Advancements, prospects, and challenges in the synthesis and stability of MXenes for energy applications: a comprehensive review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.
Source: Not provided · Quality: missing
Research context
OpenAlex topics: MXene and MAX Phase Materials · 2D Materials and Applications · Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Guo S, Yu Y, Zhang Q (2017) Innovative materials for renewable energy. Chin Chem Lett 28:2169–2170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2017.11.04710.1016/j.cclet.2017.11.047 ↗
2. Zhou Z, Chen F, Kuang T, Chang L, Yang J, Fan P, Zhao Z, Zhong M (2018) Lignin- derived hierarchical mesoporous carbon and NiO hybrid nanospheres with exceptional li- ion battery and pseudocapacitive properties. Electrochim Acta 274:288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.11110.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.111 ↗
3. Mustafa A, Lougou BG, Shuai Y, Wang Z, Tan H (2020) Current technology development for CO2 utilization into solar fuels and chemicals: a review. J Energy Chem 49:96–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.01.02310.1016/j.jechem.2020.01.023 ↗
4. Liu Y, Yu Z, Chen J, Li C, Zhang Z, Yan X, Liu X, Yang S (2022) Recent development and progress of structural energy devices. Chin Chem Lett 33:1817–1830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.02310.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.023 ↗
5. Dubal DP, Chodankar NR, Kim D-H, Gomez-Romero P (2018) Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics. Chem Soc Rev 47:2065–2129. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00505A10.1039/C7CS00505A ↗
6. Er D, Li J, Naguib M, Gogotsi Y, Shenoy VB (2014) Ti C MXene as a high-capacity electrode material for metal (Li, Na, K, Ca) ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:11173–11179. https://doi.org/10.1021/am501144q10.1021/am501144q ↗
7. Yadav R, Subhash A, Chemmenchery N, Kandasubramanian B (2018) Graphene and graphene oxide for fuel cell technology. Ind Eng Chem Res 57:9333–9350. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b0232610.1021/acs.iecr.8b02326 ↗
8. Xiong D, Li X, Bai Z, Lu S (2018) Recent advances in layered Ti3C2Tx MXene for electrochemical energy storage. Small 14:1703419. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20170341910.1002/smll.201703419 ↗
9. Ko TY, Ye H, Murali G, Lee S-Y, Park YH, Lee J, Lee J, Yun D-J, Gogotsi Y, Kim SJ, Kim SH, Jeong YJ, Park S-J, In I (2024) Functionalized MXene ink enables environmentally stable printed electronics. Nat Commun 15:3459. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47700-y10.1038/s41467-024-47700-y ↗
10. Ma X, Mi Y, Zhang F, An Q, Zhang M, Hu Z, Liu X, Zhang J, Tang W (2018) Efficient ternary polymer solar cells with two well-compatible donors and one ultra-narrow band gap non-fullerene acceptor. Adv Energy Mater 8:1702854. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20170285410.1002/aenm.201702854 ↗
11. Zhao D, Zhang C, Kim H, Guo LJ (2015) High-performance Ta2O5/Al-doped Ag electrode for resonant light harvesting in efficient organic solar cells. Adv Energy Mater 5:1500768. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20150076810.1002/aenm.201500768 ↗
12. Li Y, Li J, Yu H, Wong SM, Sun XW, Li X, Cheng C, Fan HJ, Wang J, Sing N, Lo PGQ, Kwong DL (2011) Novel silicon Nano hemisphere-array solar cells with enhanced performance. Small 7:3138–3143. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20110095010.1002/smll.201100950 ↗
13. Zhang S, Qin Y, Zhu J, Hou J (2018) Over 14% efficiency in polymer solar cells enabled by a chlorinated polymer donor. Adv Mater 30:1800868. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180086810.1002/adma.201800868 ↗
14. Wan Z, Lai H, Ren S, He R, Jiang Y, Luo J, Chen Q, Hao X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu L, Zhao D (2020) Interfacial engineering in lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells. J Energy Chem 57:147–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.08.05310.1016/j.jechem.2020.08.053 ↗
