journal article·2021-09Open access

Potential fabric-reinforced composites: a comprehensive review

K. M. Faridul Hasan, Péter György Horváth, Tibor Alpár

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 56· Issue 26

Abstract

Abstract Fabric-based laminated composites are used considerably for multifaceted applications in the automotive, transportation, defense, and structural construction sectors. The fabrics used for composite materials production possess some outstanding features including being lighter weight, higher strength, and lower cost, which helps explain the rising interest in these fabrics among researchers. However, the fabrics used for laminations are of different types such as knit, woven, and nonwoven. Compared to knitted and nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics are widely used reinforcement materials. Composites made from fabric depend on different properties such as fiber types, origin, compositions, and polymeric matrixes. Finite element analysis is also further facilitating the efficient prediction of final composite properties. As the fabric materials are widely available throughout the world, the production of laminated composites from different fabric is also feasible and cost-effective. This review discusses the fabrication, thermo-mechanical, and morphological performances of different woven, knit, and nonwoven fabric-based composites.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Textile materials and evaluations · Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Chen X, Chen L, Zhang C, Song L, Zhang D (2016) Three-dimensional needle-punching for composites: a review. Compos Part A Appl Sci 85:12–3010.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.004 ↗
2. Halpin J, Jerine K, Whitney J (1971) The laminate analogy for 2 and 3 dimensional composite materials. J Compos Mater 5(1):36–4910.1177/002199837100500104 ↗
3. Abounaim M, Cherif C (2012) Flat-knitted innovative three-dimensional spacer fabrics: a competitive solution for lightweight composite applications. Text Res J 82(3):288–29810.1177/0040517511426609 ↗
4. Bilisik K (2012) Multiaxis three-dimensional weaving for composites: a review. Text Res J 82(7):725–74310.1177/0040517511435013 ↗
5. Bilisik K, Karaduman NS, Bilisik NE (2016) Fiber architectures for composite applications. In: Rana S, Fangueiro R (eds) Fibrous and textile materials for composite applications. Springer, Singapore, pp 75–13410.1007/978-981-10-0234-2_3 ↗
6. Bini T, Ramakrishna S, Huang ZM, Lim C (2001) Structure–tensile property relationship of knitted fabric composites. Polym Compos 22(1):11–2110.1002/pc.10511 ↗
7. Cheng K, Lee K, Ueng T, Mou K (2002) Electrical and impact properties of the hybrid knitted inlaid fabric reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 33(9):1219–122610.1016/S1359-835X(02)00076-3 ↗
8. Rajesh M, Pitchaimani J (2018) Dynamic mechanical and free vibration behavior of natural fiber braided fabric composite: comparison with conventional and knitted fabric composites. Polym Compos 39(7):2479–248910.1002/pc.24234 ↗
9. Tejyan S, Singh T, Patnaik A, Fekete G, Gangil B (2019) Physico-mechanical and erosive wear analysis of polyester fibre-based nonwoven fabric-reinforced polymer composites. J Ind Text 49(4):447–46410.1177/1528083718787524 ↗
10. Gholampour A, Ozbakkaloglu T (2020) A review of natural fiber composites: properties, modification and processing techniques, characterization, applications. J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03990-y10.1007/s10853-019-03990-y ↗
11. Hasan KMF (2015) Study on the changes of gsm (gm/m 2) of grey knitted fabric from pretreatment to finishing. Int J Text Sci 4(6):119–136
12. Hasan KMF, Horváth PG, Alpár T (2020) Potential natural fiber polymeric nanobiocomposites: a review. Polymers 12(5):1–25
