Insights into the elevated electrochemical performance and kinetic characteristics of magnesium-substituted Na3V2−xMgx(PO4)3/C with superior rate capability and long lifespan
Source abstract
Abstract
Na3V2(PO4)3 has been pursued to be a prospective cathode for SIBs because of its outstanding structural stability. Nevertheless, the extensive application of Na3V2(PO4)3 is impeded by its poor electronic conductivity and inferior Na+ migration ability. Herein, a promising Mg-doped Na3V2−xMgx(PO4)3/C composite is prepared by a facile carbon-thermal reduction route. The substitution of magnesium onto vanadium site downsizes the particle, providing shorter pathway for the migration of Na+ and electron. The introduction of Mg2+ generates beneficial holes to facilitate the electronic diffusion efficiently. A superior electrochemical performance of Na3V1.93Mg0.07(PO4)3/C sample can be achieved due to the multiple synergetic effects. It delivers a high specific capacity of 113.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. A high reversible capacity of 95 mAh g−1 can be obtained at 10 C rate, and the retention is 84.6% after 1000 cycles. Moreover, a comprehensive GITT analysis is conducted to give a better understanding of the elevated electrochemical properties for Na3V1.93Mg0.07(PO4)3/C: The migration of Na+ suffers from the intense interactions arising from the phase transfer during the potential plateau (~ 3.4 V). The minimum values of DNa+ at ~ 3.4 V for Na3V1.93Mg0.07(PO4)3/C are one order magnitude higher than that of undoped sample, implying the improved kinetics from magnesium substitution.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Advanced battery technologies research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Dunn B, Kamath H, Tarascon J (2011) Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science 334:928–93510.1126/science.1212741 ↗
2. Nayak P, Yang L, Brehm W, Adelhelm P (2018) From Lithium-ion to sodium-ion batteries: advantages, challenges, and surprises. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:102–12010.1002/anie.201703772 ↗
3. Ni Q, Bai Y, Wu F, Wu C (2017) Polyanion-type electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Sci 4:160027510.1002/advs.201600275 ↗
4. Kim S-W, Seo D-H, Ma X, Ceder G, Kang K (2012) Electrode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries: potential alternatives to current lithium-ion batteries. Adv Energy Mater 2:710–72110.1002/aenm.201200026 ↗
5. Han M, Gonzalo E, Singh G, Rojo T (2015) A comprehensive review of sodium layered oxides: powerful cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Energy Environ Sci 8:81–10210.1039/C4EE03192J ↗
6. Xiang X, Zhang K, Chen J (2015) Recent advances and prospects of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Mater 27:5343–536410.1002/adma.201501527 ↗
7. Wang P, You Y, Yin Y, Guo Y (2018) Layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries: phase transition, air stability, and performance. Adv Energy Mater 8:170191210.1002/aenm.201701912 ↗
8. Yuan DD, Wang YX, Cao YL, Ai XP, Yang HX (2015) Improved electrochemical performance of Fe-substituted NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode materials for sodium-ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interf 7:8585–859110.1021/acsami.5b00594 ↗
9. Caballero A, Hernán L, Morales J, Sánchez L, Santos-Peña J, Aranda MAG (2002) Synthesis and characterization of high-temperature hexagonal P2-Na0.6MnO2 and its electrochemical behaviour as cathode in sodium cells. J Mater Chem 12:1142–114710.1039/b108830k ↗
10. Berthelot R, Carlier D, Delmas C (2011) Electrochemical investigation of the P2-NaxCoO2 phase diagram. Nat Mater 10:74–8010.1038/nmat2920 ↗
11. Komaba S, Mikumo T, Ogata A (2008) Electrochemical activity of nanocrystalline Fe3O4 in aprotic Li and Na salt electrolytes. Electrochem Commun 10:1276–127910.1016/j.elecom.2008.06.014 ↗
