Ionic liquid-induced graphitization of biochar: N/P dual-doped carbon nanosheets for high-performance lithium/sodium storage
Source abstract
Abstract
Biomass-derived graphitic carbon is becoming an attractive material for anodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs) owing to its sustainability. The graphitization of biochar by heating above 2600 °C not only requires high energy consumption but also removes heteroatoms that are conducive to electrochemical energy storage. In this study, graphitic carbon nanosheets with N/P-dual doping are facilely synthesized by one-step carbonization of pine sawdust at 800/1000/1200 °C that is priorly dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ([Bmim]H2PO4) and used as anodes of LIBs/SIBs, respectively. [Bmim]H2PO4 simultaneously promotes the graphitization and porosities of the biochar as carbonization temperature increases in addition to providing N/P-dual doping. Used as anodes of LIBs, IWC-1200 demonstrates excellent rate performance and cyclic stability, delivering 385 mAh g−1 at 1 Ag−1 throughout 1000 cycles. For sodium storage, IWC-1000 exhibits stable capacities of 217 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 101 mAh g−1 at 1 Ag−1. The electrochemical performances benefit from the graphitized structure with N/P-dual doping, leading to redox pseudocapacitance for lithium/sodium storage. DFT calculations suggest that pyridinic N strongly attracts both Li and Na while P atoms inside the graphitic structure significantly increase the interlayer spacing.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. Hong SY, Kim Y, Park Y, Choi A, Choi N-S, Lee KT (2013) Charge carriers in rechargeable batteries: Na ions versus Li ions. Energy Environ Sci 6:2067–2081. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee40811f10.1039/c3ee40811f ↗
2. Yang Z, Zhang J, Kintner-Meyer MC, Lu X, Choi D, Lemmon JP, Liu J (2011) Electrochemical energy storage for green grid. Chem Rev 111:3577–3613. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100290v10.1021/cr100290v ↗
3. Blomgren GE (2017) The development and future of lithium ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 164(1):A5019–A5025. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0251701jes10.1149/2.0251701jes ↗
4. Ellis BL, Nazar LF (2012) Sodium and sodium-ion energy storage batteries. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 16:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2012.04.00210.1016/j.cossms.2012.04.002 ↗
5. Pan L, Huang H, Liu T, Niederberger M (2019) Structurally disordered Ta2O5 aerogel for high-rate and highly stable Li-ion and Na-ion storage through surface redox pseudocapacitance. Electrochim Acta 321:134645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.13464510.1016/j.electacta.2019.134645 ↗
6. Lee SM, Kang DS, Roh JS (2015) Bulk graphite: materials and manufacturing process. Carbon Lett 16(3):135–146. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2015.16.3.13510.5714/CL.2015.16.3.135 ↗
7. Pillot C (2017) The rechargeable battery market and main trends 2016–2025. In: Talk at Advanced Automotive Battery Conference (AABC) Europe, Mainz.
8. Bai L-Z, Zhao D-L, Zhang T-M, Xie W-G, Zhang J-M, Shen Z-M (2013) A comparative study of electrochemical performance of graphene sheets, expanded graphite and natural graphite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 107:555–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.03210.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.032 ↗
9. Wang J, Nie P, Ding B, Dong SY, Hao XD, Dou H, Zhang XG (2017) Biomass derived carbon for energy storage device. J Mater Chem A 5:2411–2428. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA08742F10.1039/C6TA08742F ↗
10. Tian WQ, Gao QM, Tan YL, Li ZY (2017) Unusual interconnected graphitized carbon nanosheets as the electrode of high-rate ionic liquid-based supercapacitor. Carbon 119:287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.04.05010.1016/j.carbon.2017.04.050 ↗
11. Zhou XY, Chen F, Bai T, Long B, Liao QC, Ren YP, Yang J (2016) Interconnected highly graphitic carbon nanosheets derived from wheat stalk as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Green Chem 18:2078–2088. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5gc02122g10.1039/c5gc02122g ↗
12. Liu W-J, Jiang H, Yu H-Q (2019) Emerging applications of biochar-based materials for energy storage and conversion. Energy Environ Sci 12:1751–1779. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee00206e10.1039/c9ee00206e ↗
13. Tenhaeff WE, Rios O, More K, McGuire MA (2014) Highly robust lithium ion battery anodes from lignin: an abundant, renewable, and low-cost material. Adv Funct Mater 24:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20130142010.1002/adfm.201301420 ↗
14. Fromm O, Heckmann A, Rodehorst UC, Frerichs J, Becker D, Winter M, Placke T (2018) Carbons from biomass precursors as anode materials for lithium ion batteries: new insights into carbonization and graphitization behavior and into their correlation to electrochemical performance. Carbon 128:147–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.06510.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.065 ↗
15. Gong YN, Li DL, Luo CZ, Fu Q, Pan CX (2017) Highly porous graphitic biomass carbon as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors. Green Chem 19:4132–4140. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7gc01681f10.1039/c7gc01681f ↗
