journal article·2016-06

Recent approaches and future prospects of bacterial cellulose-based electroconductive materials

Xiao Chen, Fanshu Yuan, Heng Zhang, Yang Huang, Jiazhi Yang, Dongping Sun

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 51· Issue 12
Publisher page

Abstract

The interest in studying cellulose especially bacterial cellulose (BC) and BC-based composites has increased dramatically, due to their outstanding properties. Among them, BC-based electroconductive composites seem to capture more attention because of their perfect structure and controllable synthesis as well as potential values. Meanwhile, the development of carbon fibers is becoming a hot spot in recent years. Here, we concentrate on describing their numerous approaches, and some improvements in the process, which are discussed in greater details with an emphasis on their functional properties and potential applications. The challenges in commercial scale applications are discussed and the efficiencies of various electroconductive composites are compared, in order to exploit its far-reaching application value.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Electromagnetic wave absorption materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Gatenholm P, Klemm D (2010) Bacterial nanocellulose as a renewable material for biomedical applications. MRS Bull 35(03):208–21310.1557/mrs2010.653 ↗
2. Brown AJ (1886) XLIII.—On an acetic ferment which forms cellulose. J Chem Soc Trans 49:432–43910.1039/CT8864900432 ↗
3. Yoshinaga F, Tonouchi N, Watanabe K (1997) Research progress in production of bacterial cellulose by aeration and agitation culture and its application as a new industrial material. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 61(2):219–22410.1271/bbb.61.219 ↗
4. Thiruvengadam V, Vitta S (2013) Ni–bacterial cellulose nanocomposite; a magnetically active inorganic–organic hybrid gel. RSC Adv 3(31):12765–1277310.1039/c3ra40944a ↗
5. Iguchi M, Yamanaka S, Budhiono A (2000) Bacterial cellulose—a masterpiece of nature’s arts. J Mater Sci 35(2):261–270. doi: 10.1023/A:100477522914910.1023/A:1004775229149 ↗
6. Huang Y, Zhu C, Yang J, Nie Y, Chen C, Sun D (2014) Recent advances in bacterial cellulose. Cellulose 21(1):1–3010.1007/s10570-013-0088-z ↗
7. Klemm D, Schumann D, Udhardt U, Marsch S (2001) Bacterial synthesized cellulose—artificial blood vessels for microsurgery. Prog Polym Sci 26(9):1561–160310.1016/S0079-6700(01)00021-1 ↗
8. Luo C, Stoyanov SD, Stride E, Pelan E, Edirisinghe M (2012) Electrospinning versus fibre production methods: from specifics to technological convergence. Chem Soc Rev 41(13):4708–473510.1039/c2cs35083a ↗
9. Jradi K, Bideau B, Chabot B, Daneault C (2012) Characterization of conductive composite films based on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers and polypyrrole. J Mater Sci 47(8):3752–3762. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-6226-910.1007/s10853-011-6226-9 ↗
10. Yang J, Sun D, Li J, Yang X, Yu J, Hao Q, Liu W, Liu J, Zou Z, Gu J (2009) In situ deposition of platinum nanoparticles on bacterial cellulose membranes and evaluation of PEM fuel cell performance. Electrochim Acta 54(26):6300–630510.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.073 ↗
11. Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed 44(22):3358–339310.1002/anie.200460587 ↗
12. Olsson RT, Samir MA, Salazar-Alvarez G, Belova L, Ström V, Berglund LA, Ikkala O, Nogues J, Gedde UW (2010) Making flexible magnetic aerogels and stiff magnetic nanopaper using cellulose nanofibrils as templates. Nat Nanotechnol 5(8):584–58810.1038/nnano.2010.155 ↗
13. Legnani C, Vilani C, Calil V, Barud H, Quirino W, Achete C, Ribeiro S, Cremona M (2008) Bacterial cellulose membrane as flexible substrate for organic light emitting devices. Thin Solid Films 517(3):1016–102010.1016/j.tsf.2008.06.011 ↗
14. Zakirov AS, Yuldashev SU, Wang HJ, Lee JC, Kang TW, Mamadalimov AT (2010) Study on electrical transport and photoconductivity in iodine-doped cellulose fibers. J Mater Sci 46(4):896–901. doi: 10.1007/s10853-010-4832-610.1007/s10853-010-4832-6 ↗
