Research status of tribological properties optimization of high-entropy alloys: a review
Source abstract
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, thermodynamic stability, tribological properties, and corrosion resistance. In this paper, the tribological properties of HEAs were reviewed, including definition and preparation method of HEAs, testing and characterization method of tribological properties, influence of HEAs components on tribological properties, and anti-wear effect of process optimization. Firstly, the definition of HEAs and the enhancement of high-entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, delayed diffusion effect, and “cocktail” effect were briefly introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of current smelting and powder metallurgy methods were summarized, and various additive manufacturing techniques were discussed for preparing HEAs coatings. Secondly, the testing techniques and characterization methods of tribological properties of alloys were introduced. According to different wear mechanisms, the wear was classified as abrasive wear, adhesive wear, fatigue wear, corrosion wear, and oxidation wear. The research on reactive wear reduction, a new hotspot, was emphatically discussed. Furthermore, the influence of various metal elements and non-metal elements B, C, N, O, and Si in HEAs on tribological properties was analyzed, as well as the anti-wear mechanisms in the doped hard phases and self-lubricating phases. Meanwhile, the strengthening effects of surface remelting, heat treatment, and surface ceramization on the wear resistance of HEAs were reviewed. Finally, although some achievements have been made so far, there are still many challenges in the development of wear resistance for HEAs, and suggestions for future research directions were presented.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: High Entropy Alloys Studies · High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Wang Y-Z, Wang Y-J (2022) Disentangling diffusion heterogeneity in high-entropy alloys. Acta Mater 224:11752710.1016/j.actamat.2021.117527 ↗
2. Qiu X-W, Liu C-G (2013) Microstructure and properties of Al2CrFeCoCuTiNix high-entropy alloys prepared by laser cladding. J Alloy Compd 553:216–22010.1016/j.jallcom.2012.11.100 ↗
3. Sheng GUO (2011) Liu CT Phase stability in high entropy alloys: formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase. Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 21(6):433–44610.1016/S1002-0071(12)60080-X ↗
4. Qiu X-W, Zhang Y-P, He Li, Liu C-g (2013) Microstructure and corrosion resistance of AlCrFeCuCo high entropy alloy. J Alloy Compd 549:195–19910.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.091 ↗
5. Peng S, Jin Ke, Yi X, Dong Z, Guo X, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Jia N, Duan H, Xue J (2022) Mechanical behavior of the HfNbZrTi high entropy alloy after ion irradiation based on micro-pillar compression tests. J Alloy Compd 892:16204310.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162043 ↗
6. Tariq NH, Naeem M, Hasan BA, Akhter JI, Siddique M (2013) Effect of W and Zr on structural, thermal and magnetic properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy. J Alloy Compd 556:79–8510.1016/j.jallcom.2012.12.095 ↗
7. Otto F, Yang Y, Bei H, George EP (2013) Relative effects of enthalpy and entropy on the phase stability of equiatomic high-entropy alloys. Acta Mater 61(7):2628–263810.1016/j.actamat.2013.01.042 ↗
8. Ming-xing REN, Bang-sheng LI, Heng-zhi FU (2013) Formation condition of solid solution type high-entropy alloy. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 23(4):991–99510.1016/S1003-6326(13)62557-1 ↗
9. Qi Wu, Wang W, Xiao Yang Lu, Xie JZ, Li D, Zhang Y (2022) Effect of Zr on phase separation, mechanical and corrosion behavior of heterogeneous CoCrFeNiZrx high-entropy alloy. J Mater Sci Technol 109:76–8510.1016/j.jmst.2021.08.062 ↗
