DataVXJournal of Materials SciencePaper
journal article·2023-02

Emerging progress in montmorillonite rubber/polymer nanocomposites: a review

Friday Nwankwo Archibong, Louis Chukwuemeka Orakwe, Ogah Anselm Ogah, Stephen Ogbonna Mbam, Stephen Aroh Ajah, Michael Emeka Okechukwu, Christiana Ogonna Igberi, Kosisochukwu Jideofor Okafor, Melford Onyemaechi Chima, Ikelle Issie Ikelle

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 58· Issue 6
Publisher page
Source abstract

Abstract

Montmorillonite is a natural clay mineral linked with the smectite group of a dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicate formed by two tetrahedral sheets along with one octahedral sheet. In contradiction to other clay nanoparticles, the montmorillonite confers an interlayer spacing on either side of each triple-sheet layer. MMT was fashioned by dissolving rocks and minerals on Earth’s surface. The remarkable qualities responsible for the reinforcing efficiency of MMT include greater surface area and a higher aspect ratio. These qualities confer distinctive thermal, gas barrier, mechanical and rheological properties to MMT-rubber or polymer composites. It is also used as a promoter of rubber particle size reduction in polymer or rubber matrices and has attracted diverse merits for material applications globally. MMT displays potential for use as active agents and as an alternative to other expensive nanoparticles in the fabrication of multi-use and high-quality rubber nanocomposites. Rubber nanocomposites filled with MMT showed superior viscosity, toughness, and rigidity with less tensile strength and elongation at break. This paper reviews current multi-advancements in montmorillonite rubber or polymer nanocomposites (MMT-RCNs/PCNs): applications of MMT-RCNs/PCNs in aerospace, automobile, food additives, antibacterial, polymer, sorbent, catalyst, pharmaceutical, tissue engineering, biosensing, drug release and the utilization of polymer-based hydrogels investigated at both 2D and 3D nanoclay particles for various applications.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

PolymersNanomaterialsBiomaterialsCompositesCatalysis & surfaces

OpenAlex topics: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties · biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties · Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Nazir MS, Mohamad Kassim M, Mohapatra L, Gilani MA, Raza MR, Majeed K (2016) Characteristic properties of nanoclays and characterization of nanoparticulates and nanocomposites, p 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_210.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_2 ↗
2. Saba N, Tahir PM, Jawaid M (2014) A review on potentiality of nano filler/natural fiber filled polymer hybrid composites. Polymers (Basel) 6:2247–2273. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym608224710.3390/polym6082247 ↗
3. Pires J, de Paula CD, Souza VGL, Fernando AL, Coelhoso I (2021) Understanding the barrier and mechanical behavior of different nanofillers in chitosan films for food packaging. Polymers (Basel) 13:1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1305072110.3390/polym13050721 ↗
4. Alipour A, Naderi G, Bakhshandeh GR, Vali H, Shokoohi S (2011) Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on NR/EPDM/ Organoclay: Morphology and Properties. Intern Polym Process 26:48–55. https://doi.org/10.3139/217.238110.3139/217.2381 ↗
5. Kong J, Li Z, Cao Z, Han C, Dong L (2017) The excellent gas barrier properties and unique mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polym Bull 74:5065–5082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2002-610.1007/s00289-017-2002-6 ↗
6. Abdel-Karim A, El-Naggar ME, Radwan EK, Mohamed IM, Azaam M, Kenawy ER (2021) High-performance mixed-matrix membranes enabled by organically/inorganic modified montmorillonite for the treatment of hazardous textile wastewater. Chem Eng J 405:126964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.12696410.1016/j.cej.2020.126964 ↗
7. Ogah AO, Afiukwa JN (2014) Characterization, and comparison of mechanical behavior of agro fiber-filled high-density polyethylene bio-composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 33(1):37–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168441350942510.1177/0731684413509425 ↗
8. Tomer V, Polizos G, Manias E, Randall CA (2010) Epoxy-based nanocomposites for electrical energy storage. I: effects of montmorillonite and barium titanate nanofillers. J Appl Phys 108:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.348727510.1063/1.3487275 ↗
