Effect of chromium content on precipitation in Cu–Cr–Zr alloys
Source abstract
Abstract
The phase content and the strengthening of two copper alloys, 0.1Cr–0.1Zr and 0.9Cr–0.1Zr, subjected to aging treatments were studied. The size of second phase particles and the strengthening mechanism depended remarkably on the chromium content. The strengthening of the 0.9Cr–0.1Zr alloy in the peak aged conditions was mainly attributed to the uniform dispersion of tiny shearable Cr-rich particles with a size of about 3–4.5 nm and the Nishiyama–Wassermann orientation relationship. In contrast, the microstructure of the peak aged conditions of the 0.1Cr–0.1Zr alloy was characterized by the dispersion of relatively large Cr particles with a size of about 8–10 nm, which resulted in the strengthening accordingly Orowan mechanism. The reasons for the difference in the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution and the morphology of particles are discussed.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and mechanical properties · Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. Tang NY, Taplin DMR, Dunlop GL (1985) Precipitation and aging in high-conductivity Cu–Cr alloys with additions of zirconium and magnesium. Mater Sci Technol 1:270–275. https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1985.1.4.27010.1179/mst.1985.1.4.270 ↗
2. Batra IS, Dey GK, Kulkarni UD, Banerjee S (2001) Microstructure and properties of a Cu–Cr–Zr alloy. J Nucl Mater 299:91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00691-210.1016/S0022-3115(01)00691-2 ↗
3. Fuxiang H, Jusheng M, Honglong N, Zhiting G, Chao L, Shumei G, Xuetao Y, Tao W, Hong L, Huafen L (2003) Analyses of phases in a Cu–Cr–Zr alloy. Scr Mater 48:97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00353-610.1016/S1359-6462(02)00353-6 ↗
4. Bodyakova A, Pilipenko A, Lugovskaya A, Belyakov A, Kaibyshev R (2021) Thermal stability of gradient microstructure in a low-alloyed Cu-Cr-Zr alloy. Mater Lett 304:130531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.13053110.1016/j.matlet.2021.130531 ↗
5. Purcek G, Yanar H, Demirtas M, Shangina DV, Bochvar NR, Dobatkin SV (2020) Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of ultrafine-grained Cu–Cr–Zr alloy processed by high pressure torsion. J All Comp 816:152675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.15267510.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152675 ↗
6. Aksenov DA, Raab GI, Asfandiyarov RN, Semenov VI, Shuster LS (2020) Effect of Cd and SPD on structure, physical, mechanical, and operational properties of alloy of Cu-Cr-Zr. Rev Adv Mater Sci 59(1):506–513. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-004510.1515/rams-2020-0045 ↗
7. Morozova AI, Belyakov AN, Kaibyshev RO (2021) Effect of deformation temperature on formation of ultrafine-grained structure in the age-hardenable Cu–Cr–Zr alloy. Phys Metals Metallog 122(1):60–66. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X2101008710.1134/S0031918X21010087 ↗
8. Chibihi A, Sauvage X, Blavette D (2012) Atomic scale investigation of Cr precipitation in copper. Acta Mater 60:4575–4585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.03810.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.038 ↗
9. Lin GB, Wang ZD, Zhang MK, Zhang H, Zhao M (2011) Heat treatment method for making highstrength and conductivity Cu–Cr–Zr alloy. Mater Sci Technol 27:966–969. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708310X1281599241821010.1179/026708310X12815992418210 ↗
10. Zhilyaev AP, Morozova A, Cabrera JM, Kaibyshev R, Langdon TG (2017) Wear resistance and electroconductivity in a Cu–0.3 Cr–0.5 Zr alloy processed by ECAP. J Mater Sci 52(1):305–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0331-8.10.1007/s10853-016-0331-8 ↗
11. Peng H, Xie W, Chen H, Wang H, Yang B (2021) Effect of micro-alloying element Ti on mechanical properties of Cu–Cr alloy. J All Comp 852:157004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15700410.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157004 ↗
