Fabrication of plate-on-plate Z-scheme SnS2/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Source abstract
Abstract
A class of direct plate-on-plate Z-scheme heterojunction SnS2/Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Fourier transform infrared photoluminescence emission spectra, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was estimated via the degradation of crystal violet (CV) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The experimental results indicated that the 5 wt% SnS2/Bi2MoO6 composites exhibited significantly enhanced performance in contrast to pure Bi2MoO6 or SnS2 nanoflakes, and were also superior to the popular TiO2 (P25). The degradation reaction accorded well with the first-order reaction kinetics equation; the rate constant of CV using a SnS2 content of 5 wt% photocatalyst was ~ 3.6 times that of the Bi2MoO6 and 2.4 times that of SnS2. Furthermore, a SnS2 content of 5 wt% exhibited a 1.7 times higher photocatalytic activity of CIP than that of pure Bi2MoO6, and 1.3 times that of pure SnS2. Radical trapping experiments and an electron spin resonance technique indicated that h+ and ·OH were the dominant active species involved in the degradation process. A plasmonic Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was proposed to explain the superior photocatalytic activities and efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (46)
Show source-provided references
1. Fakhri A, Nejad PA (2016) Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles and application of this for degradation of ketamine under different light illumination. J Phys Chem B 159:211–217
2. Fakhri A, Behrouz S (2015) Photocatalytic properties of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles for degradation of Lidocaine under visible and sunlight irradiation. Sol Energy 112:163–16810.1016/j.solener.2014.11.014 ↗
3. Mohammadi S, Sohrabi M, Golikand A, Fakhri A (2016) Preparation and characterization of zinc and copper co-doped WO3 nanoparticles: application in photocatalysis and photobiology. J Phys Chem B 161:217–221
4. Fakhri A, Azad M, Tahami S (2017) Degradation of toxin via ultraviolet and sunlight photocatalysis using ZnO quantum dots/CuO nanosheets composites: preparation and characterization studies. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28:16397–1640210.1007/s10854-017-7550-x ↗
5. Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238:37–3810.1038/238037a0 ↗
6. Likodimos V, Chrysi A, Calamiotou M, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Dona-Rodríguez JM, Dionysiouc DD, Falaras P (2016) Microstructure and charge trapping assessment in highly reactive mixed phase TiO2 photocatalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 192:242–25210.1016/j.apcatb.2016.03.068 ↗
7. Ayekoe PY, Robert D, Goné DL (2015) TiO2/Bi2O3 photocatalysts for elimination of water contaminants. Part 1: synthesis of α-and β-Bi2O3 nanoparticles. Environ Chem Lett 13:327–33210.1007/s10311-015-0505-7 ↗
8. Dutta DP, Roy M, Tyagi AK (2012) Dual function of rare earth doped nano Bi2O3: white light emission and photocatalytic properties. Dalton Trans 41:10238–1024810.1039/c2dt30653k ↗
9. An HZ, Du Y, Wang TM, Wang C, Hao WC, Zhang JY (2008) Photocatalytic properties of BIOX (X = Cl, Br, and I). Rare Met 27:243–25010.1016/S1001-0521(08)60123-0 ↗
10. Long MC, Cai WM, Cai J, Zhou BX, Chai XY, Wu YH (2006) Efficient photocatalytic degradation of phenol over Co3O4/BiVO4 composite under visible light irradiation. J Phys Chem B 110:20211–2021610.1021/jp063441z ↗
11. Fulekar MH, Singh A, Dutta DP, Roy M, Ballald A, Tyagi AK (2014) Ag incorporated nano BiPO4: sonochemical synthesis, characterization and improved visible light photocatalytic properties. Rsc Adv 4:10097–1010710.1039/c3ra44488k ↗
12. Dutta DP, Mandal BP, Naik R, Lawes G, Tyagi AK (2013) Magnetic, ferroelectric, and magnetocapacitive properties of sonochemically synthesized Sc-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles. J Phys Chem 117:2382–2389
13. Zhang JL, Ma Z (2017) Flower-like Ag2MoO4/Bi2MoO6 heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 71:156–16410.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.030 ↗