15. Zhao Y, Han X, Chang L, Dong C, Li J, Yan X (2019) Effects of selenization conditions on microstructure evolution in solution-processed Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 195:274–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.03.02410.1016/j.solmat.2019.03.024 ↗
16. Ren A, Zou J, Lai H, Huang Y, Yuan L, Xu H, Shen K, Wang H, Wei S, Wang Y, Hao X, Zhang J, Zhao D, Wu J, Wang Z (2020) Direct laser-patterned MXene- perovskite image sensor arrays for visible-near infrared photodetection. Mater Horizons 7:1901–1911. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MH00537A10.1039/D0MH00537A ↗
17. Li J, Yu H, Li Y, Wang F, Yang M, Wong SM (2011) Low aspect-ratio hemispherical nanopit surface texturing for enhancing light absorption in crystalline Si thin film-based solar cells. Appl Phys Lett 98:021905. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.353781010.1063/1.3537810 ↗
18. Zhao D, Ding L (2020) All-perovskite tandem structures shed light on thin-film photovoltaics. Sci Bull (Beijing) 65:1144–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.01310.1016/j.scib.2020.04.013 ↗
19. Li J, Yu H, Li Y (2011) Aligned Si nanowire-based solar cells. Nanoscale 3:4888–4900. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1NR10943J10.1039/C1NR10943J ↗
20. Xu Q, Yang WJ, Wen YY, Liu SK, Liu Z, Ong WJ, Li N (2019) Hydrochromic full- color MXene quantum dots through hydrogen bonding toward ultrahigh-efficiency white light-emitting diodes. Appl Mater Today 16:90–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2019.05.00110.1016/j.apmt.2019.05.001 ↗
21. Ahn S, Han TH, Maleski K, Song J, Kim YH, Park MH, Zhou H, Yoo S, Gogotsi Y, Lee TW (2020) A 2D titanium carbide MXene flexible electrode for high-efficiency light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater 32:2000919. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20200091910.1002/adma.202000919 ↗
22. Lee S, Kim EH, Yu S, Kim H, Park C, Park TH, Han H, Lee SW, Baek S, Jin W, Koo CM, Park C (2020) Alternating-current MXene polymer light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater 30:2001224. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20200122410.1002/adfm.202001224 ↗
23. Cai Y, Shen J, Ge G, Zhang Y, Jin W, Huang W, Shao J, Yang J, Dong X (2018) Stretchable Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon nanotube composite based strain sensor with ultrahigh Sensitivity and tunable sensing range. ACS Nano 12:56–62. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b0625110.1021/acsnano.7b06251 ↗
24. Kim SJ, Koh HJ, Ren CE, Kwon O, Maleski K, Cho SY, Anasori B, Kim CK, Choi YK, Kim J, Gogotsi Y, Jung HT (2018) Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene gas sensors with ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio. ACS Nano 12:986–993. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b0746010.1021/acsnano.7b07460 ↗
25. Li S, Zhang Y, Yang W, Liu H, Fang XS (2020) 2D perovskite Sr2Nb3O10 for high- performance UV photodetectors. Adv Mater 32:1905443. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20190544310.1002/adma.201905443 ↗
26. Chen JX, Li ZL, Ni FL, Ouyang WX, Fang XS (2020) Bioinspired transparent MXene electrodes for fexible UV photodetectors. Mater Horizons 7:1828–1833. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MH00394H10.1039/D0MH00394H ↗
27. Ouyang WX, Chen JX, He JH, Fang XS (2020) Improved photoelectric performance of UV photodetector based on ZnO nanoparticle-decorated BiOCl nanosheet arrays onto PDMS substrate: the heterojunction and Ti3C2Tx MXene conduction layer. Adv Electron Mater 6:2000168. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.20200016810.1002/aelm.202000168 ↗
28. Yamunasree B, Kim S, Park YH, Modigunta JKR, Kim J, Astakala AK, Lee SJ, Murali G, Lee W, In I (2024) Ultrasensitive and highly selective NO2 gas sensing of porous MXene nanoribbon assemblies. Carbon 228:119364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2024.11936410.1016/j.carbon.2024.119364 ↗