12. Huang Z, Shi R, Xiao X, Fu H, Chen Q, Xie J (2021) Mechanism investigation on high-performance Cu-Cr-Ti alloy via integrated computational materials engineering. Mater Today Com 27:102378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.10237810.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102378 ↗
13. Sun Y, Peng L, Huang G, Xie H, Mi X, Liu X (2020) Effects of Mg addition on the microstructure and softening resistance of Cu–Cr alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 776: 139009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139009.10.1016/j.msea.2020.139009 ↗
14. Zeng H, Sui H, Wu S, Liu J, Wang H, Zhang J, Yang B (2021) Evolution of the microstructure and properties of a Cu–Cr-(Mg) Alloy upon thermomechanical treatment. J All Comp 857:157582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15758210.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157582 ↗
15. Fujii T, Nakazawa H, Kato M, Dahnem U (2000) Crystallography and morfology of nanosized Cr particles in a Cu–0.2%Cr alloy. Acta Mater 48:1033–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00411-510.1016/S1359-6454(99)00411-5 ↗
16. Correia JB, Davies HA, Sellars CM (1997) Strengthening in rapidly solidified and hardened Cu–Cr and Cu–Cr–Zr alloys. Acta Mater 45:177–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00142-510.1016/S1359-6454(96)00142-5 ↗
17. Singh RP, Lawley A, Friedman S, Murty YV (1991) Microstructure and properties of spray cast Cu-Zr alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 145:243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90254-K10.1016/0921-5093(91)90254-K ↗
18. Peng L, Xie H, Huang G, Li Y, Yin X, Feng X (2015) The phase transformation and its effects on properties of a Cu− 0.12 wt% Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 145:28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.02.07710.1016/j.msea.2015.02.077 ↗
19. Zel’dovich VI, Dobatkin SV, Frolova NY, Khomskaya IV, Kheifets AE, Shorokhov EV, Nasonov PA (2016) Mechanical properties and the structure of chromium–zirconium bronze after dynamic channel-angular pressing and subsequent aging. Phys Metals Metallog 117(1):74–82. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X1601012910.1134/S0031918X16010129 ↗
20. Wang K, Liu K-F, Zhang J-B (2014) Microstructure and properties of aging Cu–Cr–Zr alloy. Rare Met 33:134–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-014-0244-010.1007/s12598-014-0244-0 ↗
21. Cheng JY, Shen B, Yu FX (2013) Precipitation in a CuCrZrMg alloy during aging. Mater Character 81:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.04.00810.1016/j.matchar.2013.04.008 ↗
22. Williams RO (1960) Precipitation process in Cu-Cr alloys. Trans ASM 52:530–538
23. Knights RW, Wilkes P (1973) Precipitation of chromium in copper and copper-nickel base alloys. Metall Trans 4:2389–2393. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0266938010.1007/BF02669380 ↗
24. Weatherly GC, Humble P, Borland D (1979) Precipitation in a Cu–0.55wt%Cr alloy. Acta Mater 27:1815–1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(79)90072-510.1016/0001-6160(79)90072-5 ↗
25. Zhou HT, Zhong JW, Zhou X, Zhao ZK, Li QB (2008) Microstructure and properties of Cu–1.0Cr–0.2Zr–0.03Fe alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 498:225–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.07.06110.1016/j.msea.2008.07.061 ↗
26. Kawakatsu I, Suzuki H, Kitano H (1967) Properties of high zirconium copper-zirconium-chromium alloys and isothermal diagram at the copper-rich corner. J Jpn Inst Met 31:1253–125710.2320/jinstmet1952.31.11_1253 ↗
27. Holzwarth U, Stamm H (2000) The precipitation behaviour of ITER-grade Cu-Cr-Zr alloyafter simulating the thermal cycle of hot isostatic pressing. J Nucl Mater 279:31–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00285-810.1016/S0022-3115(99)00285-8 ↗
28. Lou MYW, Grant NJ (1984) Identification of Cu5Zr phase in Cu-Zralloys. Metall Trans A 15:1491–149310.1007/BF02648579 ↗
29. Watanabe C, Monzen R, Tazaki K (2008) Mechanical properties of Cu–Cr system alloys with and without Zr and Ag. J Mater Sci 43:813–819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2159-810.1007/s10853-007-2159-8 ↗