10. Zhiqiang F, Weiping C, Huaqiang X, Liwei Z, Dezhi Z, Shaofeng Y (2013) Fabrication and properties of nanocrystalline Co0.5FeNiCrTi0.5 high entropy alloy by MA–SPS technique. Mater Des 44:535–53910.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.048 ↗
11. Leonardo Israel Farfan-Cabrera (2019) Tribology of electric vehicles: a review of critical components, current state and future improvement trends. Tribol Int 138:473–48610.1016/j.triboint.2019.06.029 ↗
12. Ping L, Honor EP, Robert JKW, Terry JH, Nicholas RH (2021) Early wear detection and its significance for condition monitoring. Tribol Int 159:10694610.1016/j.triboint.2021.106946 ↗
13. Rosenkranz A, Costa HL, Baykara MZ, Martini A (2021) Synergetic effects of surface texturing and solid lubricants to tailor friction and wear–a review. Tribol Int 155:10679210.1016/j.triboint.2020.106792 ↗
14. Chao JL, Cheng LW, Mu LL, Ying GX, Wei JL, Ji JY, Xin L, Chong L, Sheng FZ (2022) Effect of different durations on the microstructure and tribological behavior of (Co1.5FeNi)90Ti6Al4 high entropy alloy. Vacuum 195:11067710.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110677 ↗
15. Ming-Hao C, Ming-Hung T, Woei-Ren W, Su-Jien L, Jien-Wei Y (2011) Microstructure and wear behavior of AlxCo1.5CrFeNi1.5Tiy high-entropy alloys. Acta Materialia 59(16):6308–631710.1016/j.actamat.2011.06.041 ↗
16. Dada M, Popoola P, Mathe N, Pityana S, Adeosun S (2022) In-situ reactive synthesis and characterization of a high entropy alloy coating by laser metal deposition. Int J Lightweight Mater Manuf 5(1):11–19
17. Hui Z, Yizhu H, Ye P (2013) Enhanced hardness and fracture toughness of the laser-solidified FeCoNiCrCuTiMoAlSiB0.5 high-entropy alloy by martensite strengthening. Scripta Materialia 69(4):342–34510.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.05.020 ↗
18. Zhang H, Pan Ye, He Y, Jiao H (2011) Microstructure and properties of 6FeNiCoSiCrAlTi high-entropy alloy coating prepared by laser cladding. Appl Surf Sci 257(6):2259–226310.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.084 ↗
19. Garg M, Grewal HS, Sharma RK, Gwalani B, Arora HS (2023) Circumventing strength-ductility paradox in high entropy alloys through deformation processing. J Alloy Compd 933:16775010.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167750 ↗
20. Hui L, Jinxin H, Zhiqiang C, Li J (2023) Interesting ‘island-like’ microstructure and tribological evaluation of Al15CrFeNiWTi05 high entropy alloy coating manufactured by laser cladding. Tribol Int 179:10817110.1016/j.triboint.2022.108171 ↗
21. Li X, Li H, Li Q, Jin C, Hua Ke, Wang H (2022) The determining role of Al addition on tribology properties and oxidation behavior at elevated temperatures of TiZrHfNb refractory high-entropy alloy. Mater Charact 189:11192110.1016/j.matchar.2022.111921 ↗
22. Qiong W, Ke H, Ziqi Z, Fan Z, Hongxing W, Qing Z, Haifeng W (2023) Revealing the B addition on tribology performance in TiZrHfTa0.5 refractory high-entropy alloy at ambient and elevated temperature. J Alloys Compd 931:16752110.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167521 ↗
23. Ge Z, Khashayar K, Shan H, Xiaosong L, Dapeng Z, Hong W, Yuankui C, Bin L, Qianli H (2023) Dual-structured oxide coatings with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation on Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf high-entropy alloy. Surf Coat Technol 5:129254
24. Chavan A, Mandal S, Roy M (2023) Cobalt free refractory high entropy alloys for total joint arthroplasty: In-vitro wear, corrosion and cytocompatibility evaluation. J Alloy Compd 938:16849910.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168499 ↗
