Post-graphene 2D materials-based antimicrobial agents: focus on fabrication strategies and biosafety assessments
Source abstract
Abstract
Bacterial infections have caused serious threats to public health nowadays because of the generation of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Recently, new 2D materials beyond graphene (post-graphene 2D materials, pg-2DMs), such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides and MXenes, have been intensively explored for antimicrobial applications on account of their superior physiochemical properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the post-graphene 2D materials-based antimicrobial agents (pg-2DMs-AA), focusing on (1) the strategies to improve the antimicrobial activities of pg-2DMs-AA and (2) the biosafety assessments of pg-2DMs-AA. Finally, insights regarding the current gaps and outlooks for future opportunities in this field are given as well.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Rutledge-Taylor K, Matlow A, Gravel D et al (2012) A point prevalence survey of health care-associated infections in Canadian pediatric inpatients. Am J Infect Control 40:491–49610.1016/j.ajic.2011.08.008 ↗
2. Allegranzi B, Bagheri Nejad S, Combescure C, Graafmans W, Attar H, Donaldson L, Pittet D (2011) Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 377:228–24110.1016/S0140-6736(10)61458-4 ↗
3. Kraker MEAd, Stewardson AJ, Harbarth S (2016) Will 10 million people die a year due to antimicrobial resistance by 2050? PLoS Med 13:e1002184
4. Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Domb A, Khan W, Hazan R (2015) Alternative antimicrobial approach: nano-antimicrobial materials. Evid Based Complement Altern 2015:246012
5. Miao H, Teng Z, Wang C, Chong H, Wang G (2019) Recent progress in two-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials. Chem Eur J 25:929–94410.1002/chem.201801983 ↗
6. Sun W, Wu F-G (2018) Two-dimensional materials for antimicrobial applications: graphene materials and beyond. Chem Asian J 13:3378–341010.1002/asia.201800851 ↗
7. Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu L et al (2017) Antibiotic-loaded MoS2 nanosheets to combat bacterial resistance via biofilm inhibition. Nanotechnology 28:225101
8. Yuwen L, Sun Y, Tan G et al (2018) MoS2@polydopamine-Ag nanosheets with enhanced antibacterial activity for effective treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and wound infection. Nanoscale 10:16711–1672010.1039/C8NR04111C ↗
9. Sun ZY, Zhang YQ, Yu H et al (2018) New solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for antibacterial applications. Nanoscale 10:12543–1255310.1039/C8NR03513J ↗
10. Shao JD, Ruan CS, Xie HH, Li ZB, Wang HY, Chu PK, Yu XF (2018) Black-phosphorus-incorporated hydrogel as a sprayable and biodegradable photothermal platform for postsurgical treatment of cancer. Adv Sci 5:1700848
11. Yang QZ, Chang YY, Zhao HZ (2013) Preparation and antibacterial activity of lysozyme and layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. Water Res 47:6712–671810.1016/j.watres.2013.09.002 ↗
12. Rasool K, Mahmoud KA, Johnson DJ, Helal M, Berdiyorov GR, Gogotsi Y (2017) Efficient antibacterial membrane based on two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets. Sci Rep UK 7:1598
13. Rasool K, Helal M, Ali A, Ren CE, Gogotsi Y, Mahmoud KA (2016) Antibacterial activity of Ti3C2Tx MXene. ACS Nano 10:3674–368410.1021/acsnano.6b00181 ↗
14. Meenakshisundaram I, Kalimuthu S, Priya PG, Karthikeyan S (2019) Facile green synthesis and antimicrobial performance of Cu2O nanospheres decorated g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Mater Res Bull 112:331–33510.1016/j.materresbull.2018.12.030 ↗
15. Zhao HX, Yu HT et al (2014) Fabrication of atomic single layer graphitic-C3N4 and its high performance of photocatalytic disinfection under visible light irradiation. Appl Catal B Environ 152:46–5010.1016/j.apcatb.2014.01.023 ↗