12. Laffont L, Sauvage F, Tarascon J-M, Baudrin E (2007) Study of the insertion/deinsertion mechanism of sodium into Na0@44MnO2. Inorg Chem 46:3289–329410.1021/ic0700250 ↗
13. Wang W, Xu Q, Liu H, Wang Y, Xia Y (2017) A flexible symmetric sodium full cell constructed using the bipolar material Na3V2(PO4)3. J Mater Chem A 5:8440–845010.1039/C7TA01477E ↗
14. Wei T, Yang G, Wang C (2017) Bottom-up assembly of strongly–coupled Na3V2(PO4)3/C into hierarchically porous hollow nanospheres for high-rate and -stable Na-ion storage. Nano Energy 39:363–37010.1016/j.nanoen.2017.07.019 ↗
15. Zhao L, Zhao H, Du Z, Chen N, Chang X, Zhang Z, Gao F, Zajac AT, Swierczek K (2018) Computational and experimental understanding of Al-doped Na3V2−xAlx(PO4)3 cathode material for sodium ion batteries: electronic structure, ion dynamics and electrochemical properties. Electrochim Acta 282:510–51910.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.074 ↗
16. Jian Z, Yuan C, Han W, Lu X, Gu L, Xi X, Hu Y, Li H, Chen W, Chen D, Ikuhara Y, Chen L (2014) Atomic structure and kinetics of NASICON NaxV2(PO4)3 cathode for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Func Mater 24:4265–427210.1002/adfm.201400173 ↗
17. Chen Y, Xu Y, Sun X, Li L, Li L (2018) Off-stoichiometric Na3V2−x(PO4)3/C cathode composites with stable lifetime for sodium ion batteries. Ceram Int 44:13055–1306410.1016/j.ceramint.2018.04.125 ↗
18. Xu Y, Wei Q, Xu C, Li Q, An Q, Zhang P, Sheng J, Zhou L, Mai L (2016) Layer-by-layer Na3V2(PO4)3 embedded in reduced graphene oxide as superior rate and ultralong-life sodium-ion battery cathode. Advanced Energy Materials 6:160038910.1002/aenm.201600389 ↗
19. Chen Y, Xu Y, Sun X, Wang C (2018) Effect of Al substitution on the enhanced electrochemical performance and strong structure stability of Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode for sodium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 375:82–9210.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.043 ↗
20. Lim S, Han DW, Nam DH, Hong KS, Eom JY, Ryu WH, Kwon HS (2014) Structural enhancement of Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode materials by pillar ion doping for high power and long cycle life sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2:19623–1963210.1039/C4TA03948C ↗
21. Zhu Q, Chang X, Sun N, Liu H, Chen R, Wu F, Xu B (2017) Microorganism-moulded pomegranate-like Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite for advanced sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 5:9982–999010.1039/C7TA02165H ↗
22. Nie P, Zhu Y, Shen L, Pang G, Xu G, Dong S, Dou H, Zhang X (2014) From biomolecule to Na3V2(PO4)3/nitrogen-decorated carbon hybrids: highly reversible cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2:18606–1861210.1039/C4TA03922J ↗
23. Zhang J, Fang Y, Xiao L, Qian J, Cao Y, Ai X, Yang H (2017) Graphene-scaffolded Na3V2(PO4)3 microsphere cathode with high rate capability and cycling stability for sodium ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:7177–718410.1021/acsami.6b16000 ↗
24. Yao Y, Jiang Y, Yang H, Sun X, Yu Y (2017) Na3V2(PO4)3 coated by N-doped carbon from ionic liquid as cathode materials for high rate and long-life Na-ion batteries. Nanoscale 9:10880–1088510.1039/C7NR03342G ↗
25. Gao R, Tan R, Han L, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yang L, Pan F (2017) Nanofiber networks of Na3V2(PO4)3 as a cathode material for high performance all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 5:5273–527710.1039/C7TA00314E ↗
26. Aragon M, Lavela P, Ortiz GF, Tirado JL (2015) Effect of iron substitution in the electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)3 as cathode for Na-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 162:3077–308310.1149/2.0151502jes ↗
27. Aragon M, Lavela P, Ortiz GF, Tirado JL (2015) Benefits of chromium substitution in Na3V2(PO4)3 as a potential candidate for sodium-ion batteries. ChemElectroChem 2:995–100210.1002/celc.201500052 ↗