25. Chen B, Zhuo L (2023) Latest progress on refractory high entropy alloys: Composition, fabrication, post processing, performance, simulation and prospect. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 110:10599310.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105993 ↗
26. Yeh JW, Chen SK, Lin SJ, Gan JY, Chin TS, Shun TT, Tsau CH, Chang SY (2004) Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: novel alloy design concepts and outcomes. Adv Eng Mater 6(5):299–30310.1002/adem.200300567 ↗
27. Zhang Y, Zhou YJ, Lin JP et al (2008) Solid-solution phase formation rules for multi-component alloys. Adv Eng Mater 10:534–53810.1002/adem.200700240 ↗
28. Yeh JW (2006) Recent progress in high entropy alloys. Annales De Chimie-Science Des Materiaux 31:633–64810.3166/acsm.31.633-648 ↗
29. Miracle DB, Senkov ON (2017) A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. Acta Mater 122:448–51110.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.081 ↗
30. Yeh JW (2013) Alloy design strategies and future trends in high-entropy alloys. JOM 65(12):1759–177110.1007/s11837-013-0761-6 ↗
31. Ye YF, Wang Q, Lu J, Liu CT, Yang Y (2015) Design of high entropy alloys: A single-parameter thermodynamic rule. Scripta Mater 104:53–5510.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.03.023 ↗
32. Ma D, Grabowski B, Körmann F, Neugebauer J, Raabe D (2015) Ab initio thermodynamics of the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy: importance of entropy contributions beyond the configurational one. Acta Mater 100:90–9710.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.050 ↗
33. Kube SA, Schroers J (2020) Metastability in high entropy alloys. Scripta Mater 186:392–40010.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.049 ↗
34. Zhou Q, Yin Du, Han W, Jia Q, Deng Y, Wang H (2020) Identifying the high entropy effect on plastic dynamics in bulk metallic glasses: a nanoindentation study at room and elevated temperatures. Mater Des 189:10850010.1016/j.matdes.2020.108500 ↗
35. Zhao YJ, Qiao JW, Ma SG, Gao MC, Yang HJ, Chen MW, Zhang Y (2016) A hexagonal close-packed high-entropy alloy: the effect of entropy. Mater Des 96:10–1510.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.149 ↗
36. Lu ZP, Wang H, Chen MW, Baker I, Yeh JW, Liu CT, Nieh TG (2015) An assessment on the future development of high-entropy alloys: summary from a recent workshop. Intermetallics 66:67–7610.1016/j.intermet.2015.06.021 ↗
37. Wang Z, Fang Q, Li J, Liu B, Liu Y (2018) Effect of lattice distortion on solid solution strengthening of BCC high-entropy alloys. J Mater Sci Technol 34(2):349–35410.1016/j.jmst.2017.07.013 ↗
38. Fanchao M, Wenyan Z, Zhukun Z, Ruixin S, Andrew C-PC, Chongchong W, Hailiang H, Shangzhou Z, Hua Z, Lilong Z, Liang J, Peter KL, Shuying C, Yang T (2021) Charge transfer effect on local lattice distortion in a HfNbTiZr high entropy alloy. Scripta Materialia 203:11410410.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114104 ↗
39. Ruixin W, Yu T, Shun L, Yuanlin A, Yongyan L, Bin X, Lian Z, Xiyue L, Shuxin B (2020) Effect of lattice distortion on the diffusion behavior of high-entropy alloys. J Alloys Compd 825:15409910.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154099 ↗
40. Li J, Yamanaka K, Chiba A (2022) Significant lattice-distortion effect on compressive deformation in Mo-added CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A 830:14229510.1016/j.msea.2021.142295 ↗
41. Qing-Long Xu, Liu K-C, Wang K-Y, Li-Yan Lou Yu, Zhang C-J, Li C-X (2021) TGO and Al diffusion behavior of CuAlxNiCrFe high-entropy alloys fabricated by high-speed laser cladding for TBC bond coats. Corros Sci 192:10978110.1016/j.corsci.2021.109781 ↗
42. Lalit K, Jaiveer S, Joo-Hee K, Yoon SK, Dong-Ik K, Jin-Yoo S, Shi-Hoon C (2021) Deciphering the role of multiple generations of annealing twins on texture evolution in cold-rolled high entropy alloys during annealing. Scripta Materialia 205:11422110.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114221 ↗
