α-Fe2O3 /(PVA + PEG) Nanocomposite films; synthesis, optical, and dielectric characterizations
Source abstract
Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanorods with an average diameter of 40 nm were prepared using a template-free sol–gel method. These nanorods then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%. The transmittance percentage (T%) of the films showed a decrease from 80.26 to 33.24 %. The direct optical band gap also decreased from 5.28 to 4.83 eV whereas the refractive index significantly increased with increasing the hematite content. The dielectric measurements were performed in the temperature range 303–413 K and frequency range 30 kHz–3.0 MHz. According to the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant (e’), α a -relaxation peaks observed in all films and assigned to the micro-Brownian motion of the polymer blend chains. The behavior of the ac conductivity, σ ac (f), of the nanocomposite films indicated that the homogenous distribution of α-Fe2O3 nanorods allows the formation of conductive three-dimensional networks throughout the nanocomposite film. Also, indicated that the correlated barrier hopping is the most suitable conduction mechanism.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Iron oxide chemistry and applications · Conducting polymers and applications · Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. Sengwa RJ, Choudhary S, Sankhla S (2010) Dielectric properties of montmorillonite clay filled poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 70:1621–162710.1016/j.compscitech.2010.06.003 ↗
2. X-Qiang Liu, Wang Y, Yang W, Liu Z-Y, Luo Y, Xie B-Hu, Yang M-B (2012) Control of morphology and properties by the selective distribution of nano-silica particles with different surface characteristics in PA6/ABS blends. J Mater Sci 47:4620–4631. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6327-010.1007/s10853-012-6327-0 ↗
3. Kumar E, Selvarajan P, Muthuraj D (2012) Preparation and characterization of polyaniline/cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanocomposite via in situ polymerization. J Mater Sci 47:7148–715610.1007/s10853-012-6655-0 ↗
4. Nandi D, Ghosh AK, De A, Sen P, Ghosh UC (2014) Fabrication, nanostructure evaluation, 3D electrical transport and electrochemical capacitance of PEDOT–Ti(IV)-doped iron(III) oxide nanocomposite. J Mater Sci 49:776–785. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7760-410.1007/s10853-013-7760-4 ↗
5. Su J, Li Y, Wang K, Fu Q (2014) Brittle–ductile transition behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene-octene) blend: the roles of compatibility and test temperature. J Mater Sci 49:1794–1804. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7867-710.1007/s10853-013-7867-7 ↗
6. El Sayed AM, Diab HM, El-Mallawany R (2013) Controlling the dielectric and optical properties of PVA/PEG polymer blend via e-beam irradiation. J Polym Res 20:1–1010.1007/s10965-013-0255-9 ↗
7. Guo Z, Zhang D, Wei S, Wang Z, Karki AB, Li Y, Bernazzani P, Young DP, Gomes JA, Cocke DL, Ho TC (2010) Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on polyvinyl alcohol: interfacial layer and bulk nanocomposites thin film. J Nanopart Res 12:2415–242610.1007/s11051-009-9802-z ↗
8. El Sayed AM, Morsi WM (2013) Dielectric relaxation and optical properties of polyvinyl chloride/lead monoxide nanocomposites. Polym Compos 34:2031–203910.1002/pc.22611 ↗
9. Zare Y (2013) Recent progress on preparation and properties of nanocomposites from recycled polymers: a review. Waste Manag 33:598–60410.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.031 ↗
10. Li W, Zhao X, Huang Z, Liu S (2013) Nanocellulose fibrils isolated from BHKP using ultrasonication and their reinforcing properties in transparent poly (vinyl alcohol) films. J Polym Res 20:21010.1007/s10965-013-0210-9 ↗
11. Sedlarık V, Saha N, Kuritka I, Saha P (2006) Characterization of polymeric biocomposite based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). Polym Compos 27:147–15210.1002/pc.20197 ↗