15. Klemm D, Kramer F, Moritz S, Lindström T, Ankerfors M, Gray D, Dorris A (2011) Nanocelluloses: a new family of nature-based materials. Angew Chem Int Ed 50(24):5438–546610.1002/anie.201001273 ↗
16. Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Youngblood J (2011) Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 40(7):3941–399410.1039/c0cs00108b ↗
17. Snook GA, Kao P, Best AS (2011) Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes. J Power Sources 196(1):1–1210.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084 ↗
18. Ramya R, Sivasubramanian R, Sangaranarayanan M (2013) Conducting polymers-based electrochemical supercapacitors—progress and prospects. Electrochim Acta 101:109–12910.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.116 ↗
19. Malhotra BD, Chaubey A, Singh S (2006) Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 578(1):59–7410.1016/j.aca.2006.04.055 ↗
20. Bhadra S, Singha NK, Khastgir D (2008) Effect of aromatic substitution in aniline on the properties of polyaniline. Eur Polym J 44(6):1763–177010.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.010 ↗
21. Mihranyan A, Esmaeili M, Razaq A, Alexeichik D, Lindström T (2012) Influence of the nanocellulose raw material characteristics on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of conductive paper electrodes. J Mater Sci 47(10):4463–4472. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6305-610.1007/s10853-012-6305-6 ↗
22. Zhang X, Zhang J, Song W, Liu Z (2006) Controllable synthesis of conducting polypyrrole nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 110(3):1158–116510.1021/jp054335k ↗
23. Müller D, Rambo C, Recouvreux D, Porto L, Barra G (2011) Chemical in situ polymerization of polypyrrole on bacterial cellulose nanofibers. Synth Met 161(1):106–11110.1016/j.synthmet.2010.11.005 ↗
24. Shi Z, Gao H, Feng J, Ding B, Cao X, Kuga S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Cai J (2014) In situ synthesis of robust conductive cellulose/polypyrrole composite aerogels and their potential application in nerve regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed 53(21):5380–538410.1002/anie.201402751 ↗
25. Wang H, Bian L, Zhou P, Tang J, Tang W (2013) Core–sheath structured bacterial cellulose/polypyrrole nanocomposites with excellent conductivity as supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A 1(3):578–58410.1039/C2TA00040G ↗
26. Xu J, Zhu L, Bai Z, Liang G, Liu L, Fang D, Xu W (2013) Conductive polypyrrole–bacterial cellulose nanocomposite membranes as flexible supercapacitor electrode. Org Electron 14(12):3331–333810.1016/j.orgel.2013.09.042 ↗
27. Li S, Huang D, Yang J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Yang G, Wang M, Shen Y (2014) Freestanding bacterial cellulose–polypyrrole nanofibres paper electrodes for advanced energy storage devices. Nano Energy 9:309–31710.1016/j.nanoen.2014.08.004 ↗
28. Su F, Poh CK, Chen JS, Xu G, Wang D, Li Q, Lin J, Lou XW (2011) Nitrogen-containing microporous carbon nanospheres with improved capacitive properties. Energy Environ Sci 4(3):717–72410.1039/C0EE00277A ↗
29. Olsson H, Carlsson DO, Nyström G, Sjödin M, Nyholm L, Strømme M (2012) Influence of the cellulose substrate on the electrochemical properties of paper-based polypyrrole electrode materials. J Mater Sci 47(13):5317–5325. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6418-y10.1007/s10853-012-6418-y ↗
30. Muller D, Rambo CR, Porto LM, Schreiner WH, Barra GM (2013) Structure and properties of polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 94(1):655–662. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.04110.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.041 ↗
31. Yuan L, Yao B, Hu B, Huo K, Chen W, Zhou J (2013) Polypyrrole-coated paper for flexible solid-state energy storage. Energy Environ Sci 6(2):470–47610.1039/c2ee23977a ↗
