journal article·2021-02

Preparation of a natural rubber with high thermal conductivity, low heat generation and strong interfacial interaction by using NS-modified graphene oxide

Shuaishuai Cheng, Xiaoyuan Duan, Zhiyi Zhang, Dong An, Guizhe Zhao, Yaqing Liu

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 56· Issue 5
Publisher page

Abstract

Owing to its remarkable electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, graphene has been considered the most promising reinforcing filler for the development of rubber nanocomposites. In this work, a novel interfacial structure consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (NS)/natural rubber (NR) (NR/NS-rGO) with covalent bond connections was fabricated using one-step modification and coprecipitation methods. When the filler loading of NS-rGO is 0.42 vol.%, not only the thermal conductivity of the rubber composite increases to 0.237 Wm−1 K−1, which is 21.5% higher than that of pure NR; meanwhile, the internal heat generation decreases to 2.6 °C, which is 45.8% lower than that of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/ascorbic acid (VC)/natural rubber (NR) (NR/VC-rGO), and the mechanical properties have been greatly improved. The results demonstrated that the covalent bond connections greatly reduced interfacial thermal resistance at the filler/matrix interface. Furthermore, the enhanced interfacial interaction reduced frictional heat generation at the filler/matrix interface. More importantly, this strategy provided creative insights into the high application potential of graphene in the rubber industry.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation · Tribology and Wear Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (51)