13. Pervez M, Talukder M, Shafiq F, Hasan K, Taher M, Meraz M, Cai Y, Lin L (2018) Effect of heat-setting on UV protection and antibacterial properties of cotton/spandex fabric. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/284/1/01201010.1088/1757-899X/284/1/012010 ↗
14. Hasan K, Pervez M, Talukder M, Sultana M, Mahmud S, Meraz M, Bansal V, Genyang C (2019) A novel coloration of polyester fabric through green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs@ PET). Nanomaterials 9(4):1–1310.3390/nano9040569 ↗
15. Hasan KMF, Horváth PG, Horváth A, Alpár T (2021) Coloration of woven glass fabric using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Fraxinus excelsior tree flower. Inorg Chem Commun 126:1–7
16. Hasan KF, Wang H, Mahmud S, Genyang C (2020) Coloration of aramid fabric via in-situ biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial effect. Inorg Chem Commun 119:1–810.1016/j.inoche.2020.108115 ↗
17. Hasan KMF, Wang H, Mahmud S, Jahid MA, Islam M, Jin W, Genyang C (2020) Colorful and antibacterial nylon fabric via in-situ biosynthesis of chitosan mediated nanosilver. J Mater Res Technol 9(6):16135–1614510.1016/j.jmrt.2020.11.056 ↗
18. Sultana MZ, Mahmud S, Pervez MN, Hasan KF, Heng Q (2019) Green synthesis of glycerol monostearate-modified cationic waterborne polyurethane. Emerg Mater Res 8(2):137–14710.1680/jemmr.18.00022 ↗
19. Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma H, Yu T (2013) Tensile and interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites. Compos Sci Technol 88:172–17710.1016/j.compscitech.2013.08.037 ↗
20. Zhou G, Sun Q, Li D, Meng Z, Peng Y, Zeng D, Su X (2020) Effects of fabric architectures on mechanical and damage behaviors in carbon/epoxy woven composites under multiaxial stress states. Polym Test 90:1–1110.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106657 ↗
21. Kang Y-A, Oh S-H, Park JS (2015) Properties of UHMWPE fabric reinforced epoxy composite prepared by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. Fibers Polym 16(6):1343–134810.1007/s12221-015-1343-8 ↗
22. Prasad PR, Prakash J, Manjunath L, Reddy PV (2020) Physical and wear properties of UHMWPE fabric reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Automot Mech Eng 17(1):7577–758610.15282/ijame.17.1.2020.07.0562 ↗
23. Cheng K, Ramakrishna S, Lee K (2000) Development of conductive knitted-fabric-reinforced thermoplastic composites for electromagnetic shielding applications. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 13(5):378–39910.1106/MHKX-74A6-PKEM-J7PL ↗
24. Liu H, Falzon BG, Li S, Tan W, Liu J, Chai H, Blackman BR, Dear J (2019) Compressive failure of woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites with an open-hole: an experimental and numerical study. Compos Struct 213:108–11710.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.070 ↗
25. Peled A, Bentur A (2000) Geometrical characteristics and efficiency of textile fabrics for reinforcing cement composites. Cem concr Res 30(5):781–79010.1016/S0008-8846(00)00239-8 ↗
26. Striewe J, Reuter C, Sauerland K-H, Tröster T (2018) Manufacturing and crashworthiness of fabric-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Thin-Walled Struct 123:501–50810.1016/j.tws.2017.11.011 ↗
27. Yu WR, Pourboghrat F, Chung K, Zampaloni M, Kang TJ (2002) Non-orthogonal constitutive equation for woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 33(8):1095–110510.1016/S1359-835X(02)00053-2 ↗
28. Lomov S, Verpoest I (2005) Manufacturing and internal geometry of textiles. Design and manufacture of textile composites. Woodhead Publishing, Duxford, pp 1–61
29. Ogin SL (2000) Textile-reinforced composite materials. Handbook of technical textiles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 264–27910.1533/9781855738966.264 ↗
30. Hearle JW, Grosberg P, Backer S (1969) Structural mechanics of fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Wiley-Interscience, New York
31. Corbin A-C, Sala B, Soulat D, Ferreira M, Labanieh A-R, Placet V (2021) Development of quasi-unidirectional fabrics with hemp fiber: a competitive reinforcement for composite materials. J Compos Mater 55(4):551–56410.1177/0021998320954230 ↗