29. Li Z, Zhuang Z, Lv F, Zhu H, Zhou L, Luo M, Zhu J, Lang Z, Feng S, Chen W, Mai L, Guo S (2018) The marriage of the FeN4 moiety and mxene boosts oxygen reduction catalysis: Fe 3d electron delocalization matters. Adv Mater 30:e1803220. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180322010.1002/adma.201803220 ↗
30. Ahmed B, Ghazaly AE, Rosen J (2020) i-MXenes for energy storage and catalysis. Adv Funct Mater 30:2000894. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20200089410.1002/adfm.202000894 ↗
31. Wang J, Zhang Z, Yan X, Zhang S, Wu Z, Zhuang Z, Han WQ (2020) Rational design of porous N-Ti3C2 MXene@CNT microspheres for high cycling stability Li-S battery. Nano- Micro Lett 12:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0341-610.1007/s40820-019-0341-6 ↗
32. Sun YL, Meng X, Dall’Agnese Y, Dall’Agnese C, Duan SN, Gao Y, Chen G, Wang XF (2019) 2D MXenes as co-catalysts in photocatalysis: synthetic methods. Nano-Micro Lett 11:79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0309-610.1007/s40820-019-0309-6 ↗
33. Ujihara M, Carman GP, Lee DG (2007) Thermal energy harvesting device using ferromagnetic materials. Appl Phys Lett 91:093508. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.277509610.1063/1.2775096 ↗
34. Radousky HB, Liang H (2012) Energy harvesting: an integrated view of materials, devices, and applications. Nanotechnol 23:502001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/50/50200110.1088/0957-4484/23/50/502001 ↗
35. Matiko JW, Grabham NJ, Beeby SP, Tudor MJ (2014) Review of the application of energy harvesting in buildings. Meas Sci Technol 25:012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/1/01200210.1088/0957-0233/25/1/012002 ↗
36. Wen Z, Yeh M-H, Guo H, Wan J, Zi Y, Xu W, Deng J, Zhu L, Wang X, Hu C, Zhu L, Sun X, Wang ZL (2016) Self-powered textile for wearable electronics by hybridizing fiber-shaped nanogenerators, solar cells, and supercapacitors. Sci Adv 2:1600097. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.160009710.1126/sciadv.1600097 ↗
37. Huang Y, Zhu M, Huang Y, Pei Z, Li H, Wang Z, Xue Q, Zhi C (2016) Multifunctional energy storage and conversion devices. Adv Mater 28:8344–8365. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20160192810.1002/adma.201601928 ↗
38. Liu Z, Xu J, Chen D, Shen G (2015) Flexible electronics based on inorganic nanowires. Chem Soc Rev 44:161–192. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00116H10.1039/C4CS00116H ↗
39. Wang X, Lu X, Liu B, Chen D, Tong Y, Shen G (2014) Flexible energy-storage devices: design consideration and recent progress. Adv Mater 26:4763–4783. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20140091010.1002/adma.201400910 ↗
40. Xue Q, Sun J, Huang Y, Zhu M, Pei Z, Li H, Wang Y, Li N, Zhang H, Zhi C (2017) Recent progress on flexible and wearable supercapacitors. Small 13:1701827. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20170182710.1002/smll.201701827 ↗
41. Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang J (2012) A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem Soc Rev 41:797–828. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15060J10.1039/C1CS15060J ↗
42. Li B, Dai F, Xiao Q, Yang L, Shen J, Zhang C, Cai M (2016) Nitrogen-doped activated carbon for a high energy hybrid supercapacitor. Energy Environ Sci 9:102–106. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03149D10.1039/C5EE03149D ↗
43. Xiong Z, Liao C, Han W, Wang X (2015) Mechanically tough large-area hierarchical porous graphene films for high-performance flexible supercapacitor applications. Adv Mater 27:4469–4475. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20150198310.1002/adma.201501983 ↗
44. Yang Q, Cui S, Ge Y, Tang Z, Liu Z, Li H, Li N, Zhang H, Liang J, Zhi C (2018) Porous single-crystal NaTi2(PO4)3 via liquid transformation of TiO2 nanosheets for flexible aqueous Na-ion capacitor. Nano Energy 50:623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.01710.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.017 ↗