16. Zhu C, Shen H, Liu H, Lv X, Li Z, Yuan Q (2018) Solution-processable two-dimensional In2Se3 nanosheets as efficient photothermal agents for elimination of bacteria. Chemistry 24:19060–1906510.1002/chem.201804360 ↗
17. Francois P, Andreia Fonseca DF, Siamak N, Menachem EJAN (2015) Antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nanosheets: why size matters. ACS Nano 9:7226–723610.1021/acsnano.5b02067 ↗
18. Shaobin L, Ming H, Tingying Helen Z et al (2012) Lateral dimension-dependent antibacterial activity of graphene oxide sheets. Langmuir 28:12364–1237210.1021/la3023908 ↗
19. Yang X, Li J, Liang T et al (2014) Antibacterial activity of two-dimensional MoS2 sheets. Nanoscale 6:10126–1013310.1039/C4NR01965B ↗
20. Mak KF, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz TF (2010) Atomically thin MoS2: a new direct-gap semiconductor. Phys Rev Lett 105:136805
21. Zhang Y, Chang TR, Zhou B et al (2014) Direct observation of the transition from indirect to direct bandgap in atomically thin epitaxial MoSe2. Nat Nanotechnol 9:111–11510.1038/nnano.2013.277 ↗
22. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV et al (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–66910.1126/science.1102896 ↗
23. Hai L, Jumiati W, Zongyou Y, Hua ZJACR (2014) Preparation and applications of mechanically exfoliated single-layer and multilayer MoS2 and WSe2 nanosheets. Acc Chem Res 47:1067–107510.1021/ar4002312 ↗
24. Feng Z, Liu X, Tan L et al (2018) Electrophoretic deposited stable Chitosan@MoS2 coating with rapid in situ bacteria-killing ability under dual-light irradiation. Small 14:1704347
25. Zhang W, Shi S, Wang Y et al (2016) Versatile molybdenum disulfide based antibacterial composites for in vitro enhanced sterilization and in vivo focal infection therapy. Nanoscale 8:11642–1164810.1039/C6NR01243D ↗
26. Pérez-Martínez P, Galvan-Miyoshi JM, Ortiz-López J (2016) Ultrasonic cavitation effects on the structure of graphene oxide in aqueous suspension. J Mater Sci 51:10782–10792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0290-010.1007/s10853-016-0290-0 ↗
27. Niu LY, Coleman JN, Zhang H, Shin H, Chhowalla M, Zheng ZJ (2016) Production of two-dimensional nanomaterials via liquid-based direct exfoliation. Small 12:272–29310.1002/smll.201502207 ↗
28. Muscuso L, Cravanzola S, Cesano F, Scarano D, Zecchina A (2015) Optical, vibrational, and structural properties of MoS2 nanoparticles obtained by exfoliation and fragmentation via ultrasound cavitation in isopropyl alcohol. J Phys Chem C 119:3791–380110.1021/jp511973k ↗
29. Han GQ, Liu YR, Hu WH et al (2015) WS2 nanosheets based on liquid exfoliation as effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Mater Chem Phys 167:271–27710.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.10.043 ↗
30. Smith RJ, King PJ, Lotya M et al (2011) Large-scale exfoliation of inorganic layered compounds in aqueous surfactant solutions. Adv Mater 23:3944–394810.1002/adma.201102584 ↗
31. Tan L, Li J, Liu XM et al (2018) In situ disinfection through photoinspired radical oxygen species storage and thermal-triggered release from black phosphorous with strengthened chemical stability. Small 14:1703197
32. Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S (2016) Biomolecule-assisted exfoliation and dispersion of graphene and other two-dimensional materials: a review of recent progress and applications. Nanoscale 8:15389–1541310.1039/C6NR02039A ↗
33. Cai X, Luo Y, Liu B, Cheng HM (2018) Preparation of 2D material dispersions and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 47:6224–626610.1039/C8CS00254A ↗
34. Bang GS, Cho S, Son N, Shim GW, Cho BK, Choi SY (2016) DNA-assisted exfoliation of tungsten dichalcogenides and their antibacterial effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:1943–195010.1021/acsami.5b10136 ↗
