Structural and electrochemical performance of three-dimensional LiMn2O4 thin film

LiMn2O4 thin films with three-dimensional (3D) structure were prepared by the sol–gel method. Polystyrene beads (300 nm) were dispersed in the form of monolayers on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates, which were then used as templates for fabricating three-dimensionally ordered electrodes. A coating solution prepared from acetylacetonate sources was dropped on the template-deposited substrates, which were then calcinated at 400 °C. The templates were removed by calcinations, and a 3D structure was formed through an annealing process. The discharge capacity of the 3D LiMn2O4 films was 1.63–3.03 μAh cm−2. The capacity loss over 100 cycles was approximately 18%, however, the 3D structure was not destroyed during cycling.