45. Qin Y, Peng Q, Ding Y, Lin Z, Wang C, Li Y, Xu F, Li J, Yuan Y, He X, Li Y (2015) Lightweight, superelastic, and mechanically flexible graphene/polyimide nanocomposite foam for strain sensor application. ACS Nano 9:8933–8941. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b0278110.1021/acsnano.5b02781 ↗
46. Ronchi RM, Arantes JT, Santos SF (2019) Synthesis, structure, properties and application of mxenes: current status and perspectives. Ceram Int 45:18167–18188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.06.11410.1016/j.ceramint.2019.06.114 ↗
47. Gogotsi Y, Anasori B (2019) The rise of MXenes. ACS Nano 8:8491–8494. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b0639410.1021/acsnano.9b06394 ↗
48. Jamil F, Ali HM, Janjua MM (2021) MXene based advanced materials for thermal energy storage: a recent review. J Energy Storage 35:102322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.10232210.1016/j.est.2021.102322 ↗
49. Tian Y, An Y, Xu B (2022) MXene-based materials for advanced nanogenerators. Nano Energy 101:107556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.10755610.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107556 ↗
50. Raza A, Qumar U, Rafi AA, Ikram M (2022) MXene-based nanocomposites for solar energy harvesting. Sustain Mater Technol 33:e00462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e0046210.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00462 ↗
51. Naguib M, Mastalir O, Carle J, Presser V, Lu J, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW (2012) Two-dimensional transition metal carbides. ACS Nano 6:1322–1331. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204153h10.1021/nn204153h ↗
52. Ghidiu M, Lukatskaya M, Zhao MQ, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW (2014) Conductive two- dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance. Nature 516:78–81. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature1397010.1038/nature13970 ↗
53. Liu F, Zhou J, Wang S, Wang B, Shen C, Wang L, Hu Q, Huang Q, Zhou A (2017) Preparation of high-purity V2C MXene and electrochemical properties as Li-Ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 164:A709–A713. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0641704jes10.1149/2.0641704jes ↗
54. Yang J, Naguib M, Ghidiu M, Pan L-M, Gu J, Nanda J, Halim J, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW (2016) Two-dimensional Nb-based M4C3 solid solutions (MXenes). J Am Ceram Soc 99:660–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1392210.1111/jace.13922 ↗
55. Naguib M, Halim J, Lu J, Cook KM, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW (2013) New two-dimensional niobium and vanadium carbides as promising materials for Li-Ion batteries. J Am Chem Soc 135:15966–15969. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja405735d10.1021/ja405735d ↗
56. Meshkian R, Tao Q, Dahlqvist M, Lu J, Hultman L, Rosen J (2017) Theoreticalstability and materials synthesis of a chemically ordered MAX phase, Mo2ScAlC2, and its two- dimensional derivate Mo2ScC2 MXene. Acta Mater 125:476–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.00810.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.008 ↗
57. She ZW, Fredrickson KD, Anasori B, Kibsgaard J, Strickler AL, Lukatskaya MR, Gogotsi Y, Jaramillo TF, Vojvodic A (2016) Two-dimensional molybdenum carbide (MXene) as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. ACS Energy Lett 1:589–594. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b0024710.1021/acsenergylett.6b00247 ↗
58. Zhou J, Zha X, Chen FY, Ye Q, Eklund P, Du S, Huang Q (2016) A two-dimensional zirconium carbide by selective etching of Al3C3 from nanolaminated Zr3Al3C5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 55:5008–5013. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20151043210.1002/anie.201510432 ↗