43. Wang H, Koyama M, Hojo T, Akiyama E (2021) Hydrogen embrittlement and associated surface crack growth in fine-grained equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys with different annealing temperatures evaluated by tensile testing under in situ hydrogen charging. Int J Hydrogen Energy 46(65):33028–3303810.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.136 ↗
44. Chunduo D, Yu F, Yue P, Yupeng Y, Cuiwei D, Zhiyong L (2021) Microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMo0.1 high-entropy alloy with various annealing treatments. Mater Charact 179:11131310.1016/j.matchar.2021.111313 ↗
45. Chang H-W, Huang P-K, Yeh J-W, Davison A, Tsau C-H, Yang C-C (2008) Influence of substrate bias, deposition temperature and post-deposition annealing on the structure and properties of multi-principal-component (AlCrMoSiTi)N coatings. Surf Coat Technol 202(14):3360–336610.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.12.014 ↗
46. Bhardwaj V, Zhou Q, Zhang F, Han W, Yin Du, Hua Ke, Wang H (2021) Effect of Al addition on the microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of TiZrNbHf refractory high entropy alloys. Tribol Int 160:10703110.1016/j.triboint.2021.107031 ↗
47. Liu XJ, Duan YP, Yang X, Huang LX, Gao MM, Wang TM (2021) Enhancement of magnetic properties in FeCoNiCr0.4CuX high entropy alloys through the cocktail effect for megahertz electromagnetic wave absorption. J Alloys Compd 872:15960210.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159602 ↗
48. Chang CC, Hsiao YT, Chen YL, Tsai CY, Lee YJ, Ko PH, Chang SY (2021) Lattice distortion or cocktail effect dominates the performance of Tantalum-based high-entropy nitride coatings. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.15189410.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151894 ↗
49. Cao BX, Wang C, Yang T, Liu CT (2020) Cocktail effects in understanding the stability and properties of face-centered-cubic high-entropy alloys at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. Scripta Mater 187:250–25510.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.06.008 ↗
50. Wang M, Ma ZL, Xu ZQ, Cheng XW (2021) Effects of vanadium concentration on mechanical properties of VxNbMoTa refractory high-entropy alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 808:14084810.1016/j.msea.2021.140848 ↗
51. Li D, Jia N, Huang H, Chen S, Dou Y, He X, Yang W, Xue Y, Hua Z, Zhang F, Wang L, Jin K, Cai H (2021) Helium ion irradiation enhanced precipitation and the impact on cavity formation in a HfNbZrTi refractory high entropy alloy. J Nucl Mater 552:15302310.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153023 ↗
52. Zhu C, Li Z, Hong C, Dai P, Chen J (2020) Microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiZrNbMoTa refractory high-entropy alloy produced by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 93:10535710.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105357 ↗
53. Xiang T, Cai Z, Peng Du, Li K, Zhang Z, Xie G (2021) Dual phase equal-atomic NbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy with ultra-fine grain and excellent mechanical properties fabricated by spark plasma sintering. J Mater Sci Technol 90:150–15810.1016/j.jmst.2021.03.024 ↗
54. Zhang X, Cui X, Jin G, Ding Q, Zhang D, Wen X, Jiang L, Wan S, Tian H (2022) Microstructure evolution and properties of NiTiCrNbTax refractory high-entropy alloy coatings with variable Ta content. J Alloy Compd 891:16175610.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161756 ↗
55. Chen L, Wang Y, Hao X, Zhang X, Liu H (2021) Lightweight refractory high entropy alloy coating by laser cladding on Ti–6Al–4V surface. Vacuum 183:10982310.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109823 ↗