14. Xu YS, Zhang WD (2013) Anion exchange strategy for construction of sesame-biscuit-like Bi2O2CO3/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B Environ 140:306–31610.1016/j.apcatb.2013.04.019 ↗
15. Fakhri A, Rashidi S, Tyagi I, Agarwal S, Gupta V (2016) Photodegradation of Erythromycin antibiotic by γ-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocomposite: response surface methodology modeling and optimization. J Mol Liq 214:378–38310.1016/j.molliq.2015.11.037 ↗
16. Venugopal K, Rather HA, Rajagopal K, Shanthi MP, Sheriff K, Illiyas M, Rather RA, Manikandan E, Uvarajan S, Bhaskar M, Maaza M (2017) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for anticancer activities (MCF 7 breast and A549 lung cell lines) of the crude extract of Syzygium aromaticum. J Phys Chem B 167:282–289
17. Sun MH, Yin YY, Song CW, Wang YG, Xiao JK, Qu SC, Zheng WB, Li C, Dong W, Zhang L (2016) Preparation of Bi2MoO6 nanomaterials and theirs gas-sensing properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym 26:294–30110.1007/s10904-015-0316-0 ↗
18. Dutta DP, Ballal A, Chopade S, Kumar A (2017) A study on the effect of transition metal (Ti4+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+)-doping on visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 nanorods. J Photochem Photobiol A 346:105–11210.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.044 ↗
19. Yu CL, Wu Z, Liu RY, Dionysiou DD, Yang K, Wang CY, Liu H (2017) Novel fluorinated Bi2MoO6 nanocrystals for efficient photocatalytic removal of water organic pollutants under different light source illumination. Appl Catal B Environ 209:1–1110.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.057 ↗
20. Lv JL, Dai K, Zhang JF, Geng L, Liang CH, Liu QC, Zhu GP, Chen C (2015) Facile synthesis of Z-scheme graphitic-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposite for enhanced visible photocatalytic properties. Appl Surf Sci 358:377–38410.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.183 ↗
21. Li SJ, Hu SW, Zhang JL, Jiang W, Liu JS (2017) Facile synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles anchored on Bi2MoO6 microflowers with improved visible light photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 497:93–10110.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.069 ↗
22. Ke J, Duan XG, Luo S, Zhang HY, Sun HQ, Liu J, Tade M, Wang SB (2017) UV-assisted construction of 3D hierarchical rGO/Bi2MoO6 composites for enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation. Chem Eng J 313:1447–145310.1016/j.cej.2016.11.048 ↗
23. Xu YS, Zhang WD (2013) Anion exchange strategy for construction of sesame-biscuit-like Bi2O2CO3/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B Environ 140:306–31610.1016/j.apcatb.2013.04.019 ↗
24. Yue D, Chen DM, Wang ZH, Ding H, Zong RL, Zhu YF (2014) Enhancement of visible photocatalytic performances of a Bi2MoO6–BiOCl nanocomposite with plate-on-plate heterojunction structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:26314–2632110.1039/C4CP03865G ↗
25. Fakhri A, Behrouz S (2015) Assessment of SnS2 nanoparticles properties for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. Sol Energy 117:187–19110.1016/j.solener.2015.04.016 ↗
26. Fakhri A, Kahi DS (2017) Synthesis and characterization of MnS2/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids for with photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. J Photochem Photobiol B 166:259–26310.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.017 ↗
27. Fakhri A, Behrouz S, Pourmand M (2015) Synthesis, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of SnO2, SnS2 and SnO2/SnS2 nanostructure. J Photochem Photobiol B 149:45–5010.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.017 ↗
28. Fakhri A, Khakpour R (2015) Synthesis and characterization of carbon or/and boron-doped CdS nanoparticles and investigation of optical and photoluminescence properties. J Lumin 160:233–23710.1016/j.jlumin.2014.12.019 ↗
29. Fakhri A, Naji M, Fatolahi L, Nejad PA (2017) Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 and CdTe quantum dots anchored SnO2 nanofibers and SnO2 nanospheres for degradation and removal of two carcinogen substance. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28:16484–1649210.1007/s10854-017-7560-8 ↗