9. Liu W, Lv L, Yang Z, Zheng Y, Wang H (2020) The effect of OMMT on the properties of vehicle damping carbon black-natural rubber composites. Polymers (Basel) 12:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1209198310.3390/polym12091983 ↗
10. Jiraskova Y, Bursik J, Seidlerova J, Kutlakova K, Safarik I, Safarikova M, Pospiskova K, Zivotsky O (2018) Microstructural analysis and magnetic characterization of native and magnetically modified montmorillonite and vermiculite. J Nanomater 2018:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/373810610.1155/2018/3738106 ↗
11. Leporatti S (2019) Polymer clay nano-composites. Polymers (Basel) 11(9):1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1109144510.3390/polym11091445 ↗
12. Wójcik-Bania M, Matusik J (2021) The effect of surfactant-modified montmorillonite on the cross-linking efficiency of polysiloxanes. Materials (Basel) 14(10):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1410262310.3390/ma14102623 ↗
13. Pumchusak J, Thajina N, Keawsujai W, Chaiwan P (2021) Effect of organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay on mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic composites. Polymers (Basel) 13(5):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1305075410.3390/polym13050754 ↗
14. Amari A, Alzahrani FM, Katubi KM, Alsaiari NS, Tahoon MA, Ben Rebah F (2021) Clay-polymer nanocomposites: preparations and utilization for pollutants removal. Materials (Basel) 14:1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1406136510.3390/ma14061365 ↗
15. Khalid M, Walvekar R, Ketabchi M. R, Siddiqui H, Hoque M.E (2016) Rubber/nanoclay composites: towards advanced functional materials. Engineering materials. p 209–224, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_910.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_9 ↗
16. Avinash S, Siva I, Yashwant M, Vishal D, Mohamed THS, Ain UMS, Faizal M (2021) Testing of silicon rubber/montmorillonite nanocomposite for mechanical and tribological performance. Nanomaterials 11(11):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1111305010.3390/nano11113050 ↗
17. Wantat A, Seraypheap K, Rojsitthisak P (2022) Effect of chitosan coatings supplemented with chitosan-montmorillonite nanocomposites on post-harvest quality of ‘Hom Thong’ banana fruit. Food Chem 374:131731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.13173110.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131731 ↗
18. Caner C, Coşkun BM, Yüceer M (2022) Chitosan coatings and chitosan nanocomposite to enhance the storage stability of fresh eggs during storage. J Food Process Preserv 46(7):e16642. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.1664210.1111/jfpp.16642 ↗
19. Barman KM, Tamang N, Bhattarai A, Saha B (2022) Chapter 8 Montmorillonite-Starch based Nano-Composites and Applications. Mater Res Found 125: 172–209. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644901915-810.21741/9781644901915-8 ↗
20. Sadeghianmaryan A, Yazdanpanah Z, Soltani YA, Sardroud HA, Nasirtabrizi MH, Chen X (2020) Curcumin-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone/montmorillonite nanocomposite: wound dressing application with anti-bacterial and low cell toxicity properties. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 31(2):169–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2019.110.1080/09205063.2019.1 ↗
21. Usuki A, Tukigase A, Kato M (2002) Preparation and properties of EPDM-clay hybrids. Polymer (Guildf) 43(8):2185–2189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00013-710.1016/S0032-3861(02)00013-7 ↗
22. Ahn DU, Jeon JB, Kim SJ (2015) Novel synergistic combinations of amphiphilic fatty acid derivatives for high-performance rubber-organoclay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 5(6):4664–4674. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA11452C10.1039/C4RA11452C ↗
23. Yamada H, Tamura K, Yokoyama S (2011) Mixed-layered phyllosilicate and process for producing the same. United States Patent 7959886, 2 (B2), p 1–18
24. Bergaya F, Lagaly G (2013) General introduction: clays, clay minerals, and clay science, 2nd ed., vol 5, p 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-098258-8.00001-810.1016/B978-0-08-098258-8.00001-8 ↗
25. Joly S, Garnaud G, Ollitrault R, Bokobza L, Mark JE (2002) Organically modified layered silicates as reinforcing fillers for natural rubber. J Mater Sci 8:4202–4208. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm020093e10.1021/cm020093e ↗
