Flexible Sandwich-Structured Co–Ni Alloy-Coated Basalt Fabrics via the Writing–Grafting–Activation–Deposition Process for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electrothermal Conversion

The proliferation of electronics and intensification of electromagnetic (EM) pollution have advanced exploration of high-performance flexible EM shielding materials. Herein, a writing–grafting–activation–deposition (WGAD) process for preparation of sandwich-structured Co–Ni alloy-coated basalt fabrics (BFs) is developed for acquiring excellent shielding performance. Benefiting from admirable electromagnetic properties of an electroless deposited Co–Ni alloy and interfacial porous structure induced by a laser, electromagnetic waves (EMWs) can be attenuated through dielectric loss, magnetic loss, and multiple reflections. The maximum total shielding effectiveness (SET) value of the designed fabric reaches 72.33 dB at the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) under conditions of a 1.8 W laser energy and 30 min deposition time. In addition, the designed fabric demonstrates outstanding electrothermal performance with commendable reliability and low driving voltage. Therefore, the as-prepared fabric through the WGAD process exhibits enormous prospects in applications of EMI shielding and wearable electronics.