32. Liang Y, Wang H, Gu X (2013) In-plane shear response of unidirectional fiber reinforced and fabric reinforced carbon/epoxy composites. Polym Test 32(3):594–60110.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.01.015 ↗
33. Zangenberg J, Brøndsted P, Gillespie JW Jr (2014) Fatigue damage propagation in unidirectional glass fibre reinforced composites made of a non-crimp fabric. J Compos Mater 48(22):2711–272710.1177/0021998313502062 ↗
34. Feraboli P, Cleveland T, Ciccu M, Stickler P, DeOto L (2010) Defect and damage analysis of advanced discontinuous carbon/epoxy composite materials. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 41(7):888–90110.1016/j.compositesa.2010.03.002 ↗
35. Feraboli P, Cleveland T, Stickler P, Halpin J (2010) Stochastic laminate analogy for simulating the variability in modulus of discontinuous composite materials. Compos Part A Appl Sci 41(4):557–57010.1016/j.compositesa.2010.01.003 ↗
36. Jamshaid H, Mishra R (2016) Thermomechanical characteristics of basalt hybrid and nonhybrid woven fabric–reinforced epoxy composites. Polym Compos 37(10):2982–299410.1002/pc.23495 ↗
37. Aghaei M, Shokrieh MM, Mosalmani R (2020) Effect of warp and fill-fiber volume fractions on mechanical properties of glass/epoxy woven fabric composites. J Compos Mater 54(24):3501–351310.1177/0021998320914002 ↗
38. Chen J-C, Zhuang Y-F (2020) Tension and compression of sandwich composites with weft-knit fabric cores. Mod Phys Lett B 34(07n09):204000410.1142/S0217984920400047 ↗
39. Ramakrishna S (1997) Characterization and modeling of the tensile properties of plain weft-knit fabric-reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol 57(1):1–2210.1016/S0266-3538(96)00098-X ↗
40. Quan Z, Wu A, Keefe M, Qin X, Yu J, Suhr J, Byun J-H, Kim B-S et al (2015) Additive manufacturing of multi-directional preforms for composites: opportunities and challenges. Mater Today 18(9):503–51210.1016/j.mattod.2015.05.001 ↗
41. Standard A (2012) Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM International
42. Tejyan S, Sharma D, Gangil B, Patnaik A, Singh T (2020) Thermo-mechanical characterization of nonwoven fabric reinforced polymer composites. Mater Today. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.97210.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.972 ↗
43. Pan Y-J, Lou C-W, Hsieh C-T, Huang C-H, Lin Z-I, Li C-W, Lin J-H (2016) Nonwoven fabric/spacer fabric/polyurethane foam composites: physical and mechanical evaluations. Fibers Polym 17(5):789–79410.1007/s12221-016-5736-0 ↗
44. Yan L, Kasal B, Huang L (2016) A review of recent research on the use of cellulosic fibres, their fibre fabric reinforced cementitious, geo-polymer and polymer composites in civil engineering. Compos Part B Eng 92:94–13210.1016/j.compositesb.2016.02.002 ↗
45. Haque MS (2014) Processing and characterization of waste denim fiber reinforced polymer composites. Department of materials and metallurgical engineering. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, pp 1–77
46. Corbin A-C, Soulat D, Ferreira M, Labanieh A-R, Gabrion X, Malecot P, Placet V (2020) Towards hemp fabrics for high-performance composites: influence of weave pattern and features. Compos Part B Eng 181:1–10
47. School T (2021) Knitted fabrics and types: list of knitted fabrics. Available from: https://www.textileschool.com/251/knitted-fabrics-and-types/. Accessed 8 Feb, 2021
48. Cuong N, Yamane H, Maekawa Z (2000) Mechanical properties of knitted fabric reinforced polypropylene composites. Adv Compos Mater 9(1):25–3510.1163/156855100300132947 ↗
49. Qi Y, Li J, Liu L (2014) Tensile properties of multilayer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric reinforced composites for carbon fibers. Mater Des 54:678–68510.1016/j.matdes.2013.08.051 ↗