56. Chengchao Du, Lei Hu, Ren X, Li Y, Zhang F, Liu P, Li Y (2021) Cracking mechanism of brittle FeCoNiCrAl HEA coating using extreme high-speed laser cladding. Surf Coat Technol 424:12761710.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127617 ↗
57. Zhang H, Zhao Y, Cai J, Ji S, Geng J, Sun X, Li D (2021) High-strength NbMoTaX refractory high-entropy alloy with low stacking fault energy eutectic phase via laser additive manufacturing. Mater Des 201:10946210.1016/j.matdes.2021.109462 ↗
58. Xiao B, Jia W, Tang H, Wang J, Zhou L (2022) Microstructure and mechanical properties of WMoTaNbTi refractory high-entropy alloys fabricated by selective electron beam melting. J Mater Sci Technol 108:54–6310.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.041 ↗
59. Braeckman BR, Boydens F, Hidalgo H, Dutheil P, Jullien M, Thomann A-L, Depla D (2015) High entropy alloy thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering of powder targets. Thin Solid Films 580:71–7610.1016/j.tsf.2015.02.070 ↗
60. Alexander K, Michael S, Harald L, Sven U, Sabine S, Dorothée VS, Sascha S, Bronislava G, Hans C, Hans-Jürgen S, Martin H (2017) Combinatorial exploration of the high entropy alloy system Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni. Surf Coat Technol 325:174–18010.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.06.041 ↗
61. Weibing L, Si L, Libo G, Hongti Z, Shang X, Jian S, Xunli W, Yang L (2017) Nanocrystalline high-entropy alloy (CoCrFeNiAl0.3) thin-film coating by magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films 638:383–38810.1016/j.tsf.2017.08.006 ↗
62. Huang PK, Yeh JW, Shun TT, Chen SK (2004) Multi-principal-element alloys with improved oxidation and wear resistance for thermal spray coating. Adv Eng Mater 6(12):74–7810.1002/adem.200300507 ↗
63. Martin L, Thomas L, Thomas L (2020) High-temperature wear behaviour of AlCoCrFeNiTi05 coatings produced by HVOF. Surf Coat Technol 403:12637910.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126379 ↗
64. Anupam A, Kumar S, Chavan NM et al (2019) First report on cold-sprayed AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy and its isothermal oxidation. J Mater Res 34:796–80610.1557/jmr.2019.38 ↗
65. Lavanya R, Ameey A, Karthick G, Christopher CB, Andrew SMA, Murty SVSN, Daniel F, Murty BS, Ravi SK (2021) Strengthening mechanisms in CrMoNbTiW refractory high entropy alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 819:14150310.1016/j.msea.2021.141503 ↗
66. Yuankui C, Weidong Z, Bin L, Yong L, Meng D, Ao F (2021) Phase decomposition behavior and its effects on mechanical properties of TiNbTa0.5ZrAl0.5 refractory high entropy alloy. J Mater Sci Technol 66:10–2010.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.038 ↗
67. Huang Y-C, Lai Y-C, Lin Y-H, Shyi-Kaan Wu (2021) A study on the severely cold-rolled and annealed quaternary equiatomic derivatives from quinary HfNbTaTiZr refractory high entropy alloy. J Alloy Compd 855:15740410.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157404 ↗
68. Junwei M, Hongwei Y, Jun W, Yiping L, Tongmin W, Tingju L (2022) Surface modification for AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy via laser remelting technology and subsequent aging heat treatment. J Alloys Compd 894:16238010.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162380 ↗
69. Schellert S, Gorr B, Laube S, Kauffmann A, Heilmaier M, Christ HJ (2021) Oxidation mechanism of refractory high entropy alloys Ta-Mo-Cr-Ti-Al with varying Ta content. Corros Sci 192:10986110.1016/j.corsci.2021.109861 ↗
70. Guo W, Ding N, Liu G, Jing C, Huixia Xu, Liu L, Na Xu, Xiaofeng Wu, He J, Zaïri F (2022) Microstructure evolution of a multi-track AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding. Mater Charact 184:11166010.1016/j.matchar.2021.111660 ↗