28. Lalere F, Seznec V, Courty M, David R, Chotard JN, Masquelier C (2015) Improving the energy density of Na3V2(PO4)3-based positive electrodes through V/Al substitution. J Mater Chem A 3(31):16198–1620510.1039/C5TA03528G ↗
29. Chen Y, Xu Y, Sun X, Zhang B, He S, Li L, Wang C (2018) Preventing structural degradation from Na3V2(PO4)3 to V2(PO4)3: F-doped Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode composite with stable lifetime for sodium ion batteries. J Power Sources 378:423–43210.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.12.073 ↗
30. Wang X, Niu C, Meng J, Hu P, Xu X, Wei X, Zhou L, Zhao K, Luo W, Yan M, Mai L (2015) Novel K3V2(PO4)3/C bundled nanowires as superior sodium-ion battery electrode with ultrahigh cycling stability. Adv Energy Mater 5:150071610.1002/aenm.201500716 ↗
31. Senguttuvan P, Rousse G, Arroyo-y-de-Dompablo ME, Vezin H, Tarascon J-M, Palacin MR (2013) Low-potential sodium insertion in a NASICON-type structure through the Ti(III)/Ti(II) redox couple. J Am Chem Soc 135:3897–390310.1021/ja311044t ↗
32. An Q, Xiong F, Wei Q, Sheng J, He L, Ma D, Yao Y, Mai L (2015) Nanoflake-assembled hierarchical Na3V2(PO4)3/C microflowers: superior Li storage performance and insertion/extraction mechanism. Adv Energy Mater 5:140196310.1002/aenm.201401963 ↗
33. Aragón M, Lavela P, Alcántara R, Tirado J (2015) Effect of aluminum doping on carbon loaded Na3V2(PO4)3 as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 180:824–83010.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.044 ↗
34. Zheng Q, Yi H, Liu W, Li X, Zhang H (2017) Improving the electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode in sodium ion batteries through Ce/V substitution based on rational design and synthesis optimization. Electrochim Acta 238:288–29710.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.029 ↗
35. Bi L, Li X, Liu X, Zheng Q, Lin D (2019) Enhanced cycling stability and rate capability in a la-doped Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode for high-performance sodium ion batteries. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:7693–769910.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06385 ↗
36. Jiang H, Cai X, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhou L, Lai L, Liu X (2019) Selection of graphene dopants for Na3V2(PO4)3 graphene composite as high rate, ultra long-life sodium-ion battery cathodes. Electrochim Acta 306:558–56710.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.132 ↗
37. Wang Q, Wang Q, Zhang M, Han B, Zhou C, Chen Y, Lv G (2019) A first-principles investigation of the influence of polyanionic boron doping on the stability and electrochemical behavior of Na3V2(PO4)3. J Mol Model 25:9610.1007/s00894-019-3971-1 ↗
38. Zheng L, Xue Y, Deng L, Wu G, Hao S, Wang Z (2019) Na3V2(PO4)3 with specially designed carbon framework as high performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries. Ceram Int 45:4637–464410.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.153 ↗
39. Liu X, Feng G, Wang E, Chen H, Wu Z, Xiang W, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Guo X, Zhong B (2019) Insight into preparation of Fe-doped Na3V2(PO4)3@C from aspects of particle morphology design, crystal structure modulation, and carbon graphitization regulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:12421–1243010.1021/acsami.8b21257 ↗
40. Li H, Yu X, Bai Y, Wu F, Wu C, Liu L, Yang X (2015) Effects of Mg doping on the remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for sodium ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 3:9578–958610.1039/C5TA00277J ↗
41. Si L, Yuan Z, Hu L, Zhu Y, Qian Y (2014) Uniform and continuous carbon coated sodium vanadium phosphate cathode materials for sodium-ion battery. J Power Sources 272:880–88510.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.046 ↗