16. Liu YC, Liu QL, Gu JJ, Kang DM, Zhou FY, Zhang W, Wu Y, Zhang D (2013) Highly porous graphitic materials prepared by catalytic graphitization. Carbon 64:132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.04410.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.044 ↗
17. Wang L, Mu G, Tian CG, Sun L, Zhou W, Yu P, Yin J, Fu HG (2013) Porous graphitic carbon nanosheets derived from cornstalk biomass for advanced supercapacitors. Chemsuschem 6:880–889. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.20120099010.1002/cssc.201200990 ↗
18. Gutiérrez-Pardo A, Ramírez-Rico J, Cabezas-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Fernández J (2015) Effect of catalytic graphitization on the electrochemical behavior of wood derived carbons for use in supercapacitors. J Power Sources 278:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.03010.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.030 ↗
19. Chen RZ, Hu Y, Shen Z, He X, Cheng ZL, Pan P, Wu KS, Zhang XW, Tang ZY (2017) Highly mesoporous C nanofibers with graphitized pore walls fabricated via ZnCo2O4-induced activating-catalyzed-graphitization for long-life span lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 5:21679–21687. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05445a10.1039/c7ta05445a ↗
20. Yao Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang S, Dou S, Liu X (2017) Fabrication of hierarchical porous carbon nanoflakes for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:34944–34953. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b1059310.1021/acsami.7b10593 ↗
21. Huang S, Li Z, Wang B, Zhang J, Peng Z, Qi R, Wang J, Zhao Y (2018) N-doping and defective nanographitic domain coupled hard carbon nanoshells for high performance lithium/sodium storage. Adv Funct Mater 28:1706294. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20170629410.1002/adfm.201706294 ↗
22. Banek NA, Abele DT Jr, McKenzie KR, Wagner MJ (2018) Sustainable conversion of lignocellulose to high-purity, highly crystalline flake potato graphite. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:13199–13207. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b0279910.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02799 ↗
23. Dong K, Liu XM, Dong HF, Zhang XP, Zhang SJ (2017) Multiscale studies on ionic liquids. Chem Rev 117:6636–6695. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b0077610.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00776 ↗
24. Chen JQ, Yu Y, Zhu BJ et al (2020) Synthesis of biocompatible and highly fluorescent N-doped silicon quantum dots from wheat straw and ionic liquids for heavy metal detection and cell imaging. Sci Total Environ 48:14275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.14275410.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142754 ↗
25. Paraknowitsch JP, Zhang J, Su D, Thomas A, Antonietti M (2010) Ionic liquids as precursors for nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon. Adv Mater 22:87–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20090096510.1002/adma.200900965 ↗
26. Pham-Truong T-N, Petenzi T, Ranjan C, Randriamahazaka H, Ghilane J (2018) Microwave assisted synthesis of carbon dots in ionic liquid as metal free catalyst for highly selective production of hydrogen peroxide. Carbon 130:544–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.07010.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.070 ↗
27. Kresse G, Joubert D (1999) From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phys Rev B 59:1758–1775. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.175810.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758 ↗
28. Blöchl PE (1994) Projector augmented-wave method. Phys Rev B 50:17953–17979. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.50.1795310.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953 ↗
29. Perdew JP, Chevary JA, Vosko SH, Jackson KA, Pederson MR, Singh DJ, Fiolhais C (1992) Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. Phys Rev B 46:6671–6687. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.4978.210.1103/PhysRevB.48.4978.2 ↗
30. Monkhorst HJ, Pack JD (1976) Special points for brillouin-zone integrations. Phys Rev B 13:5188–5192. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.13.518810.1103/physrevb.13.5188 ↗
31. Dahn JR, Xing W, Gao Y (1997) The “falling cards model” for the structure of microporous carbons. Carbon 35:825–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00037-710.1016/s0008-6223(97)00037-7 ↗
32. Zhu HL, Shen F, Luo W, Zhu SZ, Zhao MH, Natarajan B, Dai JQ, Zhou LH, Ji XL, Yassar RS, Li T, Hu LB (2017) Low temperature carbonization of cellulose nanocrystals for high performance carbon anode of sodium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 33:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.01.02110.1016/j.nanoen.2017.01.021 ↗
33. Lotfabad EM, Ding J, Cui K, Kohandehghan A, Kalisvaart WP, Hazelton M, Mitlin D (2014) High density sodium and lithium ion battery anodes from banana peels. ACS Nano 8:7115–7129. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn502045y10.1021/nn502045y ↗
34. Jin JT, Qiao XC, Cui LF, Zhou F, Wu ZS, Cui LF, Fan HB (2017) Interconnected phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped porous exfoliated carbon nanosheets for high-rate supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Inter 9:17317–17325. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b0061710.1021/acsami.7b00617 ↗