26. Zhou L, He Y, Guo S, Zhang Q, Liu V, Tang L, Zhou X, Duan M (2020) Efficient inhibition of montmorillonite swelling through controlling flexibly piperazine-based structure-based polyether gemini quaternary ammonium salts. Chem Eng J 383:123190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.12319010.1016/j.cej.2019.123190 ↗
27. Li L, Ma R, Ebina Y, Fukuda K, Takada K, Sasaki T (2007) Layer-by-layer assembly and spontaneous flocculation of oppositely charged oxide and hydroxide nanosheets into inorganic sandwich layered materials. J Am Chem Soc 129(25):8000–8007. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja071917210.1021/ja0719172 ↗
28. Palkowski H, Sokolova OA, Carradò A (2013) Sandwich materials, Encycl Automot Eng p 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118354179.auto16310.1002/9781118354179.auto163 ↗
29. Xu J, Gai S, He F, Niu N, Gao P, Chen Y, Yang P (2014) A sandwich-type three-dimensional layered double hydroxide nanosheet array/graphene composite: fabrication and high supercapacitor performance. Mater Chem A 2(4):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14048b10.1039/c3ta14048b ↗
30. Okamoto K, Ray SS, Okamoto M (2003) New poly ( butylene succinate )/layered silicate nanocomposites. II. Effect of organically modified layered silicates on structure and properties. Melt rheology, and biodegradability. J Polym Sci Part B 41(24):3160–3172. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1070810.1002/polb.10708 ↗
31. Phua YJ, Chow WS, Ishak ZAM (2011) Mechanical properties and structure development in poly ( butylene succinate )/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites under uniaxial cold rolling. eXPRESS Polym Lett 5(2):93–103. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.1110.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.11 ↗
32. Bandyopadhyay A, Maiti M, Bhowmick AK (2006) Synthesis, characterization, and properties of clay and silica based rubber nanocomposites. Mater Sci Technol 22(7):818–828. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328406X10126510.1179/174328406X101265 ↗
33. Mondragón M, Hernández EM, Rivera-Armenta JL, Rodríguez-González FJ (2009) Injection molded thermoplastic starch/natural rubber/clay nanocomposites: morphology and mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 77(1):80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.00810.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.008 ↗
34. Ismail H, Ramli R (2008) Organoclay filled natural rubber nanocomposites: the effects of filler loading and mixing method. J Reinf Plast Compos 27(16–17):1909–1923. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168440708254110.1177/0731684407082541 ↗
35. Jeon MY, Kim D, Kumar P, Lee PS, Rangnekar N, Bai P, Shete M, Elyssai B, Lee HS, Narasimharao K, Basahel SN, Al-Thabaiti S, Xu W, Cho HJ, Fetisov EO, Thyagarajan R, Dejaco RF, Fan W, Mkhoyan AK, Siepmann JI, Tsapatsis M (2017) Ultra-selective high-flux membranes from directly synthesized zeolite nanosheets. Nat Publ Gr 543(7647):690–694. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature2142110.1038/nature21421 ↗
36. Lagaly G, Ogawa M, Dékány I (2006) Chapter 7.3 Clay mineral organic interactions, Dev. Clay Sci. 1, p 309–377 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01010-X10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01010-X ↗
37. Graziano G, Klimeš J, Fernandez-Alonso F, Michaelides A (2012) Improved description of soft layered materials with Van der Waals density functional theory. J Phys Condens Matter 24(42):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/42/42421610.1088/0953-8984/24/42/424216 ↗
38. Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties, and uses of a new class of materials. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 28(1):1–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-710.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7 ↗
39. Das A, Costa FR, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G (2008) Nanocomposites based on chloroprene rubber: effect of chemical nature and organic modification of nanoclay on the vulcanizate properties. Eur Polym J 44(11):3456–3465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.08.02510.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.08.025 ↗
40. Chiu CW, Lin JJ (2012) Self-assembly behavior of polymer-assisted clays. Prog Polym Sci 37(3):406–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.00710.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.007 ↗