59. Maleski K, Mochalin V, Gogotsi Y (2017) Dispersions of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene in organic solvents. Chem Mater 29:1632–1640. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b0483010.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04830 ↗
60. Anasori B, Xie Y, Beidaghi M, Lu J, Hosler BC, Hultman L, Kent PRC, Gogotsi PRC, Barsoum MW (2015) Two-dimensional, ordered, double transition metals carbides (MXenes). ACS Nano 9:9507–9516. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b0359110.1021/acsnano.5b03591 ↗
61. Naguib M, Mochalin VN, Barsoum MW, Gogotsi Y (2014) 25th anniversary article: MXenes: a new of two- dimensional materilas. Adv Mater 26:992. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20130413810.1002/adma.201304138 ↗
62. Li ZY, Wang L, Sun D, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Zhou A (2015) Synthesis and thermal stability of two-dimensional carbide MXene Ti3C2. Mater Sci Eng B 191:33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2014.10.00910.1016/j.mseb.2014.10.009 ↗
63. Sun D, Wang M, Li Z, Guangxin F, Fan L, Zhou A (2014) Two-dimensional Ti3C2 as anode material for Li-ion batteries. Electrochem Commun 47:80–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.07.02610.1016/j.elecom.2014.07.026 ↗
64. Naguib M, Kurtoglu M, Presser V, Lu J, Niu J, Heon M, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW (2011) Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2. Adv Mater 23:4248–4253. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20110230610.1002/adma.201102306 ↗
65. Halim J, Lukatskaya MR, Cook KM, Lu J, Smith CR, Näslund L, May SJ, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Eklund P, Barsoum MW (2014) Transparent conductive two- dimensional titanium carbide epitaxial thin films. Chem Mater 26:2374–2381. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm500641a10.1021/cm500641a ↗
66. Karlsson LH, Birch J, Halim J, Barsoum MW, Persson PO (2015) Atomically resolved structural and chemical investigation of single MXene sheets. Nano Lett 15:4955–4960. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b0073710.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00737 ↗
67. Wang L, Zhang H, Wang B, Shen C, Zhang C, Hu Q, Zhou A, Liu B (2016) Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx with hydrothermal process. Electron Mater Lett 12:702–710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-016-6088-z10.1007/s13391-016-6088-z ↗
68. Ng VMH, Huang H, Zhou K, Lee PS, Que W, Xu JZ, Kong LB (2017) Recent progress in layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) and their composites: synthesis and applications. J Mater Chem A 5:3039–3068. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA06772G10.1039/C6TA06772G ↗
69. Nahirniak S, Ray A, Saruhan B (2023) Challenges and future prospects of the MXene-based materials for energy storage applications. Batteries 9:126. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries902012610.3390/batteries9020126 ↗
70. Yan J, Ma Y, Li X, Zhang C, Cao M, Chen W, Luo S, Zhu M, Gao Y (2020) Flexible and high-sensitivity piezoresistive sensor based on MXene composite with wrinkle structure. Ceram Int 46:23592–23598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.13110.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.131 ↗
71. Lipatov A, Alhabeb M, Lu H, Zhao S, Loes MJ, Vorobeva NS, DallAgnese Y, Gao Y, Gruverman A, Gogotsi Y, Sinitskii A (2020) Electrical and elastic properties of individual single-layer Nb4C3Tx MXene fakes. Adv Electron Mater 6:1901382. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.20190138210.1002/aelm.201901382 ↗
72. Kang KM, Kim DW, Ren CE, Cho KM, Kim SJ, Choi JH, Nam YT, Gogotsi Y, Jung HT (2017) Selective molecular separation on Ti3C2Tx-graphene oxide membranes during pressure-driven filtration: comparison with graphene oxide and MXenes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:44687–44694. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b1093210.1021/acsami.7b10932 ↗
