The structural efficiency of orthotropic stalks, stems and tubes
Source abstract
Abstract
An optimised structure is one which uses the smallest quantity of the best material to perform its function, with adequate safety factor or margin for error. Structural optimisation occurs not only in mechanical engineering, but also in nature: plants with hollow stems or stalks gain a height advantage, and are thus more efficient, by approaching the optimum shape. Here we consider the optimisation of orthotropic tubes, typifying, in a mechanical sense, stalk and stem. The stiffness and strength of orthotropic tubes of initially circular section are reviewed, and diagrams are proposed which allow the optimum section shape to be selected.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Analysis and Optimization · Topology Optimization in Engineering · Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. Amada S, Munekata T, Nagase Y, Ichikawa Y, Kirigai A, Yang ZF (1996) J Comp Mat 30:80010.1177/002199839603000703 ↗
2. Arce-Villalobos OA (1993) Fundamentals of the design of bamboo structures. PhD Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
3. Niklas KJ (1989) Am J Bot 76:52110.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11343.x ↗
4. Niklas KJ (1992) Plant biomechanics: an engineering approach to plant form and function. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
5. Niklas KJ (1995) Ann Bot 75:13310.1006/anbo.1995.1004 ↗
6. Niklas KJ (1997a) Ann Bot 80:27510.1006/anbo.1997.0452 ↗
7. Niklas KJ (1997b) Ann Bot 80:43710.1006/anbo.1997.0463 ↗
8. Niklas KJ (1998) Ann Bot 81:1110.1006/anbo.1997.0505 ↗
9. Spatz HC, Speck T, Vogellehner D (1990) Bot Acta 103:12310.1111/j.1438-8677.1990.tb00137.x ↗
10. Spatz HC, Boomgaarden C, Speck T (1993) Bot Acta 106:254
11. Spatz HC, Speck T (1994) Biomimetics 2:149
12. Spatz HC, Kohler L, Speck T (1998) Am J Bot 85:30510.2307/2446321 ↗
13. Speck T, Speck O, Emanns A, Spatz HC (1998) Bot Acta 111:36610.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00721.x ↗
14. Schulgasser K, Witztum A (1997) Ann Bot 80:3510.1006/anbo.1997.0404 ↗
15. Cecchini LS, Weaver PM (2002) AIAA J 40:213610.2514/2.1551 ↗
16. Corona E, Rodrigues A (1995) Comp Eng 5:16310.1016/0961-9526(95)90711-J ↗
17. Fabian O (1977) Int J Sol Struct 13:125710.1016/0020-7683(77)90099-3 ↗
18. Gerard G (1968) Minimum weight design of compressive structures. New York University Press/Interscience, New York
19. Harursampath D, Hodges DH (1999) Int J Non-Linear Mech 34:100310.1016/S0020-7462(98)00070-5 ↗
20. Kedward KT (1978) In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on composite materials (ICCM/2). Met Soc of AIME p 353
21. Libai A, Bert CW (1994a) Int J Sol Struct 31:100310.1016/0020-7683(94)90008-6 ↗
22. Libai A, Bert CW (1994b) Int J Sol Struct 31:101910.1016/0020-7683(94)90009-4 ↗
23. NASA (1968) Space vehicles design criteria (structures)—buckling of thin-walled circular cylinders. Technical Report NASA SP-8007, NASA
24. Tatting BF, Gürdal Z, Vasiliev VV (1996) AIAA J 34:193410.2514/3.13328 ↗
25. Tatting BF, Gürdal Z, Vasiliev VV (1997) Int J Solids Struct 34:141910.1016/S0020-7683(96)00094-7 ↗
26. Tsai SW, Wu EM (1971) J Comp Mater 5:5810.1177/002199837100500106 ↗
27. Schulgasser K, Witztum A (1992) J Theor Biol 155:49710.1016/S0022-5193(05)80632-0 ↗
28. Brazier LG (1927) Proc Roy Soc Lond A 116:10410.1098/rspa.1927.0125 ↗
29. Calladine CR (1983) Theory of shell structures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge10.1017/CBO9780511624278 ↗
30. Ghavami K (1990) In: Ramanuja Rao I, Gnanaharan R, Sastry C (eds) Proceedings of the international bamboo workshop held in Cochin, India, 14–18 November. The Kerala Forest Research Institute, India and International Development Research Centre, Canada, p 235
31. Li S, Fu S, Zeng Q, Zhao X, Zhou B (1994) Biomimetics 2:15
32. Oda J (1980) Trans Japan Soc Mech Eng Ser A 46:99710.1299/kikaia.46.997 ↗
33. Ueda K (1980) Res Bull Coll Exp For Hokkaido University 37:817
34. Akselrad EL (1965) Izv Akad Nauk USSR, Otdelenie Teknicheskikh Nauk Mech No 4:123
35. Seide P, Weingarten V (1961) J Appl Mech 28:11210.1115/1.3640420 ↗
36. Suo Z (1990a) J Appl Mech 57:62710.1115/1.2897068 ↗
37. Suo Z (1990b) Proc R Soc Lond A 427:33110.1098/rspa.1990.0016 ↗
38. Wegst UGK, Ashby MF (2004) Phil Mag 84:216710.1080/14786430410001680935 ↗
39. Karam GN, Gibson JL (1995a) Int J Sol Struct 32:125910.1016/0020-7683(94)00147-O ↗
40. Karam GN, Gibson JL (1995b) Int J Sol Struct 32:128510.1016/0020-7683(94)00148-P ↗
41. Young WC (1989) Roark’s formulas for stress and strain, 6th edn. McGraw-Hill, London
42. Mosbrugger V (1990) The tree habit in land plants. Lecture notes in Earth Sciences: 28. Springer, Berlin
43. Liese W (1985) Bamboos: biology, silvics, properties, utilization (Schriftenreihe der GTZ, Nr. 180, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Dag-Hammerskjöld-Weg 1+2, D-65760 Eschborn, Germany)