Cu, Ni and multi-walled carbon-nanotube-modified graphite felt electrode for nitrate electroreduction in water
Source abstract
Abstract
A three-dimensional bimetal carbon-based electrode, CuNi/multi-walled carbon nanotube/graphite felt (CuNi/M/GF), was designed for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) served as the interlayer and skeleton, which increased the electrochemical reduction activity of GF to nitrate. CuNi/M/GF with different atomic ratios of copper and nickel was prepared by adjusting the electrodeposition potential. The performance of the CuNi/M/GF, Cu foam, Ni foam, M/GF and GF in a dual-chamber cell and single-chamber cell was evaluated for different concentrations of chlorine, current density, energy consumption and degradation. In a solution of 100 mg/L NO3−-N, the removal of NO3−-N and total nitrogen (TN) by the optimal electrode in a single-chamber cell (SCC) can reach 99%. Aeration in the dual-chamber cell cathode can blow out more than 99% of the ammonia nitrogen that is converted from NO3−-N. More than 95% of the TN in a 100 ml, 700 mg/L NO3−-N solution was removed within 6 h. CuNi/M/GF showed excellent corrosion resistance and stability in the cyclic tests. CuNi–1.3/M/GF is more resistant to corrosion in the DCC than in the SCC which may be attributed to contact of the cathode with the oxidizing substance in the SCC. The application of CuNi/M/GF in practical wastewater that contained a high concentration of NaCl and nitrate-N shows that the electrode has considerable application prospects in TN removal.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction · Covalent Organic Framework Applications · Chemical Synthesis and Characterization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (47)
Show source-provided references
1. Martínez J, Ortiz A, Ortiz I (2017) State-of-the-art and perspectives of the catalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrates. Appl Catal B 207:42–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.01610.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.016 ↗
2. Shrimali M, Singh KP (2001) New methods of nitrate removal from water. Environ Pollut 112:351–35910.1016/S0269-7491(00)00147-0 ↗
3. Bilanovic D, Battistoni P, Cecchi F, Pavan P, Mata-Alvarez J (1999) Denitrification under high nitrate concentration and alternating anoxic conditions. Water Res 33:3311–332010.1016/S0043-1354(99)00049-4 ↗
4. Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW et al (1997) Technical report: human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecol Appl 7:737–750. https://doi.org/10.2307/226943110.2307/2269431 ↗
5. Fanning JC (2000) The chemical reduction of nitrate in aqueous solution. Coord Chem Rev 199:159–17910.1016/S0010-8545(99)00143-5 ↗
6. Risica S (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edn. WHO, Geneva
7. Rivett MO, Buss SR, Morgan P, Smith JW, Bemment CD (2008) Nitrate attenuation in groundwater: a review of biogeochemical controlling processes. Water Res 42:4215–4232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.02010.1016/j.watres.2008.07.020 ↗
8. USEPA (2017) Ground water and drinking water table of regulated drinking water contaminants
9. Kalaruban M, Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Vigneswaran S (2018) Submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system using four adsorbents to remove nitrate from water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:20328–20335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8905-910.1007/s11356-017-8905-9 ↗
10. Afonso MD, Jaber JO, Mohsen MS (2004) Brackish groundwater treatment by reverse osmosis in Jordan. Desalination 164:157–17110.1016/S0011-9164(04)00175-4 ↗
11. Kim YM, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Lee S, Kim IS, Kim JH (2009) Overview of systems engineering approaches for a large-scale seawater desalination plant with a reverse osmosis network. Desalination 238:312–33210.1016/j.desal.2008.10.004 ↗
12. Chen Y, Peng C, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Peng Y (2011) Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on simultaneous biological nutrient removal in a novel anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O)-biological aerated filter (BAF) system. Bioresour Technol 102:5722–572710.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.114 ↗
13. Ding J, Li W, Zhao Q-L, Wang K, Zheng Z, Gao Y-Z (2015) Electroreduction of nitrate in water: role of cathode and cell configuration. Chem Eng J 271:252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.00110.1016/j.cej.2015.03.001 ↗
