journal article·2018-04

Differentiating between intergranular and transgranular fracture in polycrystalline aggregates

D. M. Bond, M. A. Zikry

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 53· Issue 8
Publisher page

Abstract

The competition between intergranular (IG) and transgranular (TG) fracture in fcc polycrystalline aggregates with physically representative GB misorientation distributions comprised of random low-angle, random high-angle, and coincident site lattice (CSL) GBs has been investigated. Physically-based critical conditions for IG fracture, due to the formation of dislocation pileups, and TG fracture, due to the propagation of cracks on cleavage planes, were coupled to a dislocation-density-based crystal plasticity formulation and a computational fracture scheme for crack branching to investigate how dislocation–GB interactions influence dislocation transmission, pileup formation, and local failure modes. The predictions indicate that aggregates with a large fraction of random and CSL high-angle GBs are dominated by IG fracture, as low GB transmission leads to extensive dislocation-density pileup formation and localized stress accumulations that induce IG fracture. Aggregates with a majority of low-angle GBs are dominated by TG failure, which is consistent with experimental observations. This investigation provides a fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms governing IG and TG fracture in polycrystalline aggregates.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and mechanical properties · Fatigue and fracture mechanics · Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (58)

Show source-provided references
1. Watanabe T (2011) Grain boundary engineering: historical perspective and future prospects. J Mater Sci 46:4095–4115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5393-z10.1007/s10853-011-5393-z ↗
2. Lee TC, Robertson IM, Birnbaum HK (1989) Prediction of slip transfer mechanisms across grain boundaries. Scr Metall 23:799–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(89)90534-610.1016/0036-9748(89)90534-6 ↗
3. Su J-Q, Demura M, Hirano T (2003) Mechanical behaviour of Σ3 boundaries in Ni3Al. Acta Mater 51:2505–2515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00047-810.1016/S1359-6454(03)00047-8 ↗
4. Zaefferer S, Kuo J-C, Zhao Z et al (2003) On the influence of the grain boundary misorientation on the plastic deformation of aluminum bicrystals. Acta Mater 51:4719–4735. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00259-310.1016/S1359-6454(03)00259-3 ↗
5. Kim T, Hong KT, Lee KS (2003) The relationship between the fracture toughness and grain boundary character distribution in polycrystalline NiAl. Intermetallics 11:33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00167-X10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00167-X ↗
6. Zhang ZF, Eckert ZGW (2003) What types of grain boundaries can be passed through by persistent slip bands? J Mater Res 18:1031–103410.1557/JMR.2003.0141 ↗
7. Robertson IM, Lee TC, Birnbaum HK (1992) Application of the in situ TEM deformation technique to observe how “clean” and doped grain boundaries respond to local stress concentrations. Ultramicroscopy 40:330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(92)90130-C10.1016/0304-3991(92)90130-C ↗
8. Miyamoto H, Koga H, Mimaki T, Hashimoto S (2001) Intergranular stress corrosion cracking of pure copper $$ \langle 111\rangle $$ tilt bicrystals. Interface Sci 9:281–286. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101516703000910.1023/A:1015167030009 ↗
9. Wang J-S, Anderson PM (1991) Fracture behavior of embrittled F.C.C. metal bicrystals. Acta Metall Mater 39:779–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(91)90278-910.1016/0956-7151(91)90278-9 ↗
10. Suzuki A, Gigliotti MFX, Subramanian PR (2011) Novel technique for evaluating grain boundary fracture strength in metallic materials. Scr Mater 64:1063–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.02.02410.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.02.024 ↗
11. Jin YJ, Lu H, Yu C, Xu JJ (2013) Study on grain boundary character and strain distribution of intergranular cracking in the CGHAZ of T23 steel. Mater Charact 84:216–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.08.00410.1016/j.matchar.2013.08.004 ↗
12. Lee TC, Robertson IM, Birnbaum HK (1992) Interaction of dislocations with grain boundaries in Ni3Al. Acta Metall Mater 40:2569–2579. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(92)90326-A10.1016/0956-7151(92)90326-A ↗
13. Wu Q, Zikry MA (2016) Microstructural modeling of transgranular and intergranular fracture in crystalline materials with coincident site lattice grain-boundaries: σ3 and σ17b bicrystals. Mater Sci Eng A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.02.03910.1016/j.msea.2016.02.039 ↗
14. Kobayashi S, Tsurekawa S, Watanabe T (2006) Structure-dependent triple junction hardening and intergranular fracture in molybdenum. Philos Mag 86:5419–542910.1080/14786430600672711 ↗
15. Watanabe T, Tsurekawa S (2004) Toughening of brittle materials by grain boundary engineering. Mater Sci Eng A 387:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.01.14010.1016/j.msea.2004.01.140 ↗