41. Carli LN, Crespo JS, Mauler RS (2011) PHBV nanocomposites based on organomodified montmorillonite and halloysite: the effect of clay type on the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties. Compos Part A 42:1601–160810.1016/j.compositesa.2011.07.007 ↗
42. Hansora D and Mishra S (2017) Polybutadiene rubber-based nanoblends (PBR-nB): preparation, characterization and applications. In: Markovic GPMV (eds) Rubber nano blends. Springer series on polymer and composite materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48720-5_610.1007/978-3-319-48720-5_6 ↗
43. Esmaeili ESA, Rounaghi J, Eckert (2021) Mechanochemical synthesis of rosin-modified montmorillonite: a breakthrough approach to the next generation of ommt/rubber nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 11(8):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1108197410.3390/nano11081974 ↗
44. Kango S, Kalia S, Celli A, Njuguna J, Habibi Y, Kumar R (2013) Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles for development of organic-inorganic nanocomposites—a review. Prog Polym Sci 38(8):1232–1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.02.00310.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.02.003 ↗
45. Yung KC, Wang J, Yue TM (2006) Modeling young’s modulus of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites using a modified Halpin—Tsai micromechanical model. J Reinf Plast Compos 25(8):847–861. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168440606513510.1177/0731684406065135 ↗
46. Chanra J, Budianto E, Soegijono B (2019) Surface modification of montmorillonite by the use of organic cations via conventional ion exchange method. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 501, no 1, p 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/509/1/01205710.1088/1757-899X/509/1/012057 ↗
47. Das A, Costa FR, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G (2008) Nanocomposites based on chloroprene rubber: effect of chemical nature and organic modification of nanoclay on the vulcanizate properties. Eur Polymer J 44(11):3456–3465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.08.02510.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.08.025 ↗
48. Kanny K and Mohan TP (2017) Rubber nanocomposites with nanoclay as the filler. In: Progress in rubber nanocomposites, p 153–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100409-8.00005-X10.1016/B978-0-08-100409-8.00005-X ↗
49. He W, Yao Y, Qin S, Yu J, He M, Xu C, Xu G (2016) Effect of morphology and composition of organic montmorillonite on the structure and properties of poly (butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites. J Macromol Sci Part B 2348:1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2016.115162510.1080/00222348.2016.1151625 ↗
50. Dantas de Oliveira A and Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice C (2019) Polymer nanocomposites with different types of nanofiller. In: Nanocomposites—recent evolutions, p 103–127, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.8132910.5772/intechopen.81329 ↗
51. Tiemann M, Weinberger C (2021) Selective modification of hierarchical pores and surfaces in nanoporous materials. Adv Mater Interfaces 8(4):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.20200115310.1002/admi.202001153 ↗
52. Nair MV, Kumar AS, Joseph S, Zachariah AK, Maria HJ, Thomas S (2021) Synergistic effect of hybrid fillers on transport behavior of NR/EPDM blends. J Integr Sci Technol 9(1):9–21
53. Arthi Feiona G, Sabeena T, Sakthi Bagavathy G, Pushpalaksmi M, Jenson Samraj E, Annadurai J (2020) Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-MMT nanocomposite for antibacterial activity studies. J Appl Sc Environ Manag 24(6):1079–1084. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i6.2110.4314/jasem.v24i6.21 ↗
54. Chen H, Li Y, Wang S, Li Y, Zhou Y (2018) Highly ordered structured montmorillonite/brominated butyl rubber nanocomposites: dramatic enhancement of the gas barrier properties by an external magnetic field. J Memb Sci 546:22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.01310.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.013 ↗
55. He H, Ma Y, Zhu J, Yuan P, Qing Y (2010) Organoclays prepared from montmorillonites with different cation exchange capacity and surfactant configuration. Appl Clay Sci 48:67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.11.02410.1016/j.clay.2009.11.024 ↗
56. Middea A, Spinelli LS, Souza FG Jr, Neumann R, Fernandes TLAP, Otavio da Gomes FM (2017) Preparation and characterization of an organo-palygorskite-Fe3O4 nanomaterial for removal of anionic dyes from wastewater. Appl Clay Sci 139:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.01710.1016/j.clay.2017.01.017 ↗
