Effects of particle surface modification on magnetic behavior of soft magnetic Fe@SiO2 composites and Fe compacts
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The study aims to evaluate the influence of surface modification of Fe powder on the magnetic behavior of soft magnetic compacts and composites that can possibly enhance their properties. The smoothing of ferromagnetic particle surfaces led to a decrease in the total energy loss as the most evident positive impact in all investigated classes (max. by 11% for small, 63–125 μm particle-based annealed Fe compacts, at max. induction 0.5 T and frequency 100 Hz) and to a partial increase in specific electrical resistivity (max. by 47% for small particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites) and resonant frequency (max. by 48% for large, 200–400 μm particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites) as well as partial decrease in coercivity (max. by 14% for small particle-based annealed Fe compacts). Removing surface irregularities negatively affected the maximum total permeability (max. drop by 28% for large particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites) due to increased inner demagnetizing fields. Applying the Bertotti theory for loss separation, we obtained parameters of loss components and assumed the domain structure using simultaneously active magnetic objects as predictors. The total loss decrease observed after the smoothing process originates from the significantly increased numbers of active magnetic objects, facilitating AC magnetization reversal so that domain wall displacements are accompanied by lower energy loss, manifested as a decrease in the excess loss component (max. by 61% for small particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites).
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Applications · Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys · Magnetic Properties of Alloys
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. Shokrollahi H, Janghorban K (2007) Soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs). J Mater Process Technol 189:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.03410.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.034 ↗
2. Sunday KJ, Taheri ML (2017) Soft magnetic composites: recent advancements in the technology. Met Powder Rep 72:425–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2016.08.00310.1016/j.mprp.2016.08.003 ↗
3. Moses AJ (2007) Advanced soft magnetic materials for power applications. In: Kronmüller H, Parkin S (eds) Handbook of magnetism and advanced magnetic materials, 1st ed. Wiley, New York10.1002/9780470022184.hmm430 ↗
4. Sun H, Zhou G, Guo Z et al (2022) Efficient synthesis of TiO2-coated layer for Fe-based soft magnetic composites and their regulation mechanism analysis on magnetic properties. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 33:13956–13967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08326-210.1007/s10854-022-08326-2 ↗
5. Ahmed N, Atkinson GJ (2022) A review of soft magnetic composite materials and applications. Int Conf Electr Mach ICEM 2022:551–557. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEM51905.2022.991071210.1109/ICEM51905.2022.9910712 ↗
6. Hultman LO, Jack AG (2003) Soft magnetic composites-materials and applications. In: Electric machines and drives conference, 2003. IEMDC’03. IEEE International, vol 1. p 516–522. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2003.121131210.1109/IEMDC.2003.1211312 ↗
7. Krings A, Boglietti A, Cavagnino A, Sprague S (2017) Soft magnetic material status and trends in electric machines. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 64:2405–2414. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.261384410.1109/TIE.2016.2613844 ↗
8. Gai G, Yang Y, Jin L et al (2008) Particle shape modification and related property improvements. Powder Technol 183:115–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.02610.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.026 ↗
9. Zegzulka J, Gelnar D, Jezerska L et al (2020) Characterization and flowability methods for metal powders. Sci Rep 10:21004. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77974-310.1038/s41598-020-77974-3 ↗
10. Peng K, Zheng Z, Pan H et al (2022) Quasi-static and dynamic compaction of granular materials: a strain-activated statistical compaction model and its evaluation. Mech Mater 167:104250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2022.10425010.1016/j.mechmat.2022.104250 ↗
11. Périgo EA, Weidenfeller B, Kollár P, Füzer J (2018) Past, present, and future of soft magnetic composites. Appl Phys Rev 5:031301. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.502704510.1063/1.5027045 ↗
12. Choi M, Kim M, Lee K et al (2019) The effects of Fe nano-powders on compaction behaviors and magnetic properties of SMCs. J Magn Magn Mater 480:33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.02.03410.1016/j.jmmm.2019.02.034 ↗
13. Bures R, Faberova M, Bircakova Z et al (2023) High pressure compaction of soft magnetic iron powder. Powder Technol 421:118434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.11843410.1016/j.powtec.2023.118434 ↗
14. Shokrollahi H, Janghorban K (2006) The effect of compaction parameters and particle size on magnetic properties of iron-based alloys used in soft magnetic composites. Mater Sci Eng B 134:41–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2006.07.01510.1016/j.mseb.2006.07.015 ↗
15. Anhalt M (2008) Systematic investigation of particle size dependence of magnetic properties in soft magnetic composites. J Magn Magn Mater 320:e366–e369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.07210.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.072 ↗