12. Sheha E, Khoder H, Shanap TS, El-Shaarawy MG, El Mansy MK (2012) Structure, dielectric and optical properties of p-type (PVA/CuI) nanocomposite polymer electrolyte for photovoltaic cells. Optik 123:1161–116610.1016/j.ijleo.2011.06.066 ↗
13. Zalipsky S (1995) Chemistry of polyethylene glycol conjugates with biologically active molecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 16:157–18210.1016/0169-409X(95)00023-Z ↗
14. Chuang W-T, Shih K-S, Hong P-D (2005) Kinetics of phase separation in poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene glycol) blends. J Polym Res 12:197–20410.1007/s10965-004-1868-9 ↗
15. Miranda TMR, Goncalves AR, Amorim MTP (2001) Ultraviolet-induced crosslinking of poly (vinyl alcohol) evaluated by principal component analysis of FTIR spectra. Polym Int 50:1068–107210.1002/pi.745 ↗
16. Lin H, Wagner EV, Swinnea JS, Freeman BD, Pas SJ, Hill AJ, Kalakkunnath S, Kalika DS (2006) Transport and structural characteristics of crosslinked poly (ethylene oxide) rubbers. J Membr Sci 276:145–16110.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.040 ↗
17. B-Senturk H, Choi J, Oral E, Kung JH, Macias CE, Braithwaite G, Muratoglu OK (2008) The effect of polyethylene glycol on the stability of pores in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels during annealing. Biomaterials 29:141–14910.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.015 ↗
18. Park J-Seok, Akim H, Choi J-B, Gwon H-J, Shin Y-M, Lim Y-M, Khil MS, Nho Y-C (2012) Effects of annealing and the addition of PEG on the PVA based hydrogel by gamma ray. Radiat Phys Chem 81:857–86010.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.02.005 ↗
19. Zhang X, Guo X, Yang S, Tan S, Li X, Dai H, Yu X, Zhang X, Weng N, Jian B, Xu J (2009) Double-network hydrogel with high mechanical strength prepared from two biocompatible polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 112:3063–307010.1002/app.29572 ↗
20. Wang X, Zhang L, Ni Y, Hong J, Cao X (2009) Fast preparation, characterization, and property study of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles via a simple solution-combusting method. J Phys Chem C 113:7003–700810.1021/jp810296v ↗
21. Peng D, Beysen S, Li Q, Sun Y, Yang L (2010) Hydrothermal synthesis of monodisperse α-Fe2O3 hexagonal platelets. Particuology 8:386–38910.1016/j.partic.2010.05.003 ↗
22. Mohammadikish M (2014) Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ellipsoid shape α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals. Ceram Int 40:1351–135810.1016/j.ceramint.2013.07.016 ↗
23. Cuong ND, Hoa ND, Hoa TT, Khieu DQ, Quang DT, Quang VV, Hieu NV (2014) Nanoporous hematite nanoparticles: synthesis and applications for benzylation of benzene and aromatic compounds. J Alloys Compd 582:83–8710.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.057 ↗
24. Bandara J, Klehm U, Ki W (2007) Raschig rings-Fe2O3 composite photocatalyst activate in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol and Orange II under daylight irradiation. Appl Catal B Environ 76:73–8110.1016/j.apcatb.2007.05.007 ↗
25. Sun P, Wang W, Liu Y, Sun Y, Ma J, Lu G (2012) Hydrothermal synthesis of 3D urchin-like α-Fe2O nanostructure for gas sensor. Sens Actuat B Chem 173:52–5710.1016/j.snb.2012.05.057 ↗
26. Liu Z, Lva B, Wu D, Sun Y, Xu Y (2013) Magnetic and electrochemical behavior of rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with (104) dominant facets. Particuology 11:327–33310.1016/j.partic.2012.06.016 ↗
27. Ahmmad B, Leonard K, Islam MdS, Kurawaki J, Muruganandham M, Ohkubo T, Kuroda Y (2013) Green synthesis of mesoporous hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity. Adv Powder Technol 24:160–16710.1016/j.apt.2012.04.005 ↗
28. Valvo M, Lindgren F, Lafont U, Björefors F, Edström K (2014) Towards more sustainable negative electrodes in Na-ion batteries via nanostructured iron oxide. J Power Sources 245:967–97810.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.159 ↗
29. Dong W, Zhu C (2002) Use of ethylene oxide in the sol–gel synthesis of a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles from Fe(III) salts. J Mater Chem 12:1676–168310.1039/b200773h ↗