50. Alpyildiz T, Icten BM, Karakuzu R, Kurbak A (2009) The effect of tuck stitches on the mechanical performance of knitted fabric reinforced composites. Compos Struct 89(3):391–39810.1016/j.compstruct.2008.09.004 ↗
51. Yilmaz KB, Sabuncuoglu B, Yildirim B, Silberschmidt VV (2020) A brief review on the mechanical behavior of nonwoven fabrics. J Eng Fibers Fabr. https://doi.org/10.1177/155892502097019710.1177/1558925020970197 ↗
52. Nonwoven Y (2021) Nonwoven fabric classification. Available from: http://www.yaolongnonwoven.com/en/technical/nonwoven-articles/nonwoven-types.html. Accessed 8th Feb, 2021
53. Shi Y, Yu L, Li K, Li S, Dong Y, Zhu Y, Fu Y, Meng F (2020) Well-matched impedance of polypyrrole-loaded cotton non-woven fabric/polydimethylsiloxane composite for extraordinary microwave absorption. Compos Sci Technol 197:10824610.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108246 ↗
54. Wang J, Ma C, Chen G, Dai P (2020) Interlaminar fracture toughness and conductivity of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite laminate modified by carbon black-loaded polypropylene non-woven fabric interleaves. Compos Struct 234:11164910.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111649 ↗
55. Ahmad MAA, Majid MA, Ridzuan M, Mazlee M, Gibson A (2018) Dynamic mechanical analysis and effects of moisture on mechanical properties of interwoven hemp/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hybrid composites. Construct Build Mater 179:265–27610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.227 ↗
56. Lin H, Lee Y (1990) On the inelastic impact of composite laminated plate and shell structures. Compos struct 14(2):89–11110.1016/0263-8223(90)90025-A ↗
57. Johnson AF, Pickett AK, Rozycki P (2001) Computational methods for predicting impact damage in composite structures. Compos Sci Technol 61(15):2183–219210.1016/S0266-3538(01)00111-7 ↗
58. Langella T, Rogani A, Navarro P, Ferrero J-F, Lopresto V, Langella A (2019) Experimental Study of the influence of a tensile preload on thin woven composite laminates under impact loading. J Mater Eng Perform 28(6):3203–321010.1007/s11665-019-03916-4 ↗
59. Costa ML, de Almeida SFM, Rezende MC (2001) The influence of porosity on the interlaminar shear strength of carbon/epoxy and carbon/bismaleimide fabric laminates. Compos Sci Technol 61(14):2101–210810.1016/S0266-3538(01)00157-9 ↗
60. Corbin A-C, Soulat D, Ferreira M, Labanieh A-R, Gabrion X, Malecot P, Placet V (2020) Towards hemp fabrics for high-performance composites: influence of weave pattern and features. Compos Part B Eng 181:10758210.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107582 ↗
61. Ali A, Nasir MA, Khalid MY, Nauman S, Shaker K, Khushnood S, Altaf K, Zeeshan M et al (2019) Experimental and numerical characterization of mechanical properties of carbon/jute fabric reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. J Mech Sci Technol 33(9):4217–422610.1007/s12206-019-0817-9 ↗
62. Kececi E, Asmatulu R (2017) Effects of moisture ingressions on mechanical properties of honeycomb-structured fiber composites for aerospace applications. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88(1–4):459–47010.1007/s00170-016-8744-8 ↗
63. Sateesh N, Rao PS, Ravishanker D, Satyanarayana K (2015) Effect of moisture on GFRP composite materials. Mater Today 2(4–5):2902–2908
64. Natarajan S, Annabattula RK (2019) Modeling crack propagation in variable stiffness composite laminates using the phase field method. Compos Struct 209:424–43310.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.083 ↗
65. Navarro P, Aubry J, Pascal F, Marguet S, Ferrero J-F, Dorival O (2014) Influence of the stacking sequence and crack velocity on fracture toughness of woven composite laminates in mode I. Eng Fract Mech 131:340–34810.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.08.010 ↗
66. Zhang Y, Xia Z, Ellyin F (2004) Evolution and influence of residual stresses/strains of fiber reinforced laminates. Compos Sci Technol 64(10–11):1613–162110.1016/j.compscitech.2003.11.012 ↗