71. Lan LW, Yang HJ, Guo RP, Wang XJ, Zhang M, Liaw PK, Qiao JW (2021) High-temperature sliding wear behavior of nitrided Ni45(CoCrFe)40(AlTi)15 high-entropy alloys. Mater Chem Phys 270:12480010.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124800 ↗
72. Kumar D, Jaishri B, Meena DK, Huang EW, Chang YJ, Yeh AC, Jain J, Neelakantan S, Gosvami NN (2021) Reversal of favorable microstructure under plastic ploughing vs. interfacial shear induced wear in aged Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 high-entropy alloy. Wear 468:20359510.1016/j.wear.2020.203595 ↗
73. Karakaş MS, Günen A, Çarboğa C, Karaca Y, Demir M, Altınay Y, Erdoğan A (2021) Microstructure, some mechanical properties and tribocorrosion wear behavior of boronized Al0.07Co1.26Cr1.80Fe1.42Mn1.35Ni1.10 high entropy alloy. J Alloys Compd 886:16122210.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161222 ↗
74. Lu XL, Zhang CX, Wang C, Cao XJ, Ma R, Sui XD, Hao JY, Liu WM (2021) Investigation of (CrAlTiNbV)Nx high-entropy nitride coatings via tailoring nitrogen flow rate for anti-wear applications in aviation lubricant. Appl Surf Sci 557:14981310.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149813 ↗
75. Huang TC, Hsu SY, Lai YT, Tsai SY, Duh JG (2021) Effect of NiTi metallic layer thickness on scratch resistance and wear behavior of high entropy alloy (CrAlNbSiV) nitride coating. Surf Coat Technol 425:12771310.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127713 ↗
76. Haghdadi N, Guo T, Ghaderi A, Hodgson PD, Barnett MR, Fabijanic DM (2019) The scratch behaviour of AlxCoCrFeNi (x = 0.3 and 1.0) high entropy alloys. Wear 428–429:293–30110.1016/j.wear.2019.03.026 ↗
77. Duan HT, Wu Y, Hua M, Yuan CQ, Wang D, Tu JS, Kou HC, Li J (2013) Tribological properties of AlCoCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy in hydrogen peroxide solution and in oil lubricant. Wear 297(1–2):1045–105110.1016/j.wear.2012.11.014 ↗
78. Lu XL, Zhang CX, Zhang X, Cao XJ, Kang J, Sui XD, Hao JY, Liu WM (2021) Dependence of mechanical and tribological performance on the microstructure of (CrAlTiNbV)Nx high-entropy nitride coatings in aviation lubricant. Ceram Int 47(19):27342–2735010.1016/j.ceramint.2021.06.156 ↗
79. Zhou JL, Cheng YH, Yang JY, Wang QQ, Liang XB (2021) Effects of WS2 and Ti3AlC2 additions on the high temperature wear properties of laser cladding YW1/NiCoCrAlY tool coating. Ceram Int 47(24):35124–3513310.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.055 ↗
80. Gopinath VM, Arulvel S (2021) A review on the steels, alloys/high entropy alloys, composites and coatings used in high temperature wear applications. Mater Today Proc 43(2):817–82310.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.495 ↗
81. Pole M, Sadeghilaridjani M, Shittu J, Ayyagari A, Mukherjee S (2020) High temperature wear behavior of refractory high entropy alloys based on 4-5-6 elemental palette. J Alloy Compd 843:15600410.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156004 ↗
82. Zhang CX, Lu XL, Zhou HB, Wang YF, Sui XD, Shi ZQ, Hao JY (2021) Construction of a compact nanocrystal structure for (CrNbTiAlV)Nx high-entropy nitride films to improve the tribo-corrosion performance. Surf Coat Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.12792110.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127921 ↗
83. Shittu J, Sadeghilaridjani M, Pole M et al (2021) Tribo-corrosion response of additively manufactured high-entropy alloy. NPJ Mater Degrad 5:3110.1038/s41529-021-00177-2 ↗
84. Kong WC, Li KM, Hu J (2021) Effects of laser power on microstructure and friction–wear performances of direct energy deposited ZrO2-8%Y2O3-NiCoCrAl coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy. Opt Laser Technol 142:10721410.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107214 ↗
85. Zhou JL, Kong DJ (2020) Effects of Al and Ti additions on corrosive–wear and electrochemical behaviors of laser cladded FeSiB coatings. Opt Laser Technol 124:10595810.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105958 ↗