30. Nurhayati T, Iskandar F, Abdullah M, Khairurrijal (2013) Syntheses of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using microwave-assisted calcination method. Mater Sci Forum 737:197–20310.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.737.197 ↗
31. Yan H, Su X, Yang C, Wang J, Niu C (2014) Improved photocatalytic and gas sensing properties of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from β-FeOOH nanospindles. Ceram Int 40:1729–173310.1016/j.ceramint.2013.07.070 ↗
32. Hamd W, Cobo S, Fize J, Baldinozzi G, Schwartz W, Reymermier M, Pereira A, Fontecave M, Artero V, L-Robert C, Sanchez C (2012) Mesoporous α-Fe2O3 thin films synthesized via the sol–gel process for light-driven water oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:13224–1323210.1039/c2cp42535a ↗
33. C-Franco G, Eastman M, Ramana CV (2013) Structure and optical properties of iron oxide films prepared by a modified wet-chemical method. Ceram Int 39:4581–458710.1016/j.ceramint.2012.11.055 ↗
34. Chakrabarty S, Chatterjee K (2013) Oriented growth of α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals with different morphology and their optical behavior. J Cryst Growth 381:107–11310.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.07.013 ↗
35. Song L, Zhang S, Chen B, Ge J, Jia X (2010) A hydrothermal method for preparation of α-Fe2O3 nanotubes and their catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Colloid Surf A 360:1–510.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.012 ↗
36. Patil D, Patil V, Patil P (2011) Highly sensitive and selective LPG sensor based on α-Fe2O3 nanorods. Sens Actuat B Chem 152:299–30610.1016/j.snb.2010.12.025 ↗
37. Liu G, Li L, Yang X (2008) Preparation of ellipsoidal hematite/polymer hybrid materials and the corresponding hollow polymer ellipsoids. Polymer 49:4776–478310.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.043 ↗
38. Dudic D, M-Cincovic´ M, Nedeljkovic JM, Djokovic V (2008) Electrical properties of a composite comprising epoxy resin and a -hematite nanorods. Polymer 49:4000–400810.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.016 ↗
39. Rao TR, Omkaram I, Sumalatha B, Brahmam KV, Raju ChL (2012) Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption studies of manganese ions doped in polyvinyl (alcohol) complexed with polyethylene glycol polymer films. Ionics 18:695–70110.1007/s11581-012-0666-3 ↗
40. Wang LB, Song LX, Dang Z, Chen J, Yang J, Zeng J (2012) Controlled growth and magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals: octahedra, cuboctahedra and truncated cubes. CrystEngComm 14:3355–335810.1039/c2ce06661k ↗
41. Ghanipour M, Dorranian D (2013) Effect of ag-nanoparticles doped in polyvinyl alcohol on the structural and optical properties of PVA films. J Nanomater, Article ID 897043,10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/89704310.1155/2013/897043 ↗
42. Mallakpour S, Madani M (2011) Use of l-tyrosine amino acid as biomodifier of Cloisite Na+ for preparation of novel poly(vinyl alcohol)/organoclay bionanocomposites film. J Mater Sci 46:4071–4078. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5336-810.1007/s10853-011-5336-8 ↗
43. Yahia IS, Farag AAM, Cavas M, Yakuphanoglu F (2013) Effects of stabilizer ratio on the optical constants and optical dispersion parameters of ZnO nano-fiber thin films. Superlatt Microstruct 53:63–7510.1016/j.spmi.2012.09.008 ↗
44. Mahmoud WE, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Heniti S, Al-Ameer S (2010) The influence of temperature on the structure of Cd-doped ZnO nanopowders. J Alloys Compd 491:742–74610.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.055 ↗
45. Wen R, Wang L, Wang X, Yue GH, Chen Y, Peng DL (2010) Influence of substrate temperature on mechanical, optical and electrical properties of ZnO:Al films. J Alloys Compd 508:370–37410.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.034 ↗
46. Dutta M, Mridha S, Basak D (2008) Effect of sol concentration on the properