Solid phase transformation of Ti–6.6Al–3.4Mo alloy induced by electroshocking treatment
Source abstract
Abstract
The effect of high-density electroshocking on the solid phase transformation of Ti–6.6Al–3.4Mo alloy was studied in this paper. The microstructure at the same position of the specimens before and after electroshocking treatment with different parameters was characterized by the optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results reveal that the refined and spheroidized primary α phase can be obtained under the appropriate treatment condition. Meanwhile, the fine orthorhombic α″ phase at submicron was discovered by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy in the transformation products. A physical model was established to analyze non-uniform current distribution at microscale and to explain the spheroidization mechanism. The phase transition process was interpreted from the point of view of thermodynamics.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electromagnetic Effects on Materials · Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties · Microstructure and mechanical properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (37)
Show source-provided references
1. Zhou YQ, Chen YN, Zhang XM et al (2012) Phase transformation and heat treatment of titanium alloys. Central South University Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
2. Zhou YG, Zeng WD, Yu HQ (1996) A new high-temperature deformation strengthening and toughening process for titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A 221(1):58–6210.1016/S0921-5093(96)10386-5 ↗
3. Zong YY, Shan DB, Xu M et al (2009) Flow softening and microstructural evolution of TC11 titanium alloy during hot deformation. J Mater Process Technol 209(4):1988–199410.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.04.063 ↗
4. Singh AK, Roy T, Ramachandra C (1996) Microstructural stability on aging of an α + β titanium alloy: Ti–6Ai–1.6Zr–3.3Mo–0.30Si. Metall Mater Trans A 27(5):1167–117310.1007/BF02649855 ↗
5. Zhang XD, Evans DJ, Baeslack WA et al (2003) Effect of long term aging on the microstructural stability and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–2Cr–2Mo–2Sn–2Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 344(1–2):300–31110.1016/S0921-5093(02)00448-3 ↗
6. Liang C-L, Lin K-L (2018) The microstructure and property variations of metals induced by electric current treatment: a review. Mater Charact 145:545–55510.1016/j.matchar.2018.08.058 ↗
7. Liu J, Wei C, Yang G et al (2018) A novel combined electromagnetic treatment on cemented carbides for improved milling and mechanical performances. Metall Mater Trans A 49(10):4798–480810.1007/s11661-018-4740-y ↗
8. Ning J, Nguyen V, Huang Y et al (2018) Inverse determination of Johnson–Cook model constants of ultra-fine-grained titanium based on chip formation model and iterative gradient search. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99(5–8):1131–114010.1007/s00170-018-2508-6 ↗
9. Ning J, Sievers DE, Garmestani H et al (2019) Analytical modeling of transient temperature in powder feed metal additive manufacturing during heating and cooling stages. Appl Phys A 125(8):1–1110.1007/s00339-019-2782-7 ↗
10. Conrad H (2000) Effects of electric current on solid state phase transformations in metals. Mater Sci Eng, A 287(2):227–23710.1016/S0921-5093(00)00780-2 ↗
11. Zhou Y, Zhang W, Wang B et al (2011) Grain refinement and formation of ultrafine-grained microstructure in a low-carbon steel under electropulsing. J Mater Res 17(08):2105–211110.1557/JMR.2002.0311 ↗
12. Shao H, Shan D, Bai L et al (2018) Joule heating-induced microstructure evolution and residual stress in Ti–6Al–4V for U-shaped screw. Vacuum 153:70–7310.1016/j.vacuum.2018.03.047 ↗
13. Ao D-W, Chu X-R, Lin S-X et al (2018) Hot tensile behaviors and microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy under electropulsing. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 31(12):1287–129610.1007/s40195-018-0735-3 ↗
14. Zhou Y, Chen G, Fu X et al (2014) Effect of electropulsing on deformation behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy during cold drawing. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 24(4):1012–102110.1016/S1003-6326(14)63156-3 ↗
