Microstructure, corrosion, and mechanical properties of compression-molded zinc-nanodiamond composites
Source abstract
Abstract
Zinc-nanodiamond (ND) composite is proposed as a novel biodegradable implant material due to its desirable corrosion, mechanical, and biocompatible properties. In this research, the microstructure, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties of Zn-ND composites were investigated for the first time as a potential implant material in biomedical applications. Powder metallurgy manufacturing processes were used and different sintering conditions were studied. Grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature and longer sintering time. Corrosion resistance was improved 61.0, 65.9, and 70.7 % for 1, 2.5, and 5 % ND compared with pure Zn. Compression and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. In the compression tests, Zn-1ND showed the highest Young’s modulus, with 10.95 and 27.32 % more than pure Zn and Zn-5ND. Pure Zn had the highest compressive strength, 11.8 and 29.5 % higher than Zn-1ND and Zn-2.5ND. Zn-1ND and Zn-2.5ND are 55.2 and 68.9 % lower in hardness compared with pure Zn (HV = 27). Compression-molded zinc with low concentrations of nanodiamond offers a promising combination of strength and low corrosion rate, and with strength approaching cortical bone and higher than most biological tissues.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced materials and composites · Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (67)
Show source-provided references
1. Zhang Y, Zhang G, Wei M (2009) Controlling the biodegradation rate of magnesium using biomimetic apatite coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 89B(2):408–41410.1002/jbm.b.31228 ↗
2. Witte F et al (2005) In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response. Biomaterials 26(17):3557–356310.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.049 ↗
3. Vojtěch D et al (2011) Mechanical and corrosion properties of newly developed biodegradable Zn-based alloys for bone fixation. Acta Biomater 7(9):3515–352210.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.008 ↗
4. Tapiero H, Tew KD (2003) Trace elements in human physiology and pathology: zinc and metallothioneins. Biomed Pharmacother 57(9):399–41110.1016/S0753-3322(03)00081-7 ↗
5. Blencowe DK, Morby AP (2003) Zn(II) metabolism in prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27(2–3):291–31110.1016/S0168-6445(03)00041-X ↗
6. Dardenne M (2002) Zinc and immune function. Eur J Clin Nutr 56:S20–S2310.1038/sj.ejcn.1601479 ↗
7. Samman S (2007) Zinc. Nutr Diet 64:S131–S13410.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00200.x ↗
8. Fosmire GJ (1990) Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 51(2):225–22710.1093/ajcn/51.2.225 ↗
9. Bowen PK, Drelich J, Goldman J (2013) Zinc exhibits ideal physiological corrosion behavior for bioabsorbable stents. Adv Mater 25(18):2577–258210.1002/adma.201300226 ↗
10. Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Prato M (2005) Applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 9(6):674–67910.1016/j.cbpa.2005.10.005 ↗
11. Bianco A (2004) Carbon nanotubes for the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 1(1):57–6510.1517/17425247.1.1.57 ↗
12. Kam NWS, Dai H (2005) Carbon nanotubes as intracellular protein transporters: generality and biological functionality. J Am Chem Soc 127(16):6021–602610.1021/ja050062v ↗
13. Kam NWS et al (2005) Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(33):11600–1160510.1073/pnas.0502680102 ↗
14. Schrand AM, Hens SAC, Shenderova OA (2009) Nanodiamond particles: properties and perspectives for bioapplications. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 34(1–2):18–7410.1080/10408430902831987 ↗
15. Schrand AM et al (2006) Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic? J Phys Chem B 111(1):2–710.1021/jp066387v ↗
16. Liu K-K et al (2007) Biocompatible and detectable carboxylated nanodiamond on human cell. Nanotechnology 18:32
17. Yuan Y et al (2010) Pulmonary toxicity and translocation of nanodiamonds in mice. Diam Relat Mater 19(4):291–29910.1016/j.diamond.2009.11.022 ↗
18. Dewidar M, Yoon H-C, Lim J (2006) Mechanical properties of metals for biomedical applications using powder metallurgy process: a review. Met Mater Int 12(3):193–20610.1007/BF03027531 ↗