35. Huang XW, Wei JJ, Liu T, Zhang XL, Bai SM, Yang HH (2017) Silk fibroin-assisted exfoliation and functionalization of transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets for antibacterial wound dressings. Nanoscale 9:17193–1719810.1039/C7NR06807G ↗
36. Cao W, Yue L, Wang Z (2019) High antibacterial activity of chitosan–molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite. Carbohyd Polym 215:226–23410.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.085 ↗
37. Chou SS, De M, Kim J et al (2013) Ligand conjugation of chemically exfoliated MoS2. J Am Chem Soc 135:4584–458710.1021/ja310929s ↗
38. Pandit S, Karunakaran S, Boda SK, Basu B, De M (2016) High antibacterial activity of functionalized chemically exfoliated MoS2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:31567–3157310.1021/acsami.6b10916 ↗
39. Karunakaran S, Pandit S, Basu B, De M (2018) Simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of 2H-MoS2 by thiolated surfactants: applications in enhanced antibacterial activity. J Am Chem Soc 140:12634–1264410.1021/jacs.8b08994 ↗
40. Murugan C, Sharma V, Murugan RK, Malaimegu G, Sundaramurthy A (2019) Two-dimensional cancer theranostic nanomaterials: synthesis, surface functionalization and applications in photothermal therapy. J Control Release 299:1–2010.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.015 ↗
41. Chen CS, Yu WW, Liu TG, Cao SY, Tsang YH (2017) Graphene oxide/WS2/Mg-doped ZnO nanocomposites for solar-light catalytic and anti-bacterial applications. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 160:43–5310.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.020 ↗
42. Pandit S, Cao Z, Mokkapati VRSS et al (2018) Vertically aligned graphene coating is bactericidal and prevents the formation of bacterial biofilms. Adv Mater Interfaces 5:170133110.1002/admi.201701331 ↗
43. Lu XL, Feng XD, Werber JR et al (2017) Enhanced antibacterial activity through the controlled alignment of graphene oxide nanosheets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:E9793–E980110.1073/pnas.1710996114 ↗
44. Szunerits S, Boukherroub R (2016) Antibacterial activity of graphene-based materials. J Mater Chem B 4:6892–691210.1039/C6TB01647B ↗
45. Liu C, Kong D, Hsu PC et al (2016) Rapid water disinfection using vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms and visible light. Nat Nanotechnol 11:1098–110410.1038/nnano.2016.138 ↗
46. Alimohammadi F, Sharifian MG, Attanayake NH, Thenuwara AC, Gogotsi Y, Anasori B, Strongin DR (2018) Antimicrobial properties of 2D MnO2 and MoS2 nanomaterials vertically aligned on graphene materials and Ti3C2 MXene. Langmuir 34:7192–720010.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00262 ↗
47. Liu Z, Wang XH, Qiao P, Tian Y, Li HJ, Yang J (2015) Uniformed polyaniline supported MoS2 nanorod: a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and anti-bacteria material. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 26:7153–715810.1007/s10854-015-3339-y ↗
48. Tang K, Wang L, Geng H, Qiu J, Cao H, Liu X (2017) Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets vertically coated on titanium for disinfection in the dark. Arab J Chem 13:1612–162310.1016/j.arabjc.2017.12.013 ↗
49. Wu YX, Xu MQ, Chen X, Yang SL, Wu HS, Pan J, Xiong X (2016) CTAB-assisted synthesis of novel ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets perpendicular to graphene for the adsorption and photodegradation of organic dyes under visible light. Nanoscale 8:440–45010.1039/C5NR05748E ↗
50. Liu S, Liu Y, Lei WW, Zhou X, Xu K, Qiao QQ, Zhang WH (2018) Few-layered ReS2 nanosheets vertically aligned on reduced graphene oxide for superior lithium and sodium storage. J Mater Chem A 6:20267–2027610.1039/C8TA08206E ↗