Show source-provided references
1. Wagner MP (1976) Reinforcing silicas and silicates. Rubber Chem Technol 49:703–774. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.353497910.5254/1.3534979 ↗
2. Studebaker ML (1957) The chemistry of carbon black and reinforcement. Rubber Chem Technol 30:1400–1483. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.354276410.5254/1.3542764 ↗
3. Akutagawa K, Hamatani S, Nashi T (2015) The new interpretation for the heat build-up phenomena of rubbery materials during deformation. Polymer 66:201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.04010.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.040 ↗
4. Akutagawa K, Nishi T (2019) Thermo-mechanical model of rubber network with transient non-bonded interaction concept for multi-physics design. Polymer 162:139–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.06210.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.062 ↗
5. Dai W, Yu J, Liu Z et al (2015) Enhanced thermal conductivity and retained electrical insulation for polyimide composites with SiC nanowires grown on graphene hybrid fillers. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 76:73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.01710.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.017 ↗
6. Hu K, Kulkarni DD, Choi I, Tsukruk VV (2014) Graphene-polymer nanocomposites for structural and functional applications. Prog Polym Sci 39:1934–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.00110.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.001 ↗
7. Wang J, Jia H, Tang Y et al (2013) Enhancements of the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber with the addition of graphene oxide. J Mater Sci 48:1571–1577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6913-110.1007/s10853-012-6913-1 ↗
8. Yin B, Wang J, Jia H et al (2016) Enhanced mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of styrene–butadiene rubber reinforced with polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified graphene oxide. J Mater Sci 51:5724–5737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9874-y10.1007/s10853-016-9874-y ↗
9. Tang Z, Zhang L, Feng W et al (2014) Rational design of graphene surface chemistry for high-performance rubber/graphene composites. Macromolecules 47:8663–8673. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma502201e10.1021/ma502201e ↗
10. Zhang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y et al (2014) Insight into the capacitive properties of reduced graphene oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:2248–2254. https://doi.org/10.1021/am405756210.1021/am4057562 ↗
11. Matos CF, Galembeck F, Zarbin AJG (2014) Multifunctional and environmentally friendly nanocomposites between natural rubber and graphene or graphene oxide. Carbon 78:469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.07.02810.1016/j.carbon.2014.07.028 ↗
12. Boland CS, Khan U, Backes C et al (2014) Sensitive, high-strain, high-rate bodily motion sensors based on graphene-rubber composites. ACS Nano 8:8819–8830. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn503454h10.1021/nn503454h ↗
13. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD et al (2007) Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45:1558–1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.03410.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034 ↗
14. Shin H, Kim KK, Benayad A et al (2009) Efficient reduction of graphite oxide by sodium borohydride and its effect on electrical conductance. Adv Funct Mater 19:1987–1992. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20090016710.1002/adfm.200900167 ↗
15. Arumugam N, Kim J (2018) Quantum dots attached to graphene oxide for sensitive detection of ascorbic acid in aqueous solutions. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 92:720–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.01710.1016/j.msec.2018.07.017 ↗
16. Tas M, Altin Y, Bedeloglu AC (2019) Reduction of graphene oxide thin films using a stepwise thermal annealing assisted by L-ascorbic acid. Diam Relat Mater 92:242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2019.01.00910.1016/j.diamond.2019.01.009 ↗
17. Zhang J, Yang H, Shen G et al (2010) Reduction of graphene oxide via L-ascorbic acid. Chem Commun 46:1112–1114. https://doi.org/10.1039/b917705a10.1039/b917705a ↗
18. Yang Z, Liu J, Liao R et al (2016) Rational design of covalent interfaces for graphene/elastomer nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 132:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.06.01510.1016/j.compscitech.2016.06.015 ↗
19. Zheng J, Han D, Zhao S et al (2018) Constructing a multiple covalent interface and isolating a dispersed structure in silica/rubber nanocomposites with excellent dynamic performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:19922–19931. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b0235810.1021/acsami.8b02358 ↗
20. Zhong B, Jia Z, Dong H et al (2017) One-step approach to reduce and modify graphene oxide via vulcanization accelerator and its application for elastomer reinforcement. Chem Eng J 317:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.07210.1016/j.cej.2017.02.072 ↗
21. Liu X, Kuang W, Guo B (2015) Preparation of rubber/graphene oxide composites with in-situ interfacial design. Polymer 56:553–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.11.04810.1016/j.polymer.2014.11.048 ↗
22. Dong H, Jia Z, Chen Y et al (2018) One-pot method to reduce and functionalize graphene oxide via vulcanization accelerator for robust elastomer composites with high thermal conductivity. Compos Sci Technol 164:267–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.04710.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.047 ↗
23. Zheng L, Jerrams S, Xu Z et al (2020) Enhanced gas barrier properties of graphene oxide/rubber composites with strong interfaces constructed by graphene oxide and sulfur. Chem Eng J 383:123100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.12310010.1016/j.cej.2019.123100 ↗
24. Kang H, Tang Y, Yao L et al (2017) Fabrication of graphene/natural rubber nanocomposites with high dynamic properties through convenient mechanical mixing. Compos B Eng 112:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.03510.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.035 ↗
25. Chaikumpollert O, Yamamoto Y, Suchiva K, Kawahara S (2012) Mechanical properties and cross-linking structure of cross-linked natural rubber. Polym J 44:772–777. https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.11210.1038/pj.2012.112 ↗
26. Mensah B, Gupta KC, Kang G et al (2019) A comparative study on vulcanization behavior of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber reinforced with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide as fillers. Polym Testing 76:127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.01.02610.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.01.026 ↗