42. Kim H, Lim H, Kim H, Kim K, Byun D, Choi W (2019) Polydopamine-derived N-doped carbon-wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode with superior rate capability and cycling stability for sodium-ion batteries. Nano research 12:397–40410.1007/s12274-018-2229-z ↗
43. Chen L, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zhao L (2017) Hard carbon wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3@C porous composite extending cycling lifespan for sodium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:44485–4449310.1021/acsami.7b14006 ↗
44. Xu G, Sun G (2016) Mg2 + -doped Na3V2(PO4)3/C decorated with graphene sheets : an ultrafast Na-storage cathode for advanced energy storage. Ceram Int 42:14774–1478110.1016/j.ceramint.2016.06.107 ↗
45. Liang X, Ou X, Zheng F, Pan Q, Xiong X, Hu R, Yang C, Liu M (2017) Surface modification of Na3V2(PO4)3 by nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped carbon layer with advanced sodium storage property. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:13151–1316210.1021/acsami.7b00818 ↗
46. Zhu Q, Cheng H, Zhang X, He L, Hu L, Yang J, Chen Q, Lu Z (2018) Improvement in electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material for sodium-ion batteries by K-Ca co-doping. Electrochim Acta 281:208–21710.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.174 ↗
47. Zhou Z, Li N, Zhang C, Chen X, Xu F, Peng C (2018) Na3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanofibers with excellent Na+ storage for sodium-ion batteries. Solid State lonics 326:77–8110.1016/j.ssi.2018.09.016 ↗
48. Zheng L, Xue Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Hao S, Wang Z (2017) High performance Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode prepared by a facile solution evaporation method for sodium-ion batteries. Ceram Int 43:4950–495610.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.149 ↗
49. Aragón MJ, Gutiérrez J, Klee R, Lavela P, Alcántara R, Tirado JL (2017) On the effect of carbon content for achieving a high performing Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite as cathode for sodium-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem 784:47–5410.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.064 ↗
50. Chu Z, Yue C (2016) Graphene oxide wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite as superior cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. Ceram Int 42:820–82710.1016/j.ceramint.2015.09.003 ↗
51. Mao J, Luo C, Gao T, Fan X, Wang C (2015) Scalable synthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3/C porous hollow spheres as a cathode for Na-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 3:10378–1038510.1039/C5TA01007A ↗
52. Zhu Q, Wang M, Nan B, Shi H, Zhang X, Deng Y, Wang L, Chen Q, Lu Z (2017) Core/shell nanostructured Na3V2(PO4)3/C/TiO2 composite nanofibers as a stable anode for sodium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 362:147–15910.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.004 ↗
53. Li Y, Zhou X, Bai Y, Chen G, Wang Z, Li H, Wu F, Wu C (2017) Building an electronic bridge via Ag decoration to enhance kinetics of iron fluoride cathode in lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:19852–1986010.1021/acsami.7b03980 ↗
54. Rui XH, Ding N, Liu J, Li C, Chen CH (2010) Analysis of the chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material. Electrochim Acta 55:2384–239010.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.096 ↗
55. Guo JZ, Wang PF, Wu XL, Zhang XH, Yan Q, Chen H, Zhang JP, Guo YG (2017) High-energy/power and low-temperature cathode for sodium-ion Batteries: in situ XRD study and superior full-cell performance. Adv Mater 29:170196810.1002/adma.201701968 ↗
56. Tang K, Yu X, Sun J, Li H, Huang X (2011) Kinetic analysis on LiFePO4 thin films by CV, GITT, and EIS. Electrochim Acta 56:4869–487510.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.119 ↗