Preparation of carbon nanotube/copper/carbon fiber hierarchical composites by electrophoretic deposition for enhanced thermal conductivity and interfacial properties
Source abstract
Abstract
A facile electrophoretic deposition method was proposed to deposit copper (Cu) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of carbon fiber (CF) to improve the thermal conductivity and interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Surface morphologies, crystallographic properties, thermal conductivity, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and element distribution of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, thermal constant analysis, short-beam bending tests and SEM energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer (SEM–EDX), respectively. The results indicate that the presence of Cu and CNTs generated networks and bridges with each other, which produced continuous heat conduction pathways and significantly enhanced both the specific surface area and roughness of the fiber surface. These pathways obviously promoted an improvement in the thermal and interfacial properties. The thermal conductivity and ILSS of the CNTs–Cu–CF/epoxy composites increased by 292 and 39.5%, respectively, compared with CF/epoxy composites. Therefore, this method is anticipated to be utilized in the future fabrication of multifunctional CFRP composites.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Fiber-reinforced polymer composites · Thermal properties of materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (47)
Show source-provided references
1. Chen L, Sun Y-Y, Lin J, Du X-Z, Wei G-S, He S-J, Nazarenko S (2015) Modeling and analysis of synergistic effect in thermal conductivity enhancement of polymer composites with hybrid filler. Int J Heat Mass Tran 81:457–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.10.05110.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.10.051 ↗
2. Teng C-C, Ma C-CM, Chiou K-C, Lee T-M, Shih Y-F (2011) Synergetic effect of hybrid boron nitride and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites. Mater Chem Phys 126(3):722–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.12.05310.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.12.053 ↗
3. Yu G-C, Wu L-Z, Feng L-J, Yang W (2016) Thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites with a 3D thermal conductive pathway. Compos Struct 149:213–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.04.01010.1016/j.compstruct.2016.04.010 ↗
4. Bo Li, Li RL, Xie YX (2017) Properties and effect of preparation method of thermally conductive polypropylene/aluminum oxide composite. J Mater Sci 52:2524–2533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0546-810.1007/s10853-016-0546-8 ↗
5. Kumar Sunil, Singh Kedar (2012) Simultaneous measurements of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Se90 − xTe5Sn5Inx (x = 0, 3, 6, and 9) multicomponent chalcogenide glasses. J Mater Sci 47:3949–3952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6244-710.1007/s10853-011-6244-7 ↗
6. Li G, Tian X, Xu X, Zhou C, Wu J, Li Q, Zhang L, Yang F, Li Y (2017) Fabrication of robust and highly thermally conductive nanofibrillated cellulose/graphite nanoplatelets composite papers. Compos Sci Technol 138:179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.00110.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.001 ↗
7. Yu J, Choi HK, Kim HS, Kim SY (2016) Synergistic effect of hybrid graphene nanoplatelet and multi-walled carbon nanotube fillers on the thermal conductivity of polymer composites and theoretical modeling of the synergistic effect. Compos Part A-appl S 88:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.02210.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.022 ↗
8. Zhou TY, Tsui GCP, Liang JZ, Zou SY, Tang CY, Mišković-Stanković V (2016) Thermal properties and thermal stability of PP/MWCNT composites. Compos Prat B-eng 90:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.12.01310.1016/j.compositesb.2015.12.013 ↗
9. Pashayi K, Fard HR, Lai F, Iruvanti S, Plawsky J, Borca-Tasciuc T (2012) High thermal conductivity epoxy-silver composites based on self-constructed nanostructured metallic networks. J Appl Phys 111(10):104310. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471617910.1063/1.4716179 ↗
10. Zhang Y, Li JW, Zhao LL, Wang XT (2015) Optimisation of high thermal conductivity Al/diamond composites produced by gas pressure infiltration by controlling infiltration temperature and pressure. J Mater Sci 50:688–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8628-y10.1007/s10853-014-8628-y ↗
11. Yu S, Lee JW, Han TH, Park C, Kwon Y, Hong SM, Koo CM (2013) Copper shell networks in polymer composites for efficient thermal conduction. ACS Appl Mater Inter 5(22):11618–11622. https://doi.org/10.1021/am403040610.1021/am4030406 ↗
12. Qian R, Yu J, Wu C, Zhai X, Jiang P (2013) Alumina-coated graphene sheet hybrids for electrically insulating polymer composites with high thermal conductivity. RSC Adv 3(38):17373. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42104j10.1039/c3ra42104j ↗