51. Yeonwoong J, Jie S, Yong S, Cha JJ (2014) Chemically synthesized heterostructures of two-dimensional molybdenum/tungsten-based dichalcogenides with vertically aligned layers. ACS Nano 8:9550–955710.1021/nn503853a ↗
52. Jie Y, Li Q, Yufeng H et al (2010) Vertically aligned boron nitride nanosheets: chemical vapor synthesis, ultraviolet light emission, and superhydrophobicity. ACS Nano 4:414–42210.1021/nn901204c ↗
53. Wang S, Zhang HJ, Zhang D, Ma Y, Bi XF, Yang SB (2018) Vertically oriented growth of MoO3 nanosheets on graphene for superior lithium storage. J Mater Chem A 6:672–67910.1039/C7TA09158C ↗
54. Yu WL, Chen JX, Shang TT, Chen LF, Gu L, Peng TY (2017) Direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/WO3 photocatalyst with atomically defined junction for H-2 production. Appl Catal B Environ 219:693–70410.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.018 ↗
55. Xia Y, Mathis TS, Zhao MQ et al (2018) Thickness-independent capacitance of vertically aligned liquid-crystalline MXenes. Nature 557:409–41210.1038/s41586-018-0109-z ↗
56. Li RN, Xue TS, Bingre R, Gao YS, Louis B, Wang Q (2018) Microporous zeolite@vertically aligned Mg-Al layered double hydroxide core@shell structures with improved hydrophobicity and toluene adsorption capacity under wet conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:34834–3483910.1021/acsami.8b15118 ↗
57. Xing HN, Lan YY, Zong Y, Sun Y, Zhu XH, Li XH, Zheng XL (2019) Ultrathin NiCo-layered double hydroxide nanosheets arrays vertically grown on Ni foam as binder-free high-performance supercapacitors. Inorg Chem Commun 101:125–12910.1016/j.inoche.2019.01.031 ↗
58. Ganguly P, Byrne C, Breen A, Pillai SC (2018) Antimicrobial activity of photocatalysts: fundamentals, mechanisms, kinetics and recent advances. Appl Catal B Environ 225:51–7510.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.018 ↗
59. An T, Zhao H, Wong PK (2017) Advances in photocatalytic disinfection. Springer, Berlin10.1007/978-3-662-53496-0 ↗
60. Tian X, Sun Y, Fan S, Boudreau MD, Chen C, Ge C, Yin JJ (2019) Photogenerated charge carriers in molybdenum disulfide quantum dots with enhanced antibacterial activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:4858–486610.1021/acsami.8b19958 ↗
61. Priyadharsan A, Shanavas S, Vasanthakumar V, Balamuralikrishnan B, Anbarasan PM (2018) Synthesis and investigation on synergetic effect of rGO-ZnO decorated MoS2 microflowers with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. Colloid Surf A 559:43–5310.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.034 ↗
62. Jo WK, Selvam NCS (2015) Enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance of ZnO-g-C3N4 coupled with graphene oxide as a novel ternary nanocomposite. J Hazard Mater 299:462–47010.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.042 ↗
63. Habibi-Yangjeh A, Akhundi A (2016) Novel ternary g-C3N4/Fe3O4/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposites: magnetically separable and visible-light-driven photocatalysts for degradation of water pollutants. J Mol Catal A Chem 415:122–13010.1016/j.molcata.2016.01.032 ↗
64. Lam SM, Sin JC, Mohamed AR (2016) A review on photocatalytic application of g-C3N4/semiconductor (CNS) nanocomposites towards the erasure of dyeing wastewater. Mater Sci Semicond Proc 47:62–8410.1016/j.mssp.2016.02.019 ↗
65. Liu Y, Zeng XK, Hu XY, Hu J, Zhang XW (2019) Two-dimensional nanomaterials for photocatalytic water disinfection: recent progress and future challenges. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 94:22–3710.1002/jctb.5779 ↗
66. Li Z, Meng X, Zhang Z (2018) Recent development on MoS2-based photocatalysis: A review. J Photochem Photobiol C 35:39–5510.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.002 ↗
67. Han B, Hu YH (2016) MoS2 as a co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. Energy Sci Eng 4:285–30410.1002/ese3.128 ↗