57. Das A, Werner K, Jurk R, Jehnichen D, Heinrich G (2011) A general approach to rubber——montmorillonite nanocomposites: intercalation of stearic acid. Appl Clay Sci 51(1–2):117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.11.01210.1016/j.clay.2010.11.012 ↗
58. Karamia Z, Jazania OM, Navarchiana AH, Saeb MR (2018) State of cure in silicone/clay nanocomposite coatings: the puzzle and the solution. Prog Org Coat 125:222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.09.01910.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.09.019 ↗
59. Thuc CNH, Grillet AC, Reinert L, Ohashi F, Thuc HH, Duclaux L (2010) Separation and purification of montmorillonite and polyethylene oxide modified montmorillonite from Vietnamese bentonites. Appl Clay Sci 49(3):229–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.05.01110.1016/j.clay.2010.05.011 ↗
60. Barakan S, Aghazadeh V (2019) Separation and characterization of montmorillonite from a low-grade natural bentonite: using a non-destructive method. Micro Nano Lett 14(6):688–693. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2018.536410.1049/mnl.2018.5364 ↗
61. Qiao Z, Liu Z, Zhang S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Liu L, Liu Q (2020) Purification of montmorillonite and the influence of the puri fi cation method on textural properties. Appl Clay Sci 187:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.10549110.1016/j.clay.2020.105491 ↗
62. Dill LP, Kochepka DM, Lima LL, Leitão AA, Wypych F, Cordeiro CS (2021) Brazilian mineral clays: classification, acid activation, and application as catalysts for methyl esterification reactions. J Braz Chem Soc 32(1):145–157. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.2020016410.21577/0103-5053.20200164 ↗
63. Liu T, Chen J (2021) Extraction and separation of heavy rare earth elements: A review. Sep Purif Technol 276:119263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.11926310.1016/j.seppur.2021.119263 ↗
64. Vo VS, Mahouche-Chergui S, Nguyen VH, Naili S, Carbonnier B (2019) Crucial role of covalent surface functionalization of clay nanofillers on improvement of the mechanical properties of bioepoxy resin. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7(18):15211–15220. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b0208810.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02088 ↗
65. Zheng J, Han D, Zhao S, Ye X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Dong D, Liu J, Wu X, Zhang L (2018) Constructing a multiple covalent interface and isolating a dispersed structure in silica/rubber nanocomposites with excellent dynamic performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(23):19922–19931. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b0235810.1021/acsami.8b02358 ↗
66. Al-Sabagh AM, Betiha MA, Osman DI, Hashim AI, El-Sukkarya MM, Mahmoud T (2016) A new covalent strategy for functionalized montmorillonite-poly(methyl methacrylate) for improving the flowability of crude oil. RSC Adv 6(111):109460–109472. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA21319G10.1039/C6RA21319G ↗
67. Zha C, Wang W, Lu Y, Zhang L (2014) Constructing covalent interface in rubber/clay nanocomposite by combining structural modification and interlamellar silylation of montmorillonite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(21):18769–18779. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504426j10.1021/am504426j ↗
68. Melouki A, Terchi S, Ouali D, Bounab A (2021) Preparation of new copolymer (polystyrene/TMSPM grafted on DDA-fractionated Algerian MMT) hybrid organoclay by radical copolymerization: structural study, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity area. J Therm Anal Calorim 0123456789:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10935-810.1007/s10973-021-10935-8 ↗
69. Lv M, Mao J, Zhou Y, Zhou R, Zhou J (2021) Adsorption performance and mechanism of mycotoxin on montmorillonite modified by organosilicon grafting. Arab J Chem 14(9):103314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.10331410.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103314 ↗
70. Park SJ, Kim BJ, Il Seo D, Rhee KY, Lyu YY (2009) Effects of a silane treatment on the mechanical interfacial properties of montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 526(1–2):74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.07.02310.1016/j.msea.2009.07.023 ↗