27. Zhang L, Chen B, Ghaffar A, Zhu X (2018) Nanocomposite membrane with polyethylenimine-grafted graphene oxide as a novel additive to enhance pollutant filtration performance. Environ Sci Technol 52:5920–5930. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b0052410.1021/acs.est.8b00524 ↗
28. Ferrari AC (2007) Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron–phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun 143:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.05210.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.052 ↗
29. Chen W, Yan L, Bangal PR (2010) Preparation of graphene by the rapid and mild thermal reduction of graphene oxide induced by microwaves. Carbon 48:1146–1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.03710.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.037 ↗
30. An D, Cheng S, Zhang Z et al (2019) A polymer-based thermal management material with enhanced thermal conductivity by introducing three-dimensional networks and covalent bond connections. Carbon 155:258–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.08.07210.1016/j.carbon.2019.08.072 ↗
31. Li S, Luo Y, Yongjun C et al (2019) Enhanced mechanical and processing property of styrene-butadiene rubber composites with novel silica-supported reactive processing additive. Fibers Polym 20:1696–1704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-9013-x10.1007/s12221-019-9013-x ↗
32. Xu Z, Song Y, Zheng Q (2019) Payne effect of carbon black filled natural rubber compounds and their carbon black gels. Polymer 185:121953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.12195310.1016/j.polymer.2019.121953 ↗
33. Gan S, Wu ZL, Xu H et al (2016) Viscoelastic behaviors of carbon black gel extracted from highly filled natural rubber compounds: insights into the Payne effect. Macromolecules 49:1454–1463. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b0270110.1021/acs.macromol.5b02701 ↗
34. da Silva LP, Luetkrneyer L, Furtado CRG et al (2009) Characterization of pp/regenerated tire-rubber blends using proton spin-lattice relaxation time. Polym Testing 28:53–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.10.00210.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.10.002 ↗
35. Singh K, Bluemich B (2018) Compact low-field NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics: a tool box for quality control of raw rubber. Polymer 141:154–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.05710.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.057 ↗
36. Zhang R, Yan T, Lechner B-D et al (2013) Heterogeneity, segmental and hydrogen bond dynamics, and aging of supramolecular self-healing rubber. Macromolecules 46:1841–1850. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma400019m10.1021/ma400019m ↗
37. Besghini D, Mauri M, Simonutti R (2019) Time domain NMR in polymer science: from the laboratory to the industry. Appl Sci BASEL 9(9):1801. https://doi.org/10.3390/app909180110.3390/app9091801 ↗
38. Medalia AI (1972) Effective degree of immobilization of rubber occluded within carbon black aggregates. Rubber Chem Technol 45:1171–1194. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.354473110.5254/1.3544731 ↗
39. Omnès B, Thuillier S, Pilvin P et al (2008) Effective properties of carbon black filled natural rubber: experiments and modeling. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 39:1141–1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.04.00310.1016/j.compositesa.2008.04.003 ↗
40. Yue Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Chen Y (2013) Polymer–filler interaction of fumed silica filled polydimethylsiloxane investigated by bound rubber. Compos Sci Technol 86:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.06.01910.1016/j.compscitech.2013.06.019 ↗
41. Ngo I-L, Prabhakar Vattikuti SV, Byon C (2017) A modified Hashin-Shtrikman model for predicting the thermal conductivity of polymer composites reinforced with randomly distributed hybrid fillers. Int J Heat Mass Transf 114:727–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.11610.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.116 ↗
42. Ngo IL, Byon C, Lee BJ (2018) Analytical study on thermal conductivity enhancement of hybrid-filler polymer composites under high thermal contact resistance. Int J Heat Mass Transf 126:474–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.16210.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.162 ↗
43. Yang D, Kong X, Ni Y et al (2019) Novel nitrile-butadiene rubber composites with enhanced thermal conductivity and high dielectric constant. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 124:105447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.01510.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.015 ↗
44. Xue X, Yin Q, Jia H et al (2017) Enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of styrene-butadiene rubber/carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blend by the usage of graphene oxide with diverse oxidation degrees. Appl Surf Sci 423:584–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.20010.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.200 ↗
45. Aakyiir M, Yu H, Araby S et al (2020) Electrically and thermally conductive elastomer by using MXene nanosheets with interface modification. Chem Eng J 397:125439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.12543910.1016/j.cej.2020.125439 ↗
46. Yin Q, Wen Y, Jia H et al (2017) Enhanced mechanical, dielectric, electrical and thermal conductive properties of HXNBR/HNBR blends filled with ionic liquid-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Mater Sci 52:10814–10828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1251-y10.1007/s10853-017-1251-y ↗
47. Liu P, Zhang X, Jia H et al (2017) High mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and solvent resistance in graphene oxide/styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites by engineering carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Compos Part B 130:257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.04810.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.048 ↗
48. Zhang X, Wang J, Jia H et al (2016) Multifunctional nanocomposites between natural rubber and polyvinyl pyrrolidone modified graphene. Compos B Eng 84:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.07710.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.077 ↗
49. Li F, Liu F, Liu J et al (2018) Thermo-mechanical coupling analysis of transient temperature and rolling resistance for solid rubber tire: Numerical simulation and experimental verification. Compos Sci Technol 167:404–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.08.03410.1016/j.compscitech.2018.08.034 ↗
50. Tang T, Johnson D, Smith RE, Felicelli SD (2014) Numerical evaluation of the temperature field of steady-state rolling tires. Appl Math Model 38:1622–1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.08.03310.1016/j.apm.2013.08.033 ↗
51. Li Y, Liu WY, Frimpong S (2012) Effect of ambient temperature on stress, deformation and temperature of dump truck tire. Eng Fail Anal 23:55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.02.00410.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.02.004 ↗