32. Feng Y, Zhang X, Shen Y, Yoshino K, Feng W (2012) A mechanically strong, flexible and conductive film based on bacterial cellulose/graphene nanocomposite. Carbohydr Polym 87(1):644–649. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.03910.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.039 ↗
33. Casado U, Quintanilla R, Aranguren M, Marcovich N (2012) Composite films based on shape memory polyurethanes and nanostructured polyaniline or cellulose–polyaniline particles. Synth Met 162(17):1654–166410.1016/j.synthmet.2012.07.020 ↗
34. Kebiche H, Debarnot D, Merzouki A, Poncin-Epaillard F, Haddaoui N (2012) Relationship between ammonia sensing properties of polyaniline nanostructures and their deposition and synthesis methods. Anal Chim Acta 737:64–7110.1016/j.aca.2012.06.003 ↗
35. Shi Z, Zang S, Jiang F, Huang L, Lu D, Ma Y, Yang G (2012) In situ nano-assembly of bacterial cellulose–polyaniline composites. Rsc Adv 2(3):1040–104610.1039/C1RA00719J ↗
36. Hu W, Chen S, Yang Z, Liu L, Wang H (2011) Flexible electrically conductive nanocomposite membrane based on bacterial cellulose and polyaniline. J Phys Chem B 115(26):8453–845710.1021/jp204422v ↗
37. Park M, Cheng J, Choi J, Kim J, Hyun J (2013) Electromagnetic nanocomposite of bacterial cellulose using magnetite nanoclusters and polyaniline. Colloids Surf B 102:238–24210.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.07.046 ↗
38. Lin Z, Guan Z, Huang Z (2013) New bacterial cellulose/polyaniline nanocomposite film with one conductive side through constrained interfacial polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(8):2869–287410.1021/ie303297b ↗
39. Liu D, Sui G, Bhattacharyya D (2014) Synthesis and characterisation of nanocellulose-based polyaniline conducting films. Compos Sci Technol 99:31–3610.1016/j.compscitech.2014.05.001 ↗
40. Wang H, Zhu E, Yang J, Zhou P, Sun D, Tang W (2012) Bacterial cellulose nanofiber-supported polyaniline nanocomposites with flake-shaped morphology as supercapacitor electrodes. J Phys Chem C 116(24):13013–1301910.1021/jp301099r ↗
41. Lai F, Miao Y-E, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liu T (2015) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposites derived from bacterial cellulose for high-efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b06274
42. Xu D, Xiao X, Cai J, Zhou J, Zhang L (2015) Highly rate and cycling stable electrode materials constructed from polyaniline/cellulose nanoporous microspheres. J Mater Chem A 3(32):16424–1642910.1039/C5TA03917G ↗
43. Khan S, Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Ullah MW, Park JK (2015) Bacterial cellulose–poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly (styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. Carbohydr Polym 127:86–9310.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.055 ↗
44. Huang L, Chen K, Peng C, Gerhardt RA (2011) Highly conductive paper fabricated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) by unidirectional drying. J Mater Sci 46(20):6648–6655. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5617-210.1007/s10853-011-5617-2 ↗
45. Chen C, Yu Y, Li K, Zhao M, Liu L, Yang J, Liu J, Sun D (2015) Facile approach to the fabrication of 3D electroconductive nanofibers with controlled size and conductivity templated by bacterial cellulose. Cellulose 22(6):3929–393910.1007/s10570-015-0770-4 ↗
46. Chen C, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Feng Z, Zhu C, Yu Y, Li K, Zhao M, Yang J, Liu J (2015) Three-dimensional BC/PEDOT composite nanofibers with high performance for electrode-cell interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b07273
47. Wang F, Jeon J-H, Park S, Kee C-D, Kim S-J, Oh I-K (2016) A soft biomolecule actuator based on a highly functionalized bacterial cellulose nano-fiber network with carboxylic acid groups. Soft Matter. doi: 10.1039/c5sm00707k
48. Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6(3):183–19110.1038/nmat1849 ↗
49. Castro Neto AH, Guinea F, Peres NMR, Novoselov KS, Geim AK (2009) The electronic properties of graphene. Rev Mod Phys 81(1):109–162. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.10910.1103/RevModPhys.81.109 ↗