68. Parzinger E, Miller B, Blaschke B, Garrido JA, Ager JW, Holleitner A, Wurstbauer U (2015) Photocatalytic stability of single- and few-layer MoS2. ACS Nano 9:11302–1130910.1021/acsnano.5b04979 ↗
69. Chang K, Mei ZW, Wang T, Kang Q, Ouyang SX, Ye JH (2014) MoS2/graphene cocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation. ACS Nano 8:7078–708710.1021/nn5019945 ↗
70. Wang TQ, Sun MZ, Sun HL, Shang J, Wong PK (2019) Efficient Z-scheme visible-light-driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation by hierarchical MoS2-encapsulated hydrothermal carbonation carbon core-shell nanospheres. Appl Surf Sci 464:43–5210.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.060 ↗
71. Feng Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Aslan H, Dong M (2017) Photoactive antimicrobial nanomaterials. J Mater Chem B 5:8631–865210.1039/C7TB01860F ↗
72. Miao Z, Fan L, Xie X, Ma Y, Xue J, He T, Zha Z (2019) Liquid exfoliation of atomically thin antimony selenide as an efficient two-dimensional antibacterial nanoagent. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:26664–2667310.1021/acsami.9b08320 ↗
73. Xu JW, Yao K, Xu ZK (2019) Nanomaterials with a photothermal effect for antibacterial activities: an overview. Nanoscale 11:8680–869110.1039/C9NR01833F ↗
74. Liu G, Zou J, Tang Q et al (2017) Surface modified Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets for tumor targeting photothermal/photodynamic/chemo synergistic Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:40077–4008610.1021/acsami.7b13421 ↗
75. Ma K, Li Y, Wang Z et al (2019) Core–shell gold nanorod@layered double hydroxide nanomaterial with highly efficient photothermal conversion and its application in antibacterial and tumor therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:29630–2964010.1021/acsami.9b10373 ↗
76. Lin Y, Han D, Li Y et al (2019) Ag2S@ WS2 heterostructure for rapid bacteria-killing using near-infrared light. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:14982–1499010.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03287 ↗
77. Yang GC, Liu ZM, Li Y et al (2017) Facile synthesis of black phosphorus-Au nanocomposites for enhanced photothermal cancer therapy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis. Biomater Sci UK 5:2048–205510.1039/C7BM00414A ↗
78. Ma M, Liu X, Tan L et al (2019) Enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of low-dose gentamicin with 5 minute assistance of photothermy at 50 degrees C. Biomater Sci UK 7:1437–144710.1039/C8BM01539B ↗
79. Li MX, Sultanbawa Y, Xu ZP, Gu WY, Chen WY, Liu JY, Qian GR (2019) High and long-term antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli via synergy between the antibiotic penicillin G and its carrier ZnAl layered double hydroxide. Colloid Surface B 174:435–44210.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.035 ↗
80. Komarala EP, Doshi S, Thiyagarajan S, Aslam M, Bahadur D (2018) Studies on drug release kinetics and antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria of cefotaxime sodium loaded layered double hydroxide-fenugreek nanohybrid. New J Chem 42:129–13610.1039/C7NJ03622A ↗
81. Tang LP, Cheng HM, Cui SM, Wang XR, Song LY, Zhou W, Li SJ (2018) DL-mandelic acid intercalated Zn-Al layered double hydroxide: a novel antimicrobial layered material. Colloid Surface B 165:111–11710.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.017 ↗
82. Mishra G, Dash B, Pandey S, Mohanty PP (2013) Antibacterial actions of silver nanoparticles incorporated Zn-Al layered double hydroxide and its spinel. J Environ Chem Eng 1:1124–113010.1016/j.jece.2013.08.031 ↗
83. Bouaziz Z, Soussan L, Janot JM et al (2017) Structure and antibacterial activity relationships of native and amyloid fibril lysozyme loaded on layered double hydroxide. Colloid Surface B 157:10–1710.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.050 ↗