13. Yu S, Park BI, Park C, Hong SM, Han TH, Koo CM (2014) RTA-treated carbon fiber/copper core/shell hybrid for thermally conductive composites. ACS Appl Mater Inter 6(10):7498–7503. https://doi.org/10.1021/am500871b10.1021/am500871b ↗
14. Yang S-Y, Lin W-N, Huang Y-L, Tien H-W, Wang J-Y, Ma C-CM, Li S-M, Wang Y-S (2011) Synergetic effects of graphene platelets and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites. Carbon 49(3):793–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.01410.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.014 ↗
15. Yang X, Zhan Y, Yang J, Zhong J, Zhao R, Liu X (2011) Synergetic effect of cyanogen functionalized carbon nanotube and graphene on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly (arylene ether nitrile). J Polym Res 19:9806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-011-9806-010.1007/s10965-011-9806-0 ↗
16. Liu L, Xiao LH, Zhang XP, Li M, Chang YJ, Shang L, Ao YH (2015) Improvement of the thermal conductivity and friction performance of poly(ether ether ketone)/carbon fiber laminates by addition of graphene. RSC Adv 5:57853–57859. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10722a10.1039/C5RA10722A ↗
17. Luo W, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhou S, Zou H, Liang M (2016) Enhanced mechanical and tribological properties in polyphenylene sulfide/polytetrafluoroethylene composites reinforced by short carbon fiber. Compos Prat B-eng 91:579–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.03610.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.036 ↗
18. Yue ZR, Liu C, Vakil Ahmad (2017) Solvated mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers: thermal-oxidative stabilization of the spun fiber. J Mater Sci 52:8176–8187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1024-710.1007/s10853-017-1024-7 ↗
19. Maiti UN, Maiti S, Das NS, Chattopadhyay KK (2011) Hierarchical graphene nanocones over 3D platform of carbon fabrics: a route towards fully foldable graphene based electron source. Nanoscale 3(10):4135–4141. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10383k10.1039/c1nr10383k ↗
20. Wang P, Yang J, Liu W, Tang X-Z, Zhao K, Lu X, Xu S (2017) Tunable crack propagation behavior in carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates with polydopamine and graphene oxide treated fibers. Mater Desing 113:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.01310.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.013 ↗
21. Kim KJ, Kim J, Yu W-R, Youk JH, Lee J (2013) Improved tensile strength of carbon fibers undergoing catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes on their surface. Carbon 54:258–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.03710.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.037 ↗
22. Qin W, Vautard F, Drzal LT, Yu J (2015) Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber composites with incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets at the fiber-matrix interphase. Compos Prat B-eng 69:335–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.01410.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.014 ↗
23. Zhang RL, Zhang J, Wang CG, Li FH, Liu L, Cui HZ (2016) Communication-formation of a hierarchical reinforcing carbon fiber through co-grafting graphene Oxide and carbon nanotube. ECS J Solid State Sc 5(10):M127–M129. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0201610jss10.1149/2.0201610jss ↗
24. Veedu VP, Cao A, Li X, Ma K, Soldano C, Kar S, Ajayan PM, Ghasemi-Nejhad MN (2006) Multifunctional composites using reinforced laminae with carbon-nanotube forests. Nat Mater 5(6):457–462. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat165010.1038/nmat1650 ↗
25. Mathur RB, Chatterjee S, Singh BP (2008) Growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon fibre substrates to produce hybrid/phenolic composites with improved mechanical properties. Compos Sci Technol 68(7–8):1608–1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.02.02010.1016/j.compscitech.2008.02.020 ↗
26. Yao HW, Sui SH, Zhao ZB, Xu ZW, Chen L, Deng H (2016) Optimization of interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via carbon nanotube sizing. Appl Surf Sci 347:583–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.14610.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.146 ↗
27. Zhang RL, Gao B, Ma QH, Zhang J, Cui HZ, Liu L (2016) Directly grafting graphene oxide onto carbon fiber and the effect on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites. Mater Des 93:364–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.00310.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.003 ↗
28. Chen J, Zhao D, Jin X, Wang C, Wang D, Ge H (2014) Modifying glass fibers with graphene oxide: Towards high-performance polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 97:41–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.03.02310.1016/j.compscitech.2014.03.023 ↗
29. Laachachi A, Vivet A, Nouet G, Ben Doudou B, Poilâne C, Chen J, Bo bai J, Ayachi MH (2008) A chemical method to graft carbon nanotubes onto a carbon fiber. Mater Lett 62(3):394–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.05.04410.1016/j.matlet.2007.05.044 ↗
30. Deng C, Jiang J, Liu F, Fang L, Wang J, Li D, Wu J (2015) Effects of electrophoretically deposited graphene oxide coatings on interfacial properties of carbon fiber composite. J Mater Sci 50(17):5886–5892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9138-210.1007/s10853-015-9138-2 ↗
31. Mahmood H, Tripathi M, Pugno N, Pegoretti A (2016) Enhancement of interfacial adhesion in glass fiber/epoxy composites by electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide on glass fibers. Compos Sci Technol 126:149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.02.01610.1016/j.compscitech.2016.02.016 ↗
32. Chen L, Jin H, Xu ZW, Li JL, Guo QW, Shan MJ, Yang CY, Wang Z, Mai W, Cheng BW (2015) Role of a gradient interface layer in interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy hierarchical composites. J Mater Sci 50(1):112–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8571-y10.1007/s10853-014-8571-y ↗
33. Ehlert GJ, Lin YR, Sodano HA (2011) Carboxyl functionalization of carbon fibers through a grafting reaction that preserves fiber tensile strength. Carbon 49(13):4246–4255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.05.05710.1016/j.carbon.2011.05.057 ↗
34. Zhang XQ, Fan XY, Yan C, Li HZ, Zhu YD, Li XT, Yu LP (2012) Interfacial microstructure and properties of carbon fiber composites modified with graphene oxide. ACS Appl Mater Inter 4(3):1543–1552. https://doi.org/10.1021/am201757v10.1021/am201757v ↗
35. Zhao ZB, Teng KY, Li N, Li XJ, Xu ZW, Chen L, Niu JR, Fu HJ, Zhao LH, Liu Y (2017) Mechanical, thermal and interfacial performances of carbon fiber reinforced composites flavored by carbon nanotube in matrix/interface. Compos Struct 159:761–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.02210.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.022 ↗
36. Guo JH, Lu CX, An F (2012) Effect of electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotubes on the interface of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite. J Mater Sci 47(6):2831–2836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6112-510.1007/s10853-011-6112-5 ↗
37. Bekyarova E, Thostenson ET, Yu A, Kim H, Gao J, Tang J, Hahn HT, Chou TW, Itkis ME, Haddon RC (2007) Multiscale carbon nanotube-carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites. Langmuir 23(7):3970–3974. https://doi.org/10.1021/la062743p10.1021/la062743p ↗
38. Zhao Z, Teng K, Li N, Li X, Xu Z, Chen L, Niu J, Fu H, Zhao L, Liu Y (2017) Mechanical, thermal and interfacial performances of carbon fiber reinforced composites flavored by carbon nanotube in matrix/interface. Compos Struct 159:761–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.02210.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.022 ↗
39. Zhang J, Zhuang R, Liu J, Mäder E, Heinrich G, Gao S (2010) Functional interphases with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in glass fibre/epoxy composites. Carbon 48(8):2273–2281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.03.00110.1016/j.carbon.2010.03.001 ↗
40. Milowska KZ, Ghorbani-Asl M, Burda M, Wolanicka L, Catic N, Bristowe PD, Koziol KKK (2017) Breaking the electrical barrier between copper and carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale 9(24):8458–8469. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr02142a10.1039/C7NR02142A ↗
41. Sundaram R, Yamada T, Hata K, Sekiguchi A (2017) Electrical performance of lightweight CNT–Cu composite wires impacted by surface and internal Cu spatial distribution. Sci Rep 7(1):9267. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09279-x10.1038/s41598-017-09279-x ↗
42. Lv P, Tan XW, Yu KH, Zheng RL, Zheng JJ, Wei W (2016) Super-elastic graphene/carbon nanotube aerogel: a novel thermal interface material with highly thermal transport properties. Carbon 99:222–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.02610.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.026 ↗
43. Peng J, Cheng Q (2017) High-performance nanocomposites inspired by nature. Adv Mater 45(29):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170295910.1002/adma.201702959 ↗
44. Chaudhary KT, Rizvi ZH, Bhatti KA, Ali J, Yupapin PP (2013) Multiwalled carbon nanotube synthesis using arc discharge with hydrocarbon as feedstock. J NanoMater 2013:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/10514510.1155/2013/105145 ↗
45. Chen H, Ginzburg VV, Yang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Huang Y, Du L, Chen B (2016) Thermal conductivity of polymer-based composites: fundamentals and applications. Prog Polym Sci 59:41–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.03.00110.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.03.001 ↗
46. Datsyuk V, Trotsenko S, Reich S (2013) Carbon-nanotube-polymer nanofibers with high thermal conductivity. Carbon 52:605–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.04510.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.045 ↗
47. Yao X, Gao X, Jiang J, Xu C, Deng C, Wang J (2018) Comparison of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide coated carbon fiber for improving the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Compos Prat B-eng 132:170–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.01210.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.012 ↗