73. Viculis LM, Mack JJ, Mayer OM, Hahn HT, Kaner RB (2005) Intercalation and exfoliation routes to graphite nanoplatelets. J Mater Chem 15:974–978. https://doi.org/10.1039/B413029D10.1039/B413029D ↗
74. Chang F, Li C, Yang J, Tang H, Xue M (2013) Synthesis of a new graphene-like transition metal carbide by de-intercalating Ti3AlC2. Mater Lett 109:295–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.07.10210.1016/j.matlet.2013.07.102 ↗
75. Sun Z, Li S, Ahuja R, Schneider JM (2004) Calculated elastic properties of M2AlC (M=Ti, V, Cr, Nb, and Ta). Solid State Commun 129:589–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2003.12.00810.1016/j.ssc.2003.12.008 ↗
76. Naguib M, Unocic RR, Armstrong BL, Nanda J (2015) Large-scale delamination of multi- layers transition metal carbides and carbonitrides “MXenes.” Dalton Trans 44:9353–9358. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5DT01247C10.1039/C5DT01247C ↗
77. Mashtalir O, Naguib M, Mochalin VN, Dall’Agnese Y, Heon M, Barsoum MW, Gogotsi Y (2013) Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides. Nat Commun 4:1716. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms266410.1038/ncomms2664 ↗
78. Lukatskaya MR, Mashtalir O, Ren CE, Dall’Agnese Y, Rozier P, Taberna PL, Naguib M, Simon P, Barsoum MW, Gogotsi Y (2013) Cation intercalation and high volumetric capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide. Science 341:1502–1505. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.124148810.1126/science.1241488 ↗
79. Rasool K, Helal M, Ali A, Ren CE, Gogotsi Y, Mahmoud KA (2016) Antibacterial activity of Ti3C2TxMXene. ACS Nano 10:3674–3684. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b0018110.1021/acsnano.6b00181 ↗
80. Luo J, Tao X, Zhang J, Xia Y, Huang H, Zhang L, Gan Y, Liang C, Zhang W (2016) Sn Ion decorated highly conductive Ti3C2 MXene: promising lithium-ion anodes with enhanced volumetric capacity and cyclic performance. ACS Nano 10:2491–2499. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b0733310.1021/acsnano.5b07333 ↗
81. Magne D, Mauchamp V, Celerier S, Chartier P, Cabioc’h T (2016) Site-projected electronic structure of two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene: the role of the surface functionalization groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:30946–30953. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP05985F10.1039/C6CP05985F ↗
82. Feng A, Yu Y, Jiang F, Wang Y, Mi L, Yu Y, Song L (2017) Fabrication and thermal stability of NH4HF2-etched Ti3C2 MXene. Ceram Int 43:6322–6328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.02.03910.1016/j.ceramint.2017.02.039 ↗
83. Peng C, Wei P, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Cao Y, Wang H, Yu H, Peng F (2018) A hydrothermal etching route to the synthesis of 2D MXene (Ti3C2, Nb2C): enhanced exfoliation and improved adsorption performance. Ceram Int 44:18886–18893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.12410.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.124 ↗
84. Kvashina TS, Uvarov NF, Korchagin MA, Krutskiy YL, Ukhina AV (2020) Synthesis of MXene Ti3C2 by selective etching of MAX-phase Ti3AlC2. In: Material today proceedings, 31:592–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.107.10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.107 ↗
85. Han M, Yin X, Wu H, Hou Z, Song C, Li X, Zhang L, Cheng L (2016) Ti3C2 MXenes with modified surface for high-performance electromagnetic absorption and shielding in the X-band. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:21011–21019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b0645510.1021/acsami.6b06455 ↗
86. Wang X, Ln S, Tong H, Huang Y, Tong P, Zhao B, Dai J, Liang C, Wang H, Zhu X, Sun Y, Dou S (2019) Two-dimensional V4C3 MXene as high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 307:414–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.20510.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.205 ↗