30. Vitek JM (1976) Ellectron microprobe investigation of the intermediate phases in the Cu-Zr system. Z Metallkd 67:559–563. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1976-67081010.1515/ijmr-1976-670810 ↗
31. Chembarisova RG, Galaktionova AV, Yamileva AM (2021) Evolution of Secondary Phase Particles in Cu–Cr–Zr Alloys with an extremely low concentration of solid solution during thermomechanical treatment. Phys Metals Metallog 122(1):40–46. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X2101002610.1134/S0031918X21010026 ↗
32. Donachje MJ (1963) Investigation of copper-rich portion of copper-zirconium phase diagram by electron-probe microanalysis. J Inst Met 92:180–185
33. Su JH, Liu P, Li HJ, Ren FZ, Dong QM (2007) Phase transformation in Cu–Cr–Zr–Mg alloy. Mater Lett 61:4963–4966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.08510.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.085 ↗
34. Su JH, Dong QM, Liu P, Li HJ, Kang BX (2005) Research on aging precipitation in a Cu–Cr–Zr–Mg alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 392:422–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.04110.1016/j.msea.2004.09.041 ↗
35. Mu SG, Guo FA, Tang YQ, Cao XM, Tang MT (2008) Study on microstructure and properties of agedCu–Cr–Zr–Mg–RE alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 475:235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.05610.1016/j.msea.2007.04.056 ↗
36. Wang J, Zhang HT, Fu HD, Xie JX (2021) Effect of Cr content on microstructure and properties of aged Cu–Cr–P alloys. Trans Nonfer Met Soc China 31(1):232–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65490-510.1016/S1003-6326(20)65490-5 ↗
37. Zel’dovich VI, Dobatkin SV, Frolova NY, Khomskaya IV, Kheifets AE, Shorokhov EV, Nasonov PA (2016) Mechanical properties and the structure of chromium–zirconium bronze after dynamic channel-angular pressing and subsequent aging. Phys Metal Metallog 117(1):74–82. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X1601012910.1134/S0031918X16010129 ↗
38. Khomskaya IV, Zel’Dovich VI, Shorokhov EV, Frolova NY, Kheifets AE, Dyakina VP (2017) Effect of high-rate deformation on the structure, the properties, and the thermal stability of copper alloyed with chromium and zirconium. Rus Metallurg (Metally) 10:851–857. https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602951710010X10.1134/S003602951710010X ↗
39. Morozova A, Mishnev R, Belyakov A, Kaibyshev R (2018) Microstructure and properties of fine grained Cu-Cr-Zr alloys after termo-mechanical treatments. Rev Adv Mater Sci 54(1):56–92. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-002010.1515/rams-2018-0020 ↗
40. Ahmadi MR, Sonderegger B, Povoden-Karadeniz E, Falahati A, Kozeschnik E (2014) Precipitate strengthening of non-spherical precipitates extended in <100> or 100 direction in fcc crystals. Mater Sci Eng A 590:262–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.04310.1016/j.msea.2013.10.043 ↗
41. Sonderegger B, Kozeschnik E (2012) Particle strengthening in fcc crystals with prolate and oblate precipitates. Scr Mater 66:52–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.00310.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.003 ↗
42. Kendig KL, Miracle DB (2002) Strengthening mechanisms of an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy. Acta Mater 50:4165–4175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00258-610.1016/S1359-6454(02)00258-6 ↗
43. Hull D, Bacon DJ (1984) Introduction to dislocations, 3rd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford
44. Ahmadi MR, Povoden-Karadeniz E, Whitmore L, Stockinger M, Falahati A, Kozeschnik E (2014) Yield strength prediction in Nibase alloy 718Plus based on thermokinetic precipitation simulation. Mater Sci Eng A 608:114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.04.05410.1016/j.msea.2014.04.054 ↗
45. Nembach F (1983) Precipitation hardening caused by a difference in shear modulus between particle and matrix. Phys Stat Solid A 78:571–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.221078022310.1002/pssa.2210780223 ↗
46. Kocks UF, Mecking H (2003) Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: the FCC case. Prog Mater Sci 48:171–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(02)00003-810.1016/S0079-6425(02)00003-8 ↗