67. Ghasemi AR, Tabatabaeian A, Asghari B (2019) Application of slitting method to characterize the effects of thermal fatigue, lay-up arrangement and MWCNTs on the residual stresses of laminated composites. Mech Mater 134:185–19210.1016/j.mechmat.2019.04.008 ↗
68. Tabatabaeian A, Ghasemi AR, Asghari B (2019) Specification of non-uniform residual stresses and tensile characteristic in laminated composite materials exposed to simulated space environment. Polym Test 80:1–810.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106147 ↗
69. Akbari S, Taheri-Behrooz F, Shokrieh M (2013) Slitting measurement of residual hoop stresses through the wall-thickness of a filament wound composite ring. Exp Mech 53(9):1509–151810.1007/s11340-013-9768-8 ↗
70. Özdemir H, Içten BM (2018) The mechanical performance of plain and plain derivative woven fabrics reinforced composites: tensile and impact properties. J Text Inst 109(1):133–14510.1080/00405000.2017.1333719 ↗
71. Kim J-K, Sham M-L (2000) Impact and delamination failure of woven-fabric composites. Compos Sci Technol 60(5):745–76110.1016/S0266-3538(99)00166-9 ↗
72. Cavallaro PV, Hulton AW, Warner EA, Salama MM (2018) Cold temperature effects on consistent and architecturally hybridized woven kevlar/epoxy laminates. J Dyn Behav Mater 4(3):282–29510.1007/s40870-018-0167-1 ↗
73. Stegschuster G, Pingkarawat K, Wendland B, Mouritz A (2016) Experimental determination of the mode I delamination fracture and fatigue properties of thin 3D woven composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 84:308–31510.1016/j.compositesa.2016.02.008 ↗
74. Triki E, Zouari B, Dammak F (2016) Dependence of the interlaminar fracture toughness of E-glass/polyester woven fabric composites laminates on ply orientation. Engin Fract Mech 159:63–7810.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.03.025 ↗
75. Dai S, Cunningham P, Marshall S, Silva C (2015) Influence of fibre architecture on the tensile, compressive and flexural behaviour of 3D woven composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 69:195–20710.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.012 ↗
76. Kang H, Shan Z, Zang Y, Liu F (2016) Progressive damage analysis and strength properties of fiber-bar composites reinforced by three-dimensional weaving under uniaxial tension. Compos Struct 141:264–28110.1016/j.compstruct.2016.01.050 ↗
77. Zhou Y, Lu Z, Yang Z (2013) Progressive damage analysis and strength prediction of 2D plain weave composites. Compos Part B Eng 47:220–22910.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.026 ↗
78. Fang G, Liang J (2011) A review of numerical modeling of three-dimensional braided textile composites. J Compos Mater 45(23):2415–243610.1177/0021998311401093 ↗
79. Vieille B, Casado VM, Bouvet C (2013) About the impact behavior of woven-ply carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic-and thermosetting-composites: a comparative study. Compos Struct 101:9–2110.1016/j.compstruct.2013.01.025 ↗
80. Anuar NIS, Zakaria S, Gan S, Chia CH, Wang C, Harun J (2019) Comparison of the morphological and mechanical properties of oil Palm EFB fibres and kenaf fibres in nonwoven reinforced composites. Ind Crops Prod 127:55–6510.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.056 ↗
81. Habibi M, Laperrière L, Hassanabadi HM (2018) Influence of low-velocity impact on residual tensile properties of nonwoven flax/epoxy composite. Compos Struct 186:175–18210.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.024 ↗
82. Hasani H, Hassanzadeh S, Abghary MJ, Omrani E (2017) Biaxial weft-knitted fabrics as composite reinforcements: a review. J Ind Text 46(7):1439–147310.1177/1528083715624256 ↗
83. Hessami R, Alamdar Yazdi A, Mazidi A (2019) The effect of loop density on the tensile behavior of biaxial weft knitted composites using both experimental tests and numerical method. J Ind Text. https://doi.org/10.1177/152808371986817710.1177/1528083719868177 ↗