50. Geim AK (2009) Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324(5934):1530–153410.1126/science.1158877 ↗
51. Li K, Feng L, Shen J, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Lee ST, Liu J (2014) Patterned substrates of nano-graphene oxide mediating highly localized and efficient gene delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(8):5900–5907. doi: 10.1021/am500813410.1021/am5008134 ↗
52. Valentini L, Bittolo Bon S, Fortunati E, Kenny JM (2013) Preparation of transparent and conductive cellulose nanocrystals/graphene nanoplatelets films. J Mater Sci 49(3):1009–1013. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7776-910.1007/s10853-013-7776-9 ↗
53. Shao W, Liu H, Liu X, Wang S, Zhang R (2015) Anti-bacterial performances and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide composites. RSC Adv 5(7):4795–480310.1039/C4RA13057J ↗
54. Luo H, Xiong G, Yang Z, Raman SR, Si H, Wan Y (2014) A novel three-dimensional graphene/bacterial cellulose nanocomposite prepared by in situ biosynthesis. Rsc Adv 4(28):14369–1437210.1039/c4ra00318g ↗
55. Liu Y, Zhou J, Zhu E, Tang J, Liu X, Tang W (2015) Facile synthesis of bacterial cellulose fibres covalently intercalated with graphene oxide by one-step cross-linking for robust supercapacitors. J Mater Chem C 3(5):1011–1017. doi: 10.1039/C4TC01822B10.1039/C4TC01822B ↗
56. Wang J, Feng M, Zhan H (2014) Preparation, characterization, and nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide-carboxymethyl cellulose composite films. Opt Laser Technol 57:84–8910.1016/j.optlastec.2013.09.040 ↗
57. Muller D, Silva JP, Rambo C, Barra G, Dourado F, Gama F (2013) Neuronal cells’ behavior on polypyrrole coated bacterial nanocellulose three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 24(11):1368–137710.1080/09205063.2012.761058 ↗
58. Liu Y, Zhou J, Tang J, Tang W (2015) Three-dimensional, chemically bonded polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose/graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors. Chem Mater 27(20):7034–704110.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03060 ↗
59. Lota G, Fic K, Frackowiak E (2011) Carbon nanotubes and their composites in electrochemical applications. Energy Environ Sci 4(5):1592–160510.1039/c0ee00470g ↗
60. Kim B, Chung H, Kim W (2012) High-performance supercapacitors based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and nonaqueous electrolytes. Nanotechnology 23(15):15540110.1088/0957-4484/23/15/155401 ↗
61. Park W-I, Kim H-S, Kwon S-M, Hong Y-H, Jin H-J (2009) Synthesis of bacterial celluloses in multiwalled carbon nanotube-dispersed medium. Carbohydr Polym 77(3):457–46310.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.021 ↗
62. Yan Z, Chen S, Wang H, Wang B, Wang C, Jiang J (2008) Cellulose synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbohydr Res 343(1):73–8010.1016/j.carres.2007.10.024 ↗
63. Yan Z, Chen S, Wang H, Wang B, Jiang J (2008) Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotubes in agitated culture. Carbohydr Polym 74(3):659–66510.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.028 ↗
64. Yoon SH, Jin H-J, Kook M-C, Pyun YR (2006) Electrically conductive bacterial cellulose by incorporation of carbon nanotubes. Biomacromolecules 7(4):1280–128410.1021/bm050597g ↗
65. Farjana S, Toomadj F, Lundgren P, Sanz-Velasco A, Naboka O, Enoksson P (2013) Conductivity-dependent strain response of carbon nanotube treated bacterial nanocellulose. J Sens10.1155/2013/741248 ↗
66. Meng C, Liu C, Chen L, Hu C, Fan S (2010) Highly flexible and all-solid-state paperlike polymer supercapacitors. Nano Lett 10(10):4025–403110.1021/nl1019672 ↗
67. Miller JR, Simon P (2008) Electrochemical capacitors for energy management. Sci Mag 321(5889):651–652
68. Simon P, Gogotsi Y (2008) Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nat Mater 7(11):845–85410.1038/nmat2297 ↗