14. Wang Q, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhang X (2015) Investigation of nitrate reduction on polycrystalline Pt nanoparticles with controlled crystal plane. J Electroanal Chem 755:210–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.08.00510.1016/j.jelechem.2015.08.005 ↗
15. Mattarozzi L, Cattarin S, Comisso N et al (2013) Electrochemical reduction of nitrate and nitrite in alkaline media at CuNi alloy electrodes. Electrochim Acta 89:488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.07410.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.074 ↗
16. Comisso N, Cattarin S, Guerriero P et al (2016) Study of Cu, Cu-Ni and Rh-modified Cu porous layers as electrode materials for the electroanalysis of nitrate and nitrite ions. J Solid State Electrochem 20:1139–114810.1007/s10008-015-2915-7 ↗
17. Birdja YY, Yang J, Koper MTM (2014) Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate on tin-modified palladium electrodes. Electrochim Acta 140:518–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.01110.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.011 ↗
18. Katsuaki S (2004) High electrocatalytic performance of Pd/Sn/Au electrodes for nitrate reduction. J Electroanal Chem 572:93–9910.1016/j.jelechem.2004.06.004 ↗
19. Garcia-Segura S, Lanzarini-Lopes M, Hristovski K, Westerhoff P (2018) Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate: fundamentals to full-scale water treatment applications. Appl Catal B 236:546–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.04110.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.041 ↗
20. de Groot MT, Mtm K (2004) The influence of nitrate concentration and acidity on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate on platinum. J Electroanal Chem 562:81–9410.1016/j.jelechem.2003.08.011 ↗
21. Jha K, Weidner JW (1999) Evaluation of porous cathodes for the electrochemical reduction of nitrates and nitrites in alkaline waste streams. J Appl Electrochem 29:1305–131510.1023/A:1003753220647 ↗
22. Radjenovic J, Sedlak DL (2015) Challenges and opportunities for electrochemical processes as next-generation technologies for the treatment of contaminated water. Environ Sci Technol 49:11292–11302. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b0241410.1021/acs.est.5b02414 ↗
23. Mattarozzi L, Cattarin S, Comisso N et al (2014) Hydrogen evolution assisted electrodeposition of porous Cu-Ni alloy electrodes and their use for nitrate reduction in alkali. Electrochim Acta 140:337–34410.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.048 ↗
24. Wang Q, Yue K, Zhang X, Wang L, Guiver MD, Zhang J (2017) Carbon fiber paper supported nano-Pt electrode with high electrocatalytic activity for concentrated nitric acid reduction. J Electroanal Chem 794:43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.04310.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.043 ↗
25. Zhu W, Zhang X, Yin Y, Qin Y, Zhang J, Wang Q (2018) In-situ electrochemical activation of carbon fiber paper for the highly efficient electroreduction of concentrated nitric acid. Electrochim Acta 291:328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.12710.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.127 ↗
26. Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhu W et al (2020) Synergetic electrochemical HNO3 reduction on the activated-CFP supported nano-Pt electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 869:114182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.11418210.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114182 ↗
27. Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu P, Wang F (2018) Electrochemical reduction of nitrate via Cu/Ni composite cathode paired with Ir-Ru/Ti anode: high efficiency and N2 selectivity. Electrochim Acta 291:151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.15410.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.154 ↗
28. Wu Y, Gan L, Zhang S et al (2018) Carbon-nanotube-doped Pd-Ni bimetallic three-dimensional electrode for electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol: enhanced activity and stability. J Hazard Mater 356:17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.03410.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.034 ↗
29. Su L, Li K, Zhang H et al (2017) Electrochemical nitrate reduction by using a novel Co3O4/Ti cathode. Water Res 120:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.06910.1016/j.watres.2017.04.069 ↗
30. Chang J-K, Hsu S-H, Sun IW, Tsai W-T (2008) Formation of nanoporous nickel by selective anodic etching of the nobler copper component from electrodeposited nickel−copper alloys. J Phys Chem C 112:1371–1376. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp077247410.1021/jp0772474 ↗