47. Holzner I, Kozeschnik E (2010) Computer simulation of the yield strength evolution in Cu-precipitation strengthened ferritic steel. Mater Sci Eng A 527:3546–3551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.02.03210.1016/j.msea.2010.02.032 ↗
48. Ahmadi MR, Povoden-Karadeniz E, Oksuz KI, Falahati A, Kozeschnik E (2014) A model for precipitation strengthening in multi-particle systems. Comp Mater Sci 91:173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.04.02510.1016/j.commatsci.2014.04.025 ↗
49. Buschow KV, Van Engen PG, Jongebreur R (1983) Magneto-optical properties of metallic ferromagnetic materials. J Magn Magn Mater 38(1):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(83)90097-510.1016/0304-8853(83)90097-5 ↗
50. Matthiessen A, Vogt C (1864) IV. On the influence of temperature on the electric conducting-power of alloys. Philos Trans R Soc 154 (1864):167–200. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1864.0004.10.1098/rstl.1864.0004 ↗
51. Su J, Liu P, Li H, Ren F, Dong Q (2007) Phase transformation in Cu–Cr–Zr–Mg alloy. Mater Let 61(27):4963–4966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.08510.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.085 ↗
52. Wang J, Kou HC, Gu XF, Li J S, Xing L Q, Hu R, Zhou L (2009) On discussion of the applicability of local Avrami exponent: errors and solutions. Mater Let 63(13–14):1153–1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.01.02710.1016/j.matlet.2009.01.027 ↗
53. Li Y, Yang B, Zhang P, Ni Y, Yuan X, Le Q, Li Y (2021) Cu-Cr-Mg alloy with both high strength and high electrical conductivity manufactured by powder metallurgy process. Mater Today Com 27:102266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.10226610.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102266 ↗
54. Butrymowicz DB, Manning JR, Read ME (1975) Diffusion in copper and copper alloys. Part III. Diffusion in systems involving elements of the groups IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, and VIIB. J Phys Chem Ref Data 4(1):177–250. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555516.10.1063/1.555516 ↗
55. Gottstein G (2004) Physical foundations of materials science, 1st edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin10.1007/978-3-662-09291-0 ↗
56. Deschamps A, Brechet Y (1998) Influence of predeformation and ageing of an Al–Zn–Mg alloy—II. Modeling of precipitation kinetics and yield stress. Acta Mater 47(1):293–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00296-1.10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00296-1 ↗
57. Lyakishev NP, Bannykh OA (1996) Phase diagrams of binary metallic systems: a handbook, 1st edn. Mechanical Engineering, Moscow
58. Wu S, Wang J, Zhong S, Zhang J, Wang H, Yang B (2019) Effect of trace Mg addition on precipitation behavior and properties of Cu-Cr alloy. Chin J Mater Res 33(7):552–560. https://doi.org/10.11901/1005.3093.2018.596.10.11901/1005.3093.2018.596 ↗
59. Sheibani S, Heshmati-Manesh S, Ataie A, Caballero A, Criado JM (2014) Spinodal decomposition and precipitation in Cu–Cr nanocomposite. J All Comp 587:670–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.01910.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.019 ↗
60. Smith WF, Hashemi J (2003) Foundations of materials science and engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York (USA)
61. Harrell TJ, Topping TD, Wen H, Hu T, Schoenung JM, Lavernia EJ (2014) Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms in an ultrafine grained Al-Mg-Sc alloy produced by powder metallurgy. Metal Mater Trans A 45(13):6329–6343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2569-610.1007/s11661-014-2569-6 ↗
62. Schneibel JH, Heilmaier M (2014) Hall-Petch breakdown at elevated temperatures. Mater Trans 55(1):44–51. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MA20130910.2320/matertrans.MA201309 ↗
63. Russell KC, Brown LM (1972) A dispersion strengthening model based on differing elastic moduli applied to the iron-copper system. Acta Metall 20(7):969–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(72)90091-010.1016/0001-6160(72)90091-0 ↗