69. Kang YJ, Chun S-J, Lee S-S, Kim B-Y, Kim JH, Chung H, Lee S-Y, Kim W (2012) All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors fabricated with bacterial nanocellulose papers, carbon nanotubes, and triblock-copolymer ion gels. ACS Nano 6(7):6400–640610.1021/nn301971r ↗
70. O-Rak K, Ummartyotin S, Sain M, Manuspiya H (2013) Covalently grafted carbon nanotube on bacterial cellulose composite for flexible touch screen application. Mater Lett 107:247–25010.1016/j.matlet.2013.05.126 ↗
71. Kim YH, Park S, Won K, Kim HJ, Lee SH (2013) Bacterial cellulose–carbon nanotube composite as a biocompatible electrode for the direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88(6):1067–107010.1002/jctb.3939 ↗
72. Chen P, Kim H-S, Kwon S-M, Yun YS, Jin H-J (2009) Regenerated bacterial cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite fibers prepared by wet-spinning. Curr Appl Phys 9(2):e96–e9910.1016/j.cap.2008.12.038 ↗
73. Chen P, Yun YS, Bak H, Cho SY, Jin H-J (2010) Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-embedded electrospun bacterial cellulose nanofibers. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 519(1):169–17810.1080/15421401003613659 ↗
74. Huang HX, Chen SX, Ce Yuan (2008) Platinum nanoparticles supported on activated carbon fiber as catalyst for methanol oxidation. J Power Sources 175(1):166–17410.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.107 ↗
75. Yuan D, Huang X, Yan J, Yu W, Meng H, Rong J (2013) Porous carbon nanofibers derived from bacterial cellulose for sustainable energy storage. Sci Adv Mater 5(11):1694–170010.1166/sam.2013.1625 ↗
76. Liu Y, Qin W, Wang Q, Liu R, Liu H (2014) Glassy carbon nanofibers from electrospun cellulose nanofiber. J Mater Sci 50(2):563–569. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8612-610.1007/s10853-014-8612-6 ↗
77. Wu Z-Y, Li C, Liang H-W, Zhang Y-N, Wang X, Chen J-F, Yu S-H (2014) Carbon nanofiber aerogels for emergent cleanup of oil spillage and chemical leakage under harsh conditions. Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/srep04079
78. Wu ZY, Li C, Liang HW, Chen JF, Yu SH (2013) Ultralight, flexible, and fire-resistant carbon nanofiber aerogels from bacterial cellulose. Angew Chem 125(10):2997–300110.1002/ange.201209676 ↗
79. Dumanlı AG, Windle AH (2012) Carbon fibres from cellulosic precursors: a review. J Mater Sci 47(10):4236–4250. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-6081-810.1007/s10853-011-6081-8 ↗
80. Lee K-Y, Qian H, Tay FH, Blaker JJ, Kazarian SG, Bismarck A (2012) Bacterial cellulose as source for activated nanosized carbon for electric double layer capacitors. J Mater Sci 48(1):367–376. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6754-y10.1007/s10853-012-6754-y ↗
81. Wu Z-Y, Liang H-W, Li C, Hu B-C, Xu X-X, Wang Q, Chen J-F, Yu S-H (2014) Dyeing bacterial cellulose pellicles for energetic heteroatom doped carbon nanofiber aerogels. Nano Res 7(12):1861–187210.1007/s12274-014-0546-4 ↗
82. Tong S, Zheng M, Lu Y, Lin Z, Zhang X, He P, Zhou H (2015) Binder-free carbonized bacterial cellulose-supported ruthenium nanoparticles for Li–O2 batteries. Chem Commun 51(34):7302–730410.1039/C5CC01114K ↗
83. Huang Y, Wang T, Ji M, Yang J, Zhu C, Sun D (2014) Simple preparation of carbonized bacterial cellulose–Pt composite as a high performance electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Mater Lett 128:93–9610.1016/j.matlet.2014.04.128 ↗
84. Wang S, Liu K, Liu J, Yu ZT, Xu X, Zhao L, Lee T, Lee EK, Reiss J, Lee YK, Chung LW, Huang J, Rettig M, Seligson D, Duraiswamy KN, Shen CK, Tseng HR (2011) Highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells by using nanostructured silicon substrates with integrated chaotic micromixers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 50(13):3084–3088. doi: 10.1002/anie.20100585310.1002/anie.201005853 ↗
85. Huang Y, Zheng M, Lin Z, Zhao B, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhu C, Zhang H, Sun D, Shi Y (2015) Flexible cathodes and multifunctional interlayers based on carbonized bacterial cellulose for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. J Mater Chem A 3(20):10910–1091810.1039/C5TA01515D ↗