86. Zhou JL, Kong DJ (2020) Microstructure, tribological performances, and wear mechanisms of Cr and Mo reinforced FeSiB coatings by laser cladding. J Mater Eng Perform 29:7428–744410.1007/s11665-020-05187-w ↗
87. Li JY, Dong LG, Dong XW, Zhao WH, Liu JH, Xiong JX, Xu CY (2021) Study on wear behavior of FeNiCrCoCu high entropy alloy coating on Cu substrate based on molecular dynamics. Appl Surf Sci 570:15123610.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151236 ↗
88. Zhou JL, Kong DJ (2021) Friction–wear performances and oxidation behaviors of Ti3AlC2 reinforced Co–based alloy coatings by laser cladding. Surf Coat Technol 408:12681610.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126816 ↗
89. Wu JM, Lin SJ, Yeh JW, Chen SK, Huang YS, Chen HC (2006) Adhesive wear behavior of AlxCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys as a function of aluminum content. Wear 261(5–6):513–51910.1016/j.wear.2005.12.008 ↗
90. Geng YS, Cheng J, Tan H, Zhu SY, Yang J, Liu WM (2021) Tuning the mechanical and high temperature tribological properties of Co-Cr-Ni medium-entropy alloys via controlling compositional heterogeneity. J Alloy Compd 877:16032610.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160326 ↗
91. Fereidouni H, Akbarzadeh S, Khonsari MM (2019) On the assessment of variable loading in adhesive wear. Tribol Int 129:167–17610.1016/j.triboint.2018.07.035 ↗
92. Cai YC, Zhu LS, Cui Y, Shan MD, Li HJ, Xin Y, Han J (2021) Fracture and wear mechanisms of FeMnCrNiCo + x(TiC) composite high-entropy alloy cladding layers. Appl Surf Sci 543:14879410.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148794 ↗
93. Li H, Zhou H, Zhang DP, Zhang P, Zhou T (2022) Influence of varying distribution distance and angle on fatigue wear resistance of 40Cr alloy steel with laser bionic texture. Mater Chem Phys 277:12551510.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125515 ↗
94. Lu ZX, Mao YL, Ren SM, Pu JB, Fu ZY, Fan X, Gao SQ, Fan J (2021) A novel design of VAlTiCrCu/WC alternate multilayer structure to enhance the mechanical and tribo-corrosion properties of the high-entropy alloy coating. Mater Charact 176:11111510.1016/j.matchar.2021.111115 ↗
95. Vo TD, Tran B, Tieu AK, Wexler D, Deng GY, Nguyen C (2021) Effects of oxidation on friction and wear properties of eutectic high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi2.1. Tribol Int 160:10701710.1016/j.triboint.2021.107017 ↗
96. Wang JY, Zhang BS, Yu YQ, Zhang ZJ, Zhu SS, Lou X, Wang ZZ (2020) Study of high temperature friction and wear performance of (CoCrFeMnNi)85Ti15 high-entropy alloy coating prepared by plasma cladding. Surf Coat Technol 384:12533710.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125337 ↗
97. Geng YS, Chen J, Tan H, Cheng J, Yang J, Liu WM (2020) Vacuum tribological behaviors of CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy at elevated temperatures. Wear 456–457:20336810.1016/j.wear.2020.203368 ↗
98. Jin G, Cai ZB, Guan YJ, Cui XF, Liu Z, Li Y, Dong ML, Zhang D (2018) High temperature wear performance of laser-cladded FeNiCoAlCu high-entropy alloy coating. Appl Surf Sci 445:113–12210.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.135 ↗
99. Fang YH, Chen N, Du GP, Zhang MX, Zhao XR, Cheng H, Wu JB (2020) High-temperature oxidation resistance, mechanical and wear resistance properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets with Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy as a metal binder. J Alloys Compd 815:15248610.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152486 ↗
100. Liu C, Li Z, Lu W et al (2021) Reactive wear protection through strong and deformable oxide nanocomposite surfaces. Nat Commun 12:551810.1038/s41467-021-25778-y ↗