16. Randle V, Coleman M (2009) A study of low-strain and medium-strain grain boundary engineering. Acta Mater 57:3410–3421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.00210.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.002 ↗
17. Pan Y, Adams BL, Olson T, Panayotou N (1996) Grain-boundary structure effects on intergranular stress corrosion cracking of alloy X-750. Acta Mater 44:4685–4695. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00125-510.1016/S1359-6454(96)00125-5 ↗
18. Bechtle S, Kumar M, Somerday BP et al (2009) Grain-boundary engineering markedly reduces susceptibility to intergranular hydrogen embrittlement in metallic materials. Acta Mater 57:4148–4157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.01210.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.012 ↗
19. Gertsman VY, Bruemmer SM (2001) Study of grain boundary character along intergranular stress corrosion crack paths in austenitic alloys. Acta Mater 49:1589–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00064-710.1016/S1359-6454(01)00064-7 ↗
20. Ohfuji T, Suzuki S, Takaki S, Kimura H (1992) Low temperature fracture of high purity iron and its relationship to the grain boundary character. Mater Trans JIM 33:138–14210.2320/matertrans1989.33.138 ↗
21. Watanabe T, Tsurekawa S (1999) The control of brittleness and development of desirable mechanical properties in polycrystalline systems by grain boundary engineering. Acta Mater 47:4171–4185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00275-X10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00275-X ↗
22. Lin P, Palumbo G, Erb U, Aust KT (1995) Influence of grain boundary character distribution on sensitization and intergranular corrosion of alloy 600. Scr Metall Mater 33:1387–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00420-Z10.1016/0956-716X(95)00420-Z ↗
23. Aust KT, Erb U, Palumbo G (1994) Interface control for resistance to intergranular cracking. Mater Sci Eng A 176:329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90995-410.1016/0921-5093(94)90995-4 ↗
24. Palumbo G, Lehockey EM, Lin P, Erb U, Aust K (1996) A grain boundary engineering approach to materials reliability. MRS Proceedings 458:273. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-458-27310.1557/PROC-458-273 ↗
25. de Koning M, Kurtz RJ, Bulatov VV et al (2003) Modeling of dislocation–grain boundary interactions in FCC metals. J Nucl Mater 323:281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.00810.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.008 ↗
26. Sangid MD, Ezaz T, Sehitoglu H, Robertson IM (2011) Energy of slip transmission and nucleation at grain boundaries. Acta Mater 59:283–29610.1016/j.actamat.2010.09.032 ↗
27. Abuzaid WZ, Sangid MD, Carroll JD et al (2012) Slip transfer and plastic strain accumulation across grain boundaries in Hastelloy X. J Mech Phys Solids 60:1201–1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2012.02.00110.1016/j.jmps.2012.02.001 ↗
28. Lagow B, Robertson I, Jouiad M et al (2001) Observation of dislocation dynamics in the electron microscope. Mater Sci Eng A 309:445–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01699-310.1016/S0921-5093(00)01699-3 ↗
29. Armstrong DEJ, Wilkinson AJ, Roberts SG (2011) Micro-mechanical measurements of fracture toughness of bismuth embrittled copper grain boundaries. Philos Mag Lett 91:394–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2011.57381310.1080/09500839.2011.573813 ↗
30. Gourgues A-F (2002) Electron backscatter diffraction and cracking. Mater Sci Technol 18:119–13310.1179/026708301125000320 ↗
31. Kacher J, Eftink BP, Cui B, Robertson IM (2014) Dislocation interactions with grain boundaries. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 18:227–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2014.05.00410.1016/j.cossms.2014.05.004 ↗
32. Liu GS, House SD, Kacher J et al (2014) Electron tomography of dislocation structures. Mater Charact 87:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.09.01610.1016/j.matchar.2013.09.016 ↗
33. Bond GM, Robertson IM, Birnbaum HK (1987) Effect of boron on the mechanism of strain transfer across grain boundaries in Ni3Al. J Mater Res 2:436–440. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1987.043610.1557/JMR.1987.0436 ↗
34. Zikry MA (1994) An accurate and stable algorithm for high strain-rate finite strain plasticity. Comput Struct 50:337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)90004-310.1016/0045-7949(94)90004-3 ↗
35. Ziaei S, Zikry MA (2015) Modeling the effects of dislocation–density interaction, generation, and recovery on the behavior of H.C.P materials. Metall Mater Trans A 46:4478–4490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2635-010.1007/s11661-014-2635-0 ↗
36. Asaro RJ, Rice JR (1977) Strain localization in ductile single crystals. J Mech Phys Solids 25:309–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(77)90001-110.1016/0022-5096(77)90001-1 ↗
37. Franciosi P, Berveiller M, Zaoui A (1980) Latent hardening in copper and aluminium single crystals. Acta Metall 28:273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(80)90162-510.1016/0001-6160(80)90162-5 ↗
38. Zikry MA, Kao M (1996) Dislocation based multiple-slip crystalline constitutive formulation for finite-strain plasticity. Scr Mater 34:1115–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-6462(95)00629-X10.1016/1359-6462(95)00629-X ↗
39. Shanthraj P, Zikry MA (2011) Dislocation density evolution and interactions in crystalline materials. Acta Mater 59:7695–7702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.04110.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.041 ↗
40. Lim LC, Raj R (1985) Continuity of slip screw and mixed crystal dislocations across bicrystals of nickel at 573 K. Acta Metall 33:1566–1583
41. Ma A, Roters F, Raabe D (2006) Studying the effect of grain boundaries in dislocation density based crystal-plasticity finite element simulations. Int J Solids Struct 43:7287–7303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.07.00610.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.07.006 ↗
42. Shantraj P, Zikry MA (2013) Microstructurally induced fracture nucleation and propagation in martensitic steels. J Mech Phys Solids 61:1091–110510.1016/j.jmps.2012.11.006 ↗
43. Scardia L, Peerlings RHJ, Peletier MA, Geers MGD (2014) Mechanics of dislocation pile-ups: a unification of scaling regimes. J Mech Phys Solids 70:42–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2014.04.01410.1016/j.jmps.2014.04.014 ↗
44. Tesař K, Jäger A (2014) Electron backscatter diffraction analysis of the crack development induced by uniaxial tension in commercially pure titanium. Mater Sci Eng A 616:155–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.02810.1016/j.msea.2014.08.028 ↗
45. Wan VVC, Cuddihy MA, Jiang J et al (2016) An HR-EBSD and computational crystal plasticity investigation of microstructural stress distributions and fatigue hotspots in polycrystalline copper. Acta Mater 115:45–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.03310.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.033 ↗
46. Wu Q, Zikry MA (2014) Microstructural modeling of crack nucleation and propagation in high strength martensitic steels. Int J Solids Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.08.02110.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.08.021 ↗
47. Hansbo A, Hansbo P (2004) A finite element method for the simulation of strong and weak discontinuities in solid mechanics. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 193:3523–3540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.04110.1016/j.cma.2003.12.041 ↗
48. Rezvanian O, Zikry MA, Rajendran AM (2008) Microstructural modeling in f.c.c. crystalline materials in a unified dislocation-density framework. Mater Sci Eng A 494:80–8510.1016/j.msea.2007.10.091 ↗
49. Wo P, Ngan AHW (2004) Investigation of slip transmission behavior across grain boundaries in polycrystalline Ni3Al using nanoindentation. J Mater Res 19:189–201. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.18910.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.189 ↗
50. Kobayashi S, Maruyama T, Saito S et al (2014) In situ observations of crack propagation and role of grain boundary microstructure in nickel embrittled by sulfur. J Mater Sci 49:4007–4017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8056-z10.1007/s10853-014-8056-z ↗
51. Lee TC, Robertson IM, Birnbaum HK (1989) An HVEM In situ deformation study of nickel doped with sulfur. Acta Metall 37:407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(89)90225-310.1016/0001-6160(89)90225-3 ↗
52. Watanabe T (1994) The impact of grain boundary character distribution on fracture in polycrystals. Mater Sci Eng A 176:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90957-110.1016/0921-5093(94)90957-1 ↗
53. Tromans D, Sun RH (1996) Intergranular/transgranular fatigue of copper: influence of environment on crack path and propagation rates. Mater Sci Eng A 219:56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(96)10422-610.1016/S0921-5093(96)10422-6 ↗
54. Patriarca L, Abuzaid W, Sehitoglu H, Maier HJ (2013) Slip transmission in bcc FeCr polycrystal. Mater Sci Eng A 588:308–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.08.05010.1016/j.msea.2013.08.050 ↗
55. Zhang L, Lu C, Tieu K (2016) A review on atomistic simulation of grain boundary behaviors in face-centered cubic metals. Comput Mater Sci 118:180–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.03.02110.1016/j.commatsci.2016.03.021 ↗
56. Kumar K, Van Swygenhoven H, Suresh S (2003) Mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals and alloys. Acta Mater 51:5743–5774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.03210.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.032 ↗
57. Lim LC, Watanabe T (1990) Fracture toughness and brittle-ductile transition controlled by grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) in polycrystals. Acta Metall Mater 38:2507–2516. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(90)90262-F10.1016/0956-7151(90)90262-F ↗
58. Watanabe T, Fujii H, Oikawa H, Arai KI (1989) Grain boundaries in rapidly solidified and annealed Fe-6.5 mass% Si polycrystalline ribbons with high ductility. Acta Metall 37:941–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(89)90021-710.1016/0001-6160(89)90021-7 ↗