86. Wang L, Schütz C, Salazar-Alvarez G, Titirici M-M (2014) Carbon aerogels from bacterial nanocellulose as anodes for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 4(34):17549–1755410.1039/c3ra47853j ↗
87. Wan Y, Yang Z, Xiong G, Guo R, Liu Z, Luo H (2015) Anchoring Fe3O4 nanoparticles on three-dimensional carbon nanofibers toward flexible high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 294:414–41910.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.057 ↗
88. Cruz-Silva E, Lopez-Urias F, Munoz-Sandoval E, Sumpter BG, Terrones H, Charlier J-C, Meunier V, Terrones M (2009) Electronic transport and mechanical properties of phosphorus-and phosphorus—nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 3(7):1913–192110.1021/nn900286h ↗
89. Hu Z, Li S, Cheng P, Yu W, Li R, Shao X, Lin W, Yuan D (2015) N, P-co-doped carbon nanowires prepared from bacterial cellulose for supercapacitor. J Mater Sci 51(5):2627–2633. doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9576-x10.1007/s10853-015-9576-x ↗
90. Chen LF, Huang ZH, Liang HW, Guan QF, Yu SH (2013) Bacterial-cellulose-derived carbon nanofiber@ MnO2 and nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber electrode materials: an asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy and power density. Adv Mater 25(34):4746–475210.1002/adma.201204949 ↗
91. Meng F, Li L, Wu Z, Zhong H, Li J, Yan J (2014) Facile preparation of N-doped carbon nanofiber aerogels from bacterial cellulose as an efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst. Chin J Catal 35(6):877–88310.1016/S1872-2067(14)60126-1 ↗
92. Liang H-W, Wu Z-Y, Chen L-F, Li C, Yu S-H (2015) Bacterial cellulose derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber aerogel: an efficient metal-free oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery. Nano Energy 11:366–37610.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.008 ↗
93. Chen L-F, Zhang X-D, Liang H-W, Kong M, Guan Q-F, Chen P, Wu Z-Y, Yu S-H (2012) Synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. ACS Nano 6(8):7092–710210.1021/nn302147s ↗
94. Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Kodama M, Shiraishi S, Hatori H, Zhu ZH, Lu GQ (2009) Nitrogen-enriched nonporous carbon electrodes with extraordinary supercapacitance. Adv Funct Mater 19(11):1800–180910.1002/adfm.200801100 ↗
95. Cao B, Zhang B, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Pan C (2011) Direct synthesis of high concentration N-doped coiled carbon nanofibers from amine flames and its electrochemical properties. J Power Sources 196(18):7868–787310.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.016 ↗
96. Lota G, Lota K, Frackowiak E (2007) Nanotubes based composites rich in nitrogen for supercapacitor application. Electrochem Commun 9(7):1828–183210.1016/j.elecom.2007.04.015 ↗
97. Chen L-F, Huang Z-H, Liang H-W, Yao W-T, Yu Z-Y, Yu S-H (2013) Flexible all-solid-state high-power supercapacitor fabricated with nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber electrode material derived from bacterial cellulose. Energy Environ Sci 6(11):3331–333810.1039/c3ee42366b ↗
98. Yu W, Lin W, Shao X, Hu Z, Li R, Yuan D (2014) High performance supercapacitor based on Ni3S2/carbon nanofibers and carbon nanofibers electrodes derived from bacterial cellulose. J Power Sources 272:137–143. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.06410.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.064 ↗
99. Chen LF, Huang ZH, Liang HW, Gao HL, Yu SH (2014) Three-dimensional heteroatom-doped carbon nanofiber networks derived from bacterial cellulose for supercapacitors. Adv Funct Mater 24(32):5104–5111. doi: 10.1002/adfm.20140059010.1002/adfm.201400590 ↗
100. Li S, Huang D, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang M, Yang G, Shen Y (2014) Flexible supercapacitors based on bacterial cellulose paper electrodes. Adv Energy Mater 4(10):1301655–130166110.1002/aenm.201301655 ↗