Flexible Piezoelectric Sensor for Real-Time Comprehensive Cardiovascular Monitoring

Wearable cardiovascular monitoring requires sensitive sensors and body-conforming electronics for reliable and automatic signal processing. Here, we present a fully self-contained platform that integrates a piezoelectric nanofibrous sensor with a custom flexible printed circuit board (PCB) for on-body charge amplification and filtering. Fabricated on a polyimide substrate with an ultralow bias current amplifier, the PCB preserves high-impedance piezoelectric signals for on-body signal processing. Electromechanical tests verified stable, linear performance improved by thermal annealing. System-level evaluation showed robust operation during cardiovascular monitoring, capturing radial, carotid, and seismocardiogram signals and extracting key cardiac parameters, demonstrating its potential as a practical, comprehensive, and wearable biosensing solution.