide salt process on the performance of Al–Ti–B grain refiner alloy. J Alloy Compd 427:142–14710.1016/j.jallcom.2006.03.002 ↗
10. Easton M, StJohn D (2005) An analysis of the relationship between grain size, solute content, and the potency and number density of nucleant particles. Metall Mater Trans A 36A:1911–192010.1007/s11661-005-0054-y ↗
11. Sigworth G, Kuhn TA (2007) Grain refinement of aluminum casting alloys. AFS Trans 115:1–12
12. Spittle JA, Sadli S (1995) Effect of alloy variables on grain refinement of binary aluminum alloys with Al–Ti–B. Mater Sci Tech-Lond 11:533–53710.1179/mst.1995.11.6.533 ↗
13. Sritharan T, Li H (1997) Influence of titanium to boron ratio on the ability to grain refine aluminium–silicon alloys. J Mater Process Tech 63:585–58910.1016/S0924-0136(96)02688-X ↗
14. Mohanty PS, Gruzleski JE (1996) Grain refinement mechanisms of hypoeutectic Al—Si alloys. Acta Metall Mater 44:3749–376010.1016/1359-6454(96)00021-3 ↗
15. Qiu D, Taylor JA, Zhang MX, Kelly PM (2007) A mechanism for the poisoning effect of silicon on the grain refinement of Al–Si alloys. Acta Mater 55:1447–145610.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.046 ↗
16. Kori SA, Murty BS, Chakraborty M (2000) Development of an efficient grain refiner for Al–7Si alloy and its modification with strontium. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct A283:94–10410.1016/S0921-5093(99)00794-7 ↗
17. Greer AL, Cooper PS, Meredith MW, Schneider W, SchumacherP Spittle JA, Tronche A (2003) Grain refinement of aluminium alloys by inoculation. Adv Eng Mater 5:81–9110.1002/adem.200390013 ↗
18. Birol Y (2012) AlB3 master alloy to grain refine AlSi10 Mg and AlSi12Cu aluminium foundry alloys. J Alloy Compd 513:150–15310.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.010 ↗
19. Birol Y (2012) Grain refinement of pure aluminium and Al–7Si with Al–3B master alloy. Mater Sci Tech-Lond 28:363–36710.1179/1743284711Y.0000000041 ↗
20. Birol Y (2012) Performance of AlTi5B1, AlTi3B3 and AlB3 master alloys in refining grain structure of aluminium foundry alloys. Mater Sci Tech Lond 28:481–48610.1179/1743284711Y.0000000058 ↗
21. Birol Y (2013) Efficiency of binary and ternary alloys from Al–Ti–B system in grain refining aluminium foundry alloys. Int. J Cast Met Research 26:283–28810.1179/1743133613Y.0000000064 ↗
22. Lu HT, Wang LC, Kung SK (1981) Influence of grain refine master alloys addition on A 356 aluminum alloy. J Chin Foundryman’s Assoc 29:10–18
23. Sigworth GK (1984) Grain refining of aluminum and phase relationships in the Al–Ti–B system. Metall Trans A 15:277–28210.1007/BF02645112 ↗
24. Sigworth GK, Guzowski MM (1985) Grain refining of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys. AFS Trans 93:907–913
25. Tøndel PA, Halvorsen G, Arnberg L (1993) Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si foundry alloys by addition of boron containing silicon metal. Light Metals, TMS Publication, pp 783–790
26. Nafisi S, Ghomashchi R (2007) Boron-based refiners: implications in conventional casting of Al–Si alloys. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct A 452–453:445–45310.1016/j.msea.2006.10.145 ↗
27. Wang T, Chen Z, Fu H et al (2012) Grain refinement mechanism of pure aluminum by inoculation with Al–B master alloys. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct A549:136–14310.1016/j.msea.2012.04.019 ↗
28. Campbell J (2015) Complete casting handbook, 2nd edn. Metal casting processes, metallurgy, techniques and design. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
29. Nogita K, Dahle AK (2003) Effects of boron on eutectic modification of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys. Scr Mater 48:307–31310.1016/S1359-6462(02)00381-0 ↗
30. Liao H, Sun G (2003) Mutual poisoning effect between Sr and B in Al–Si casting alloys. Scr Mater 48:1035–103910.1016/S1359-6462(02)00648-6 ↗
31. Nogita K, McDonald SD, Dahle AK (2003) Effects of boron–strontium interactions on eutectic modification in Al–10mass%Si alloys. Mater Trans 44:692–69510.2320/matertrans.44.692 ↗
32. Liao H, Zhang M, Wu Q, Wang H, Sun G (2007) Refinement of eutectic grains by combined addition of strontium and boron in near-eutectic Al–Si alloys. Scr Mater 57:1121–112410.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.08.026 ↗
33. Mallapur DG, Kori SA, Udupa KR (2011) Influence of Ti, B and Sr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy. J Mater Sci 46:1622–1627. doi: 10.1007/s10853-010-4977-310.1007/s10853-010-4977-3 ↗
34. Birol Y (2012) Interaction of grain refinement with B and modification with Sr in aluminium foundry alloys. Mater Sci Tech Lond 28:70–7610.1179/1743284711Y.0000000081 ↗
35. COMALCO (1997) Modification of foundry Al–Si alloys. Technical report No. 4, Comalco Aluminum Limited. Brisbane
36. Birol Y (2013) Impact of grain size on mechanical properties of AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy. Mater Sci Eng A Struct A559:394–40010.1016/j.msea.2012.08.115 ↗
37. Barrirero J, Engstler M, Ghafoor N, De Jonge N, Oden M, Mucklich F (2014) Comparison of segregations formed in unmodified and Sr-modified Al–Si alloys studied by atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. J Alloy Compd 611:410–42110.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.121 ↗