31. Liu Z, Xia G, Zhu F et al (2008) Exploiting finite size effects in a novel core/shell microstructure. J Appl Phys 103:064313. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.284428610.1063/1.2844286 ↗
32. Reyter D, Bélanger D, Roué L (2011) Optimization of the cathode material for nitrate removal by a paired electrolysis process. J Hazard Mater 192:507–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.05410.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.054 ↗
33. Durivault L, Brylev O et al (2007) Cu-Ni materials prepared by mechanical milling: their properties and electrocatalytic activity towards nitrate reduction in alkaline medium. J Alloys Compd 432:323–33210.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.023 ↗
34. Hristovski KD, Markovski J (2017) Engineering metal (hydr) oxide sorbents for removal of arsenate and similar weak-acid oxyanion contaminants: a critical review with emphasis on factors governing sorption processes. Sci Total Environ 598:258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.10810.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.108 ↗
35. Cook AR, Dimitrijevic N, Dreyfus BW, Meisel D, Curtiss LA, Camaioni DM (2001) Reducing radicals in nitrate solutions. The NO32-system revisited. J Phys Chem A 105:3658–3666. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp003805210.1021/jp0038052 ↗
36. Dima GE, Beltramo GL, Koper MTM (2005) Nitrate reduction on single-crystal platinum electrodes. Electrochim Acta 50:4318–4326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.09310.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.093 ↗
37. de Vooys ACA, Beltramo GL, van Riet B, van Veen JAR, Koper MTM (2004) Mechanisms of electrochemical reduction and oxidation of nitric oxide. Electrochim Acta 49:1307–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2003.07.02010.1016/j.electacta.2003.07.020 ↗
38. Horányi G, Rizmayer EM (1982) Role of adsorption phenomena in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitric acid at a platinized platinum electrode. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 140:347–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(82)85178-410.1016/0022-0728(82)85178-4 ↗
39. Katsounaros I, Kyriacou G (2008) Influence of nitrate concentration on its electrochemical reduction on tin cathode: identification of reaction intermediates. Electrochim Acta 53:5477–5484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.01810.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.018 ↗
40. Katsounaros I, Kyriacou G (2007) Influence of the concentration and the nature of the supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical reduction of nitrate on tin cathode. Electrochim Acta 52:6412–6420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.05010.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.050 ↗
41. Li M, Feng C, Zhang Z, Sugiura N (2009) Efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrate to nitrogen using Ti/IrO2–Pt anode and different cathodes. Electrochim Acta 54:4600–4606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.03.06410.1016/j.electacta.2009.03.064 ↗
42. Li M, Feng C, Zhang Z et al (2009) Simultaneous reduction of nitrate and oxidation of by-products using electrochemical method. J Hazard Mater 171:724–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.06610.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.066 ↗
43. Couto AB, Oishi SS, Ferreira NG (2016) Enhancement of nitrate electroreduction using BDD anode and metal modified carbon fiber cathode. J Ind Eng Chem 39:210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.05.02810.1016/j.jiec.2016.05.028 ↗
44. Karri RR, Sahu JN, Chimmiri V (2018) Critical review of abatement of ammonia from wastewater. J Mol Liq 261:21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.12010.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.120 ↗
45. Hl Li DH, Robertson JQC, Hobbs DT (1988) Electrochemical reduction of nitrate and nitrite in concentrated sodium hydroxide at platinum and nickel electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 135:1154. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.209590010.1149/1.2095900 ↗
46. Paidar M, Roušar I, Bouzek K (1999) Electrochemical removal of nitrate ions in waste solutions after regeneration of ion exchange columns. J Appl Electrochem 29:611–617. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:102642321889910.1023/A:1026423218899 ↗
47. Li W, Xiao C, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Fan R, Xue J (2016) Electrochemical reduction of high-concentrated nitrate using Ti/TiO2 nanotube array anode and Fe cathode in dual-chamber cell. Catal Lett 146:2585–2595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-016-1894-310.1007/s10562-016-1894-3 ↗