19. Clark GCF, Williams DF (1982) The effects of proteins on metallic corrosion. J Biomed Mater Res 16(2):125–13410.1002/jbm.820160205 ↗
20. Song G (2007) Control of biodegradation of biocompatable magnesium alloys. Corros Sci 49(4):1696–170110.1016/j.corsci.2007.01.001 ↗
21. Kokubo T, Takadama H (2006) How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials 27(15):2907–291510.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017 ↗
22. Cai S et al (2012) Effects of Zn on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn alloys. Mater Sci Eng C 32(8):2570–257710.1016/j.msec.2012.07.042 ↗
23. Wang W et al (2002) Influence of hot pressing sintering temperature and time on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2 ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 22(7):1045–104910.1016/S0955-2219(01)00424-1 ↗
24. Yan G et al (1999) The effect of density on the corrosion of NdFeB magnets. J Alloy Compd 292(1–2):266–27410.1016/S0925-8388(99)00443-0 ↗
25. Roy TK et al (2008) Sintering studies of nano-crystalline zinc oxide. Ceram Int 34(1):81–8710.1016/j.ceramint.2006.08.015 ↗
26. Subramaniyan A et al (2011) Sintering studies on 20 mol% yttrium-doped barium cerate. J Am Ceram Soc 94(6):1800–180410.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04303.x ↗
27. Panigrahi BB, Godkhindi MM (2006) Dilatometric sintering study of Ti–50Ni elemental powders. Intermetallics 14(2):130–13510.1016/j.intermet.2005.04.020 ↗
28. Fang Z et al (2005) An experimental study of the sintering of nanocrystalline WC–Co powders. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 23(4–6):249–25710.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.04.014 ↗
29. Fedorchenko IM (2009) Shrinkage of metal ceramic briquettes during sintering. Powder Metall Met Ceram 48(9–10):497–50710.1007/s11106-010-9159-y ↗
30. Ji CH et al (2001) Sintering study of 316L stainless steel metal injection molding parts using Taguchi method: final density. Mater Sci Eng A 311(1–2):74–82
31. Sukhanov MV, Pet’kov VI, Firsov DV (2011) Sintering mechanism for high-density NZP ceramics. Inorg Mater 47(6):674–67810.1134/S0020168511060197 ↗
32. Abdoli H et al (2010) Processing and surface properties of Al–AlN composites produced from nanostructured milled powders. J Alloy Compd 490(1–2):624–63010.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.121 ↗
33. Torres CDS, Schaeffer L (2010) Effect of high energy milling on the microstruture and properties of WC–Ni composite. Mater Res 13:293–29810.1590/S1516-14392010000300004 ↗
34. Hewitt SA, Kibble KA (2009) Effects of ball milling time on the synthesis and consolidation of nanostructured WC–Co composites. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 27(6):937–94810.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.05.006 ↗
35. Sohn HY, Moreland C (1968) The effect of particle size distribution on packing density. Can J Chem Eng 46(3):162–16710.1002/cjce.5450460305 ↗
36. Zhang T et al (2002) Sintering study on commercial CeO2 powder with small amount of MnO2 doping. Mater Lett 57(2):507–51210.1016/S0167-577X(02)00820-0 ↗
37. Yan J et al (2007) High-pressure sintering study of a novel hard material (W0.5Al0.5)C0.5 without binder metal. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 25(1):62–6610.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.12.001 ↗
38. Stawarczyk B et al (2013) The effect of zirconia sintering temperature on flexural strength, grain size, and contrast ratio. Clin Oral Invest 17(1):269–27410.1007/s00784-012-0692-6 ↗
39. Zhang XG (1996) Corrosion and electrochemistry of zinc. Plenum, New York10.1007/978-1-4757-9877-7 ↗
40. Cachet C et al (2002) Relationship between zinc corrosion process and corrosion products: an EIS and Raman spectroscopy study. Electrochim Acta 47:3409–341310.1016/S0013-4686(02)00277-3 ↗
41. Miao W et al (2007) Pitting corrosion of Zn and Zn–Al coated steels in pH 2 to 12 NaCl solutions. J Electrochem Soc 154(1):C7–C1510.1149/1.2372691 ↗
42. Hahn H, Logas J, Averback RS (1990) Sintering characteristics of nanocrystalline TiO2. J Mater Res 5(03):609–61410.1557/JMR.1990.0609 ↗
43. Jacobs JJ, Gilbert JL, Urban RM (1998) Current concepts review—corrosion of metal orthopaedic implants*. J Bone Joint Surg 80(2):268–28210.2106/00004623-199802000-00015 ↗