30. Luo J, Zhou XS, Ma LM, Xu XY, Du ZH, Zhang JQ (2016) Enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity of direct Z-scheme SnS2/Ag3PO4 heterojunction photocatalysts. Mater Res Bull 81:16–2610.1016/j.materresbull.2016.04.028 ↗
31. Di TM, Zhu BC, Cheng B, Yu JG, Xu JS (2017) A direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/SnS2 photocatalyst with superior visible-light CO2 reduction performance. J Catal 352:532–54110.1016/j.jcat.2017.06.006 ↗
32. Li HP, Deng QH, Liu JY, Hou WG, Du N, Zhang RJ, Tao XT (2014) Synthesis, characterization and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6/Zn–Al layered double hydroxide hierarchical heterostructures. Catal Sci Technol 4:1028–103710.1039/C3CY00940H ↗
33. Miao YC, Yin HB, Peng L, Huo YN, Li HX (2016) BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 composite in flower-like microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. RSC Adv 6:13498–1350410.1039/C5RA18987J ↗
34. Li HP, Liu JY, Hou WG, Du N, Zhang RJ, Tao XT (2014) Synthesis and characterization of gC3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterojunctions with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B Environ 160:89–9710.1016/j.apcatb.2014.05.019 ↗
35. Zhang MY, Shao CL, Zhang P, Su CY, Zhang X, Liang PP, Sun YY, Liu YC (2012) Bi2MoO6 microtubes: controlled fabrication by using electrospun polyacrylonitrile microfibers as template and their enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 225:155–16310.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.006 ↗
36. Liu YP, Chen P, Chen Y, Lu HD, Wang JX, Yang ZS, Lu ZH, Li M, Fang L (2016) In situ ion-exchange synthesis of SnS2/g-C3N4 nanosheets heterojunction for enhancing photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 6:10802–1080910.1039/C5RA21506D ↗
37. Khélia C, Boubaker K, Nasrallah TB, Amlouk M, Belgacem S (2009) Morphological and thermal properties of β-SnS2 sprayed thin films using Boubaker polynomials expansion. J Alloys Compd 477:461–46710.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.051 ↗
38. Vasconcelos TG, Kümmerer K, Henriques DM, Martins AF (2009) Ciprofloxacin in hospital effluent: degradation by ozone and photoprocesses. J Hazard Mater 169:1154–115810.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.143 ↗
39. Zhao W, Ma WH, Chen CC, Zhao JC, Shuai ZG (2004) Efficient degradation of toxic organic pollutants with Ni2O3/TiO2−xB x under visible irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 126:4782–478310.1021/ja0396753 ↗
40. Xu YS, Yu YX, Zhang WD (2014) Wide bandgap Bi2O2CO3-coupled Bi2MoO6 heterostructured hollow microspheres: one-pot synthesis and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:6800–680810.1166/jnn.2014.8974 ↗
41. Zhang J, Niu CG, Ke J, Zhou LF, Zeng GM (2015) Ag/AgCl/Bi2MoO6 composite nanosheets: a plasmonic Z-scheme visible light photocatalyst. Catal Commun 59:30–3410.1016/j.catcom.2014.09.041 ↗
42. Zhang JL, Zhang LS, Yu N, Xu KB, Li SJ, Wang HL, Liu JS (2015) Flower-like Bi2S3/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction superstructures with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 5:75081–7508810.1039/C5RA13148K ↗
43. Hiroaki T, Tomohiro M, Tomokazu K, Tomoki A, Koji T (2006) All-solid-state Z-scheme in CdS–Au–TiO2 three-component nanojunction system. Nat Mater 5:782–78610.1038/nmat1734 ↗
44. Katsumata H, Sakai T, Suzuki T, Kaneco S (2014) Highly efficient photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 hybrid photocatalysts through Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism under visible light. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:8018–802510.1021/ie5012036 ↗
45. Zhang WP, Xiao XY, Zeng XY, Li Y, Zheng LL, Wan CX (2016) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles using SnS2/RGO hybrid as co-catalyst: DFT study and photocatalytic mechanism. J Alloys Compd 685:774–78310.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.199 ↗
46. Hao YC, Dong XL, Zhai SR, Wang XY, Ma HC, Zhang XF (2016) Towards understanding the photocatalytic activity enhancement of ordered mesoporous Bi2MoO6 crystals prepared via a novel vacuum-assisted nanocasting method. RSC Adv 6:35709–3571810.1039/C6RA05796A ↗