15. Zhao Z, Wang G, Hou H et al (2017) Influence of high-energy pulse current on the mechanical properties and microstructures of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. J Mater Eng Perform 26(10):5146–515310.1007/s11665-017-2960-8 ↗
16. Gao L, Liu J, Cheng X et al (2014) Effects of short time electric pulse heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-rolled Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 618:104–11110.1016/j.msea.2014.08.085 ↗
17. Wang L, Liu J, Yang Y et al (2018) Effects of electromagnetic treatment on microstructures and properties of TC11 titanium alloy. Chin J Nonferrous Met 28(5):931–937 (In Chinese)10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64727-2 ↗
18. Guillon O, Elsässer C, Gutfleisch O et al (2018) Manipulation of matter by electric and magnetic fields: toward novel synthesis and processing routes of inorganic materials. Mater Today 21(5):527–53610.1016/j.mattod.2018.03.026 ↗
19. Golovin YI, Morgunov RB, Ivanov VE (1997) In situ investigation of the effect of a magnetic field on the mobility of dislocations. Phys Solid State 39(4):550–55310.1134/1.1129927 ↗
20. Ma L, Zhao W, Liang Z et al (2014) An investigation on the mechanical property changing mechanism of high speed steel by pulsed magnetic treatment. Mater Sci Eng, A 609:16–2510.1016/j.msea.2014.04.100 ↗
21. Song Y, Hua L, Chu D et al (2012) Characterization of the inhomogeneous constitutive properties of laser welding beams by the micro-Vickers hardness test and the rule of mixture. Mater Des 37:19–2710.1016/j.matdes.2011.12.029 ↗
22. Zhao Y, Shi Y, Yang X et al (2018) Rapid strengthening without loss of ductility via electropulsing treatment in Ti–6Al–4V alloy. J Mater Eng Perform 27(7):3636–364210.1007/s11665-018-3466-8 ↗
23. Jue L, Yanli S, Lin H et al (2018) Thermal deformation behavior and processing maps of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet based on isothermal uniaxial tensile tests. J Alloys Compd 767:856–86910.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.173 ↗
24. Tang PF (1999) Phase transition temperature and measurement of titanium and titanium alloys. Prog Titan Ind 3:34–37 (In Chinese)
25. He W, Du XP, Ma HZ et al (2014) Measurement and analysis of phase change temperature of TC4 titanium alloy. Phys Test Chem Anal: PARTA:PHYS.TEST 50(7):461–464 (In Chinese)
26. Ma B, Zhao Y, Ma J et al (2013) Formation of local nanocrystalline structure in a boron steel induced by electropulsing. J Alloys Compd 549(2):77–8110.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.047 ↗
27. Ao D, Chu X, Yang Y et al (2018) Effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheet under argon gas protection. Vacuum 148:230–23810.1016/j.vacuum.2017.11.017 ↗
28. Guo JD, Wang XL, Dai WB (2015) Microstructure evolution in metals induced by high density electric current pulses. Mater Sci Technol 31(13):1545–155410.1179/1743284715Y.0000000001 ↗
29. Dolinsky Y, Elperin T (1993) Thermodynamics of phase transitions in current-carrying conductors. Phys Rev B 47(22):14778–1478510.1103/PhysRevB.47.14778 ↗
30. Dolinsky Y, Elperin T (1994) Thermodynamics of nucleation in current-carrying conductors. Phys Rev B 50(1):52–5810.1103/PhysRevB.50.52 ↗
31. Song H, Wang ZJ (2011) Grain refinement by means of phase transformation and recrystallization induced by electropulsing. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 21:s353–s35710.1016/S1003-6326(11)61605-1 ↗
32. Callister WD, Rethwisch DG (2004) Fundamentals of materials science and engineering. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
33. Liu ZC, Yuan ZX, Liu YC (2010) Solid phase transformation. China Machine Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
34. Gibbs GB, Graham D, Tomlin DH (1963) Diffusion in titanium and titanium—niobium alloys. Philos Mag 8(92):1269–128210.1080/14786436308207292 ↗
35. Jiang Y, Tang G, Guan L et al (2011) Effect of electropulsing treatment on solid solution behavior of an aged Mg alloy AZ61 strip. J Mater Res 23(10):2685–269110.1557/JMR.2008.0328 ↗
36. Yao Z, Guo H, Su Z et al (2000) Effect of microstructure and recrystallization and mechanical properties of two-phase (α + β) Ti alloy. Rare Met Mater Eng 29(5):340–343
37. Song ZM, Lei LM, Zhang B et al (2012) Microstructure dependent fatigue cracking resistance of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy. J Mater Sci Technol 28(7):614–62110.1016/S1005-0302(12)60106-6 ↗