84. Chang K, Hai X, Pang H et al (2016) Targeted synthesis of 2H-and 1T-phase MoS2 monolayers for catalytic hydrogen evolution. Adv Mater 28:10033–1004110.1002/adma.201603765 ↗
85. Liu L, Wu J, Wu L et al (2018) Phase-selective synthesis of 1T’ MoS2 monolayers and heterophase bilayers. Nat Mater 17:1108–111410.1038/s41563-018-0187-1 ↗
86. Voiry D, Salehi M, Silva R et al (2013) Conducting MoS2 nanosheets as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Lett 13:6222–622710.1021/nl403661s ↗
87. Lukowski MA, Daniel AS, Meng F, Forticaux A, Li L, Jin S (2013) Enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis from chemically exfoliated metallic MoS2 nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 135:10274–1027710.1021/ja404523s ↗
88. Guiney LM, Wang X, Xia T, Nel AE, Hersam MC (2018) Assessing and mitigating the hazard potential of two-dimensional materials. ACS Nano 12:6360–637710.1021/acsnano.8b02491 ↗
89. Fojtu M, Teo WZ, Pumera M (2017) Environmental impact and potential health risks of 2D nanomaterials. Environ Sci Nano 4:1617–163310.1039/C7EN00401J ↗
90. Pandit S, Karunakaran S, Boda SK, Basu B, De M (1944) High antibacterial activity of functionalized chemically exfoliated MoS2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:31567–3157310.1021/acsami.6b10916 ↗
91. Yin W, Yu J, Lv F, Yan L, Zheng LR, Gu Z, Zhao Y (2016) Functionalized nano-MoS2 with peroxidase catalytic and near-infrared photothermal activities for safe and synergetic wound antibacterial applications. ACS Nano 10:11000–1101110.1021/acsnano.6b05810 ↗
92. Wang ZZ, Dong K, Liu Z et al (2017) Activation of biologically relevant levels of reactive oxygen species by Au/g-C3N4 hybrid nanozyme for bacteria killing and wound disinfection. Biomaterials 113:145–15710.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.041 ↗
93. Chakraborti M, Jackson JK, Plackett D, Gilchrist SE, Burt HM (2012) The application of layered double hydroxide clay (LDH)-poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film composites for the controlled release of antibiotics. J Mater Sci Mater Med 23:1705–171310.1007/s10856-012-4638-y ↗
94. Pal A, Jana TK, Roy T, Pradhan A, Maiti R, Choudhury SM, Chatterjee K (2018) MoS2–TiO2 nanocomposite with excellent adsorption performance and high antibacterial activity. Chemistryselect 3:81–9010.1002/slct.201702618 ↗
95. Marcato PD, Parizotto NV, Martinez DST et al (2013) New hybrid material based on layered double hydroxides and biogenic silver nanoparticles: antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect. J Brazil Chem Soc 24:266–27210.5935/0103-5053.20130034 ↗
96. Mao CY, Xiang YM, Liu XM et al (2018) Repeatable photodynamic therapy with triggered signaling pathways of fibroblast cell proliferation and differentiation to promote bacteria-accompanied wound healing. ACS Nano 12:1747–175910.1021/acsnano.7b08500 ↗
97. Zhang W, Mou Z, Wang Y et al (2019) Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets loaded with chitosan and silver nanoparticles effective antifungal activities: in vitro and in vivo. Mater Sci Eng C Mater 7:486–49710.1016/j.msec.2018.12.052 ↗
98. Eguchi K, Nagase H, Ozawa M et al (2004) Evaluation of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use in the ecotoxicity test using microalgae. Chemosphere 57:1733–173810.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.017 ↗
99. Galdiero E, Siciliano A, Maselli V et al (2016) An integrated study on antimicrobial activity and ecotoxicity of quantum dots and quantum dots coated with the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin. Int J Nanomed 11:4199–421110.2147/IJN.S107752 ↗
100. Ma H, Williams PL, Diamond SA (2013) Ecotoxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles—a review. Environ Pollut 172:76–8510.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.011 ↗