84. Hasan KMF, Péter GH, Tibor LA (2021) Design and fabrication technology in biocomposite manufacturing. Toward the value-added biocomposites: technology, innovation and opportunity. CRC Press, Boca Raton10.1201/9781003137535-7 ↗
85. Ishak KA, Velayutham TS, Annuar MSM, Sirajudeen AAO (2021) Structure-property interpretation of biological polyhydroxyalkanoates with different monomeric composition: dielectric spectroscopy investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 169:311–32010.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.090 ↗
86. Mahmud S, Hasan KF, Jahid MA, Mohiuddin K, Zhang R, Zhu J (2021) Comprehensive review on plant fiber-reinforced polymeric biocomposites. J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05774-910.1007/s10853-021-05774-9 ↗
87. Rajeswari A, Christy EJS, Pius A (2021) Biopolymer blends and composites: processing technologies and their properties for industrial applications. In: Sabu T, Sreeraj G, Augustine A (eds) Biopolymers and their industrial applications. Elsevier, Duxford, pp 105–14710.1016/B978-0-12-819240-5.00005-5 ↗
88. Tibor LA, Péter GH Hasan KMF (2021) Introduction to biomass and biocomposites. In: Toward the value-added biocomposites: technology, innovation and opportunity. CRC Press, Boca Raton
89. Frank A, Messiha M, Koch T, Poduška J, Hutař P, Arbeiter F, Pinter G (2021) Correlation of the cyclic cracked round bar test and hydrostatic pressure test for unplasticized polyvinylchloride. Polym Test 95:1–710.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107125 ↗
90. Hasan KF, Horváth PG, Kóczán Z, Alpár T (2021) Thermo-mechanical properties of pretreated coir fiber and fibrous chips reinforced multilayered composites. Sci Rep 11:361810.1038/s41598-021-83140-0 ↗
91. Hasan KF, Horváth PG, Miklos B, Alpár T (2021) A state-of-the-art review on coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites. RSC Adv 11:10548–1057110.1039/D1RA00231G ↗
92. Hasan KF, Horváth PTGR, Baş S, Alpár T (2021) Industrial flame-retardants for polyurethanes. In: Gupta R (ed) Materials and chemistry of flame-retardant polyurethanes. American Chemical Society, Washington
93. Liu H, Zhu L-L, He Y, Cheng B-W (2017) A novel method for fabricating elastic conductive polyurethane filaments by in-situ reduction of polydopamine and electroless silver plating. Mater Des 113:254–26310.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.027 ↗
94. Miller J, Liaw P, Landes J (2001) Influence of fiber coating thickness on fracture behavior of continuous woven Nicalon® fabric-reinforced silicon-carbide matrix ceramic composites. Mater Sci 317(1–2):49–58
95. Rajaei M, Wang D-Y, Bhattacharyya D (2017) Combined effects of ammonium polyphosphate and talc on the fire and mechanical properties of epoxy/glass fabric composites. Compos Part B Eng 113:381–39010.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.039 ↗
96. Hammiche D, Boukerrou A, Guermazi N, Arrakhiz FE (2021) Effects of types of PVC-g-MA on wettability and dynamical behavior of polyvinyl chloride/Alfa composites. Mater Today 36:10–15
97. Choudhry RS, Hassan SF, Li S, Day R (2015) Damage in single lap joints of woven fabric reinforced polymeric composites subjected to transverse impact loading. Int J Imp Eng 80:76–9310.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.02.003 ↗
98. Gou J-J, Gong C-L, Gu L-X, Li S, Tao W-Q (2018) The unit cell method in predictions of thermal expansion properties of textile reinforced composites. Compos Struct 195:99–11710.1016/j.compstruct.2018.04.045 ↗
99. Gou J-J, Ren X-J, Fang W-Z, Li S, Tao W-Q (2018) Two small unit cell models for prediction of thermal properties of 8-harness satin woven pierced composites. Compos B Eng 135:218–23110.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.007 ↗
100. Li H, Li S, Wang Y (2011) Prediction of effective thermal conductivities of woven fabric composites using unit cells at multiple length scales. J Mater Res 26(3):38410.1557/jmr.2010.51 ↗