35. Yang Y, Tang D-M, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Liang Q, Chen S, Weng Q, Zhou M, Xue Y, Liu J, Wu J, Cui QH, Lian C, Hou G, Yuan F, Bando Y, Golberg D, Wang X (2017) “Protrusions” or “holes” in graphene: which is the better choice for sodium ion storage? Energy Environ Sci 10:979–986. https://doi.org/10.1039/x0xx00000x10.1039/x0xx00000x ↗
36. Zheng FC, Yang Y, Chen QW (2014) High lithium anodic performance of highly nitrogen-doped porous carbon prepared from a metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 5:5261. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms626110.1038/ncomms6261 ↗
37. Cychosz KA, Guilletnicolas R, Garciamartinez J, Thommes M (2017) Recent advances in the textural characterization of hierarchically structured nanoporous materials. Chem Soc Rev 46:389–414. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00391e10.1039/c6cs00391e ↗
38. Yue X, Huang N, Jiang Z, Tian X, Wang Z, Hao X, Jiang Z (2018) Nitrogen-rich graphene hollow microspheres as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries with super-high cycling and rate performance. Carbon 130:574–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.05310.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.053 ↗
39. Qin D, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Xu G, Zhang F, Zhang X (2018) A sustainable route from corn stalks to N, P-dual doping carbon sheets toward high performance sodium-ion batteries anode. Carbon 130:664–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.00710.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.007 ↗
40. Li J, Qi H, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Q, Kong X, Huang J (2018) Constructing graphene-like nanosheets on porous carbon framework for promoted rate performance of Li-ion and Na-ion storage. Electrochim Acta 271:92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.14710.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.147 ↗
41. Jang BZ, Liu C, Neff D, Yu Z, Wang MC, Xiong W, Zhamu A (2011) Graphene surface-enabled lithium ion-exchanging cells: next-generation high-power energy storage devices. Nano Lett 11:3785–3791. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201849210.1021/nl2018492 ↗
42. Byon HR, Gallant BM, Lee SW, Shao-Horn Y (2013) Role of oxygen functional groups in carbon nanotube/graphene freestanding electrodes for high performance lithium batteries. Adv Funct Mater 23:1037–1045. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20120069710.1002/adfm.201200697 ↗
43. Wu N, Qiao X, Shen J, Liu G, Sun T, Wu H, Hou H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Ji X (2019) Anatase inverse opal TiO2-x@N-doped C induced the dominant pseudocapacitive effect for durable and fast lithium/sodium storage. Electrochim Acta 299:540–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.04010.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.040 ↗
44. Park CW, Yoon SH, Lee SI, Oh SM (2000) Li+ storage sites in non-graphitizable carbons prepared from methylnaphthalene-derived isotropic pitches. Carbon 38:995–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(99)00205-510.1016/s0008-6223(99)00205-5 ↗
45. Zhang X, Hu J, Chen X, Zhang M, Huang Q, Du X, Liu Y, Li X (2019) Microtubular carbon fibers derived from bamboo and wood as sustainable anodes for lithium and sodium ion batteries. J Porous Mater 26:1821–1830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-019-00781-310.1007/s10934-019-00781-3 ↗
46. Ru H, Bai N, Xiang K, Zhou W, Chen H, Zhao XS (2016) Porous carbons derived from microalgae with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 194:10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.08310.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.083 ↗
47. Wang J, Polleux J, Lim J, Dunn B (2007) Pseudocapacitive contributions to electrochemical energy storage in TiO2 (Anatase) Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 111:14925–14931. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp074464w10.1021/jp074464w ↗
48. Simon P, Gogotsi Y, Dunn B (2014) Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin? Science 343:1210–1211. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.124962510.1126/science.1249625 ↗
49. Guan D-C, Tian S, Sun Y-H, Deng F, Nan J-M, Ma G-Z, Cao Y-P (2019) Investigation of the electrochemical properties and kinetics of a novel SnFe2O4@nitrogen-doped carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 322:134722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.13472210.1016/j.electacta.2019.134722 ↗
50. Hassan FM, Chabot V, Elsayed AR, Xiao X, Chen Z (2014) Engineered Si electrode nanoarchitecture: a scalable postfabrication treatment for the production of next-generation Li-ion batteries. Nano Lett 14:277–283. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403943g10.1021/nl403943g ↗
51. Hu Z, Zhu Z, Cheng F, Zhang K, Wang J, Chen C, Chen J (2015) Pyrite FeS2 for high-rate and long-life rechargeable sodium batteries. Energ Environ Sci 8:1309–1316. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee03759f10.1039/c4ee03759f ↗
52. Yu L, Wei C, Yan Q, Xu ZJ (2015) Controlled synthesis of high-performance β-FeOOH anodes for lithium-ion batteries and their size effects. Nano Energy 13:397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.00310.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.003 ↗
53. Zhu J, Roscow J, Chandrasekaran S, Deng L, Zhang P, He T, Wang K, Huang L (2020) Biomass-derived carbons for sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion capacitors. Chemsuschem 13:1275–1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.20190268510.1002/cssc.201902685 ↗