16. Ding W, Jiang L, Liao Y et al (2015) Effect of iron particle size and volume fraction on the magnetic properties of Fe/silicate glass soft magnetic composites. J Magn Magn Mater 378:232–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.09.01910.1016/j.jmmm.2014.09.019 ↗
17. Błyskun P, Kowalczyk M, Łukaszewicz G et al (2021) Influence of particles size fraction on magnetic properties of soft magnetic composites prepared from a soft magnetic nanocrystalline powder with no synthetic oxide layer. Mater Sci Eng B 272:115357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2021.11535710.1016/j.mseb.2021.115357 ↗
18. Zhao T, Chen C, Wu X et al (2021) FeSiBCrC amorphous magnetic powder fabricated by gas-water combined atomization. J Alloys Compd 857:157991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15799110.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157991 ↗
19. Woo HJ, Ahn JH, Kim CP et al (2022) Effect of the particle size classification of FeSiCrB amorphous soft magnetic composites to improve magnetic properties of power inductors. J Non-Cryst Solids 577:121309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.12130910.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121309 ↗
20. Maciaszek R, Kollár P, Tkáč M et al (2023) Improved soft magnetic properties of iron powder compacts prepared by mechanical treatment of powder particles. AIP Conf Proc 2778:040017. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.013581310.1063/5.0135813 ↗
21. Kollár P, Olekšáková D, Maciaszek R et al (2023) Influence of inner demagnetizing field on permeability of iron compacted powder. AIP Conf Proc 2778:040014. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.013706710.1063/5.0137067 ↗
22. Kollár P, Slovenský P, Olekšáková D et al (2020) Preparation and magnetic properties of NiFeMo powdered compacts of powder elements with smoothed surfaces. J Magn Magn Mater 494:165770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.16577010.1016/j.jmmm.2019.165770 ↗
23. Slovenský P, Kollár P, Mei N et al (2020) Mechanical surface smoothing of micron-sized iron powder for improved silica coating performance as soft magnetic composites. Appl Surf Sci 531:147340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.14734010.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147340 ↗
24. Olekšáková D, Kollár P, Jakubčin M et al (2021) Energy loss separation in NiFeMo compacts with smoothed powders according to Landgraf’s and Bertotti’s theories. J Mater Sci 56:12835–12844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06090-y10.1007/s10853-021-06090-y ↗
25. Jang M-S, Park J-M, Kang J et al (2022) Soft magnetic composites with improved heat resistance and mechanical strength realized using Fe@SiO2 powders with a variable thickness insulation layer. J Mater Sci 57:18118–18130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07517-w10.1007/s10853-022-07517-w ↗
26. Cyr C, Viarouge P, Cros J, Clénet S (2007) Resistivity measurement on soft magnetic composite materials. Prz Elektrotech 83(4):103–104
27. Jenike AW (1964) Storage and flow of solids. Bulletin of the Utah Engineering Experiment Station No. 123; 53(26):10–31
28. Zhao G, Wu C, Yan M (2016) Enhanced magnetic properties of Fe soft magnetic composites by surface oxidation. J Magn Magn Mater 399:51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.09.05410.1016/j.jmmm.2015.09.054 ↗
29. Sánchez F, Bolarín AM, Molera P et al (2003) Relationship between particle size and manufacturing processing and sintered characteristics of iron powders. Rev Latinoam Metal Mater 23:35–40
30. Rojek J, Nosewicz S, Jurczak K et al (2016) Discrete element simulation of powder compaction in cold uniaxial pressing with low pressure. Comput Part Mech 3:513–524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-015-0093-010.1007/s40571-015-0093-0 ↗
31. Kneller E, Seeger A, Kronmüller H (1962) Ferromagnetismus. In: Ferromagnetismus. Springer, Heidelberg, p 30–3710.1007/978-3-642-86695-1_4 ↗
32. Dijkstra LJ, Wert C (1950) Effect of inclusions on coercive force of iron. Phys Rev 79:979–985. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.79.97910.1103/PhysRev.79.979 ↗
33. Herzer G (2005) Anisotropies in soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys. J Magn Magn Mater 294:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.03.02010.1016/j.jmmm.2005.03.020 ↗
34. Dobák S, Füzer J, Kollár P et al (2017) A comprehensive complex permeability approach to soft magnetic bulk cores from pure or resin coated Fe and pulverized alloys at elevated temperatures. J Alloys Compd 695:1998–2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.03610.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.036 ↗
35. Bertotti G (1998) Hysteresis in magnetism: for physicists, materials scientists, and engineers. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 391–43010.1016/B978-012093270-2/50061-1 ↗
36. De La Barriere O, LoBue M, Appino C et al (2013) Characterization and prediction of magnetic losses in soft magnetic composites under distorted induction waveform. IEEE Trans Magn 49:1318–1326. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2012.221861410.1109/TMAG.2012.2218614 ↗
37. Li W, Zhou X, Kang Y et al (2023) Microstructure and magnetic properties of the FeSiAl soft magnetic composite with a NiFe2O4-doped phosphate insulation coating. J Alloys Compd 960:171010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.17101010.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171010 ↗
38. Bertotti G (1988) General properties of power losses in soft ferromagnetic materials. IEEE Trans Magn 24:621–630. https://doi.org/10.1109/20.4399410.1109/20.43994 ↗
39. Weidenfeller B, Rieheman W (1996) Domain refinement and domain wall activation of surface treated Fe Si sheets. J Magn Magn Mater 160:136–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(96)00142-410.1016/0304-8853(96)00142-4 ↗