71. Karl CW, Rahimi W, Kubowicz S, Lang A, Geisler H, Giese U (2020) Surface modification of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubber by plasma polymerization using organosilicon precursors. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2(9):3789–3796. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c0040110.1021/acsapm.0c00401 ↗
72. Tian M, Meng X, Liu Q, Li W, You X, Liu C, Fortner JD (2022) Hydrophilic montmorillonite in tailoring the structure and selectivity of polyamide membrane. J Membr Sci 657:120674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.12067410.1016/j.memsci.2022.120674 ↗
73. Bunhu T, Chaukuran N, Tichagwa L (2016) Preparation and characterization of polymer-grafted montmorillonite-lignocellulose nanocomposites by in situ intercalative polymerization. J Appl Chem 2016:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/413739810.1155/2016/4137398 ↗
74. Abdollahi M, Salarizadeh P, Rouhani M, Rekabdar F (2014) Grafting of hydrophilic monomers onto aminopropyl-functionalized sodium montmorillonite via surface-initiated redox polymerization. Polym Int 63(3):576–583. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.459310.1002/pi.4593 ↗
75. Altaf F, Batool R, Gill R, Ur Rehman Z, Majeed H, Ahmad A, Shafiq M, Dastan D, Abbas G, Jacob K (2021) Synthesis and electrochemical investigations of ABPBI grafted montmorillonite based polymer electrolyte membranes for PEMFC applications. Renew Energy 164:709–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.10410.1016/j.renene.2020.09.104 ↗
76. Zhu C, Hu T, Tang L, Zeng G, Deng Y, Lu Y, Fang S, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu J (2018) Highly efficient extraction of lead ions from smelting wastewater, slag, and contaminated soil by two-dimensional montmorillonite-based surface ion-imprinted polymer absorbent. Chemosphere 209:246–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.10510.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.105 ↗
77. Abu Elella MH, Goda ES, Abdallah HM, Shalan AE, Gamal H, Yoon KR (2021) Innovative bactericidal adsorbents containing modified xanthan gum/montmorillonite nanocomposites for wastewater treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 167:1113–1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.06510.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.065 ↗
78. Lan B, Li P, Luo X, Luo H, Yang Q, Gong P (2021) Hydrogen bonding and topological network effects on optimizing thermoplastic polyurethane/organic montmorillonite nanocomposite foam. Polymer 212:123159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.12315910.1016/j.polymer.2020.123159 ↗
79. Bokobza L (2019) Natural rubber nanocomposites: a review. Nanomaterials 9(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano901001210.3390/nano9010012 ↗
80. Oliveira M and Machado AV (2013) Preparation of polymer-based nanocomposites by different routes. In: Nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and applications, p 1–22
81. Cui L, Paul DR (2011) Polymer nanocomposites from organoclays: structure and properties. Macromol Symp 301(1):9–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.20115030210.1002/masy.201150302 ↗
82. Uddin F (2018) Montmorillonite: an introduction to properties and utilization. Curr Top Util Clay Ind Med Appl 177:3–24. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.7798710.5772/intechopen.77987 ↗
83. Fu S, Sun Z, Huang P, Li Y, Hu N (2019) Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: a critical review. Nano Mater Sci 1(1):2–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.00610.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.006 ↗
84. Zheng H, Zhang Y, Peng Z, Zhang Y (2004) Influence of clay modification on the structure and mechanical properties of EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polym Test 23(2):217–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(03)00097-710.1016/S0142-9418(03)00097-7 ↗
85. Mohomane SM, Djokovic V, Thomas S, Luyt AS (2011) Polychloroprene nanocomposites filled with different organically modified clays: Morphology, thermal degradation, and stress relaxation behavior. Polym Test 30(5):585–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.03.00210.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.03.002 ↗
86. Fathurrohman MI, Soegijono B, Budianto E, Rohman S, Ramadhan A (2015) The effect of organoclay on curing characteristic, mechanical properties, swelling and morphology of natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites. Macromol Symp 353(1):62–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.20155030810.1002/masy.201550308 ↗