87. Xue Q, Zhang H, Zhu M, Pei Z, Li H, Wang Z, Huang Y, Huang Y, Deng Q, Zhou J, Du S, Huang Q, Zhi C (2017) Photoluminescent Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots for multicolor cellular imaging. Adv Mater 29:1604847. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20160484710.1002/adma.201604847 ↗
88. Treifeldt JEV, Firestein KL, Fernando JFS, Zhang C, Siriwardena DP, Lewis C-EM, Golberg DV (2021) The effect of Ti3C2Tx MAX phase synthetic history on the structure and electrochemical properties of resultant Ti3C2 MXenes. Mater Des 199:109403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.10940310.1016/j.matdes.2020.109403 ↗
89. Djire A, Bos A, Liu J, Zhang H, Miller EM, Neale NR (2019) Pseudocapacitive storage in nanolayered Ti2NTx MXene using Mg-Ion electrolyte. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2:2785–2795. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b0028910.1021/acsanm.9b00289 ↗
90. Wang Y, Dou H, Wang J, Ding B, Xu Y, Chang Z, Hao X (2016) Three-dimensional porous MXene/layered double hydroxide composite for high-performance supercapacitors. J Power Sources 327:221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.06210.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.062 ↗
91. Liu F, Zhou A, Chen J, Jia J, Zhou W, Wang L, Hu Q (2017) Preparation of Ti3C2 and Ti2C MXenes by fluoride salts etching and methane adsorptive properties. Appl Surf Sci 416:781–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.04.23910.1016/j.apsusc.2017.04.239 ↗
92. Mashtalir O, Lukatskaya MR, Zhao M-Q, Barsoum MW, Gogotsi Y (2015) Amine- assisted delamination of Nb2C MXene for Li-Ion energy storage devices. Adv Mater 27:3501–3506. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20150060410.1002/adma.201500604 ↗
93. Shen C, Wang L, Zhou A, Wang B, Wang X, Lian W, Hu Q, Qin G, Liu X (2018) Synthesis and electrochemical properties of two-dimensional RGO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 8:80. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano802008010.3390/nano8020080 ↗
94. Mohammadi VA, Hadjikhani A, Shahbazmohamadi S, Beidaghi M (2017) Two- dimensional vanadium carbide (MXene) as a high-capacity cathode material for rechargeable aluminum batteries. ACS Nano 11:11135–11144. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b0535010.1021/acsnano.7b05350 ↗
95. Soundiraraju B, George BK (2017) Two-dimensional titanium nitride (Ti2N) MXene: synthesis, characterization, and potential application as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate. ACS Nano 11:8892–8900. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b0312910.1021/acsnano.7b03129 ↗
96. Fredrickson KD, Anasori B, She ZW, Gogotsi Y, Vojvodic A (2016) Effects of applied potential and water intercalation on the surface chemistry of Ti2C and Mo2C MXenes. J Phys Chem C 120:28432–28440. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b0910910.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09109 ↗
97. Park JW, Lee DY, Kim H, Hyeon JS, de Andrade MJ, Baughman RH, Kim SJ (2019) Highly loaded MXene/carbon nanotube yarn electrodes for improved asymmetric supercapacitor performance. MRS Commun 9:114–121. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2019.710.1557/mrc.2019.7 ↗
98. Mashtalir O, Lukatskaya M, Kolesnikov A, Raymundo-Pinero E, Naguib M, Barsoum M, Gogotsi Y (2016) Effect of hydrazine intercalation on structure and capacitance of 2D titanium carbide (MXene). Nanoscale 8:9128–9233. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR01462C10.1039/C6NR01462C ↗
99. Yoon Y, Le TA, Tiwari AP, Kim I, Barsoum MW, Lee H (2018) Low-temperature solution synthesis of reduced two dimensional Ti3C2 MXenes with paramagnetic behavior. Nanoscale 10:22429–22438. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR06854B10.1039/C8NR06854B ↗
100. Yang Q, Xu Z, Fang B, Huang T, Cai S, Chen H, Liu Y, Gopalsamy K, Gao W, Gao C (2017) MXene/graphene hybrid fibers for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A 5:22113–22119. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA07999K10.1039/C7TA07999K ↗