44. Frankel GS (1998) Pitting corrosion of metals: a review of the critical factors. J Electrochem Soc 145(6):2186–219810.1149/1.1838615 ↗
45. Kubásek J, Vojtěch D (2012) Zn-based alloys as an alternative biodegradable materials. Metal 5:23–25
46. Gu X et al (2010) Corrosion of, and cellular responses to Mg–Zn–Ca bulk metallic glasses. Biomaterials 31(6):1093–110310.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.015 ↗
47. Schrand AM et al (2007) Differential biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds. Diam Relat Mater 16(12):2118–212310.1016/j.diamond.2007.07.020 ↗
48. Sun J, Xie G (2011) Tissue distribution of intravenously administrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles labeled with < sup > 125 I. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11(12):10996–1100010.1166/jnn.2011.3956 ↗
49. Ruedi TP, Murphy WM, Principles AO (2001) Principles of fracture management. Thieme Medical, New York
50. Xu L et al (2007) In vivo corrosion behavior of Mg–Mn–Zn alloy for bone implant application. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 83A(3):703–71110.1002/jbm.a.31273 ↗
51. Zhang S et al (2010) Research on an Mg–Zn alloy as a degradable biomaterial. Acta Biomater 6(2):626–64010.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.028 ↗
52. Zhang E et al (2008) Microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of Mg–Zn–Y alloys with low Zn content. Mater Sci Eng A 488(1–2):102–11110.1016/j.msea.2007.10.056 ↗
53. Chang J-W et al (2011) Influence of Nd and Y additions on the corrosion behaviour of extruded Mg–Zn–Zr alloys. Int J Miner Metall Mater 18(2):203–20910.1007/s12613-011-0423-z ↗
54. Gu X-N, Zheng Y-F (2010) A review on magnesium alloys as biodegradable materials. Front Mater Sci China 4(2):111–11510.1007/s11706-010-0024-1 ↗
55. Zhang BP, Wang Y, Geng L (2011) Research on Mg–Zn–Ca alloy as degradable biomaterial. In: Pignatello R (ed) Biomaterials—Physics and chemistry. InTech, pp 183–20410.5772/23929 ↗
56. Hansen N (2004) Hall–Petch relation and boundary strengthening. Scripta Mater 51(8):801–80610.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.06.002 ↗
57. Razavi M, Fathi MH, Meratian M (2010) Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion evaluation of biodegradable AZ91–FA nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng A 527(26):6938–694410.1016/j.msea.2010.07.063 ↗
58. Zadražil T, Vodák F, Kapičková O (2004) Effect of temperature and age of concrete on strength–porosity relation. Acta Polytech 44:110.14311/516 ↗
59. Mahfuz H et al (2007) Reinforcement of nylon-6 filaments with SiO2 nanoparticles and comparison of Young’s modulus with theoretical bounds. Macromol Mater Eng 292(4):437–44410.1002/mame.200600417 ↗
60. Vijh A (1975) The influence of metal–metal bond energies on the adhesion, hardness, friction and wear of metals. J Mater Sci 10(6):998–1004. doi: 10.1007/bf0085698710.1007/BF00823216 ↗
61. Yanson KA et al (1973) Hardness of the human tibia. Polym Mech 9(6):966–97110.1007/BF00856987 ↗
62. Porter FC (1991) Zinc handbook: properties, processing, and use in design. Mechanical engineering. Marcel Dekker, New York10.1201/9781482276947 ↗
63. Cheng J et al (2013) Comparative in vitro study on pure metals (Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn and W) as biodegradable metals. J Mater Sci Technol 29(7):619–62710.1016/j.jmst.2013.03.019 ↗
64. Brar HS, Wong J, Manuel MV (2012) Investigation of the mechanical and degradation properties of Mg–Sr and Mg–Zn–Sr alloys for use as potential biodegradable implant materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 7:87–9510.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.07.018 ↗
65. Hänzi AC, Sologubenko AS, Uggowitzer PJ (2009) Design strategy for new biodegradable Mg–Y–Zn alloys for medical applications. Int J Mater Res 8:1127–113610.3139/146.110157 ↗
66. Hung F-Y et al (2007) Vibration behavior of light metals: Al–Zn alloy and Mg–Al–Zn alloy. J Mater Sci 42(13):5020–5028. doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-0595-510.1007/s10853-006-0595-5 ↗
67. He S-Y et al (2011) Microstructure and properties of biodegradable β-TCP reinforced Mg–Zn–Zr composites. Trans Nonferr Met Soc China 21(4):814–81910.1016/S1003-6326(11)60786-3 ↗