87. El-Sabbagh SH, Mahmoud DS, Ahmed NM, Ward AA, Sabaa MW (2017) Composites of styrene butadiene rubber/modified clay: mechanical, dielectric and morphological properties. Pigment Resin Technol 46(3):161–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-03-2016-003410.1108/PRT-03-2016-0034 ↗
88. Usha Devi KS, Ponnamma D, Causin V, Maria HJ, Thomas S (2015) Enhanced morphology and mechanical characteristics of clay/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Appl Clay Sci 114:568–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.07.00910.1016/j.clay.2015.07.009 ↗
89. Esmaeili E, Rounaghi SA, Ecker J (2021) Mechanochemical synthesis of rosin-modified montmorillonite: a breakthrough approach to the next generation of ommt/rubber nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 11(8):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1108197410.3390/nano11081974 ↗
90. Moustafa H, Lawandy SN, Rabee M, Zahran MAH (2020) Effect of green modification of nanoclay on the adhesion behavior of EPDM rubber to polyester fabric. Int J Adhes Adhes 100:102617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.10261710.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102617 ↗
91. Dilmani MA, Mor Z, Erdoğan A (2017) Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic elastomers/plasticize—compatibilizer/organoclay nanocomposites by reactive extrusion system. Chem Sci J 8(3):1–12. https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3494.100016610.4172/2150-3494.1000166 ↗
92. Archibong FN, Sanusi OM, Mederic P, Ait Hocine N (2021) An overview on recycling waste ground tyre rubbers in thermoplastic matrices: effect of added fillers. Resour Conserv Recycl 175:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.10589410.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105894 ↗
93. Bhadran B, Vijayan D, George N, Julie Chandra CS, Sabura Begum PM, Joseph R (2018) Reinforcing effect of organoclay in nitrile rubber–effect of mill mixing and latex stage mixing. Appl Clay Sci 165:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.07.02710.1016/j.clay.2018.07.027 ↗
94. Azizli MJ, Khonakdar HA, Mokhtary M, Goodarzi V (2019) Investigating the effect of organoclay montmorillonite and rubber ratio composition on the enhancement compatibility and properties of carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer hybrid elastomer nanocomposites. J Polym Res 26(9):1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1885-310.1007/s10965-019-1885-3 ↗
95. Vishvanathperumal S, Gopalakannan S (2019) Effects of the nanoclay and crosslinking systems on the mechanical properties of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/styrene butadiene rubber blends nanocomposite. SILICON 11(1):117–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-9836-x10.1007/s12633-018-9836-x ↗
96. Benneghmouche Z, Benachour D (2019) Effect of organophilic clay addition on properties of SAN/EPDM blends. Compos Interfaces 26(8):711–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2018.153165510.1080/09276440.2018.1531655 ↗
97. Jeddi J, Yousefzade O, Babaei A, Ghanbar S, Rostami A (2017) Morphology, microstructure and rheological properties of SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile)/EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) nanocomposites: investigating the role of organoclay type and order of mixing. Mater Chem Phys 187:191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.12.00110.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.12.001 ↗
98. Durandish M, Alipour A (2013) Investigation into morphology, microstructure, and properties of SBR/EPDM/ORGANO montmorillonite nanocomposites. Chin J Polym Sci (Engl Ed) 31(4):660–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1262-310.1007/s10118-013-1262-3 ↗
99. Azizli MJ, Abbasizadeh S, Hoseini M, Rezaeinia S, Azizli E (2017) Influence of blend composition and organic cloisite 15A content in the structure of isobutylene–isoprene rubber/EPDM composites for investigation of the morphology and mechanical properties. J Compos Mater 51(13):1861–1873. https://doi.org/10.1177/002199831666516210.1177/0021998316665162 ↗
100. Nematollahi M, Jalali-Arani A, Modarress H (2019) Effect of nanoparticle localization on the rheology, morphology, and toughness of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/nano-silica. Polym Int 68(4):779–787. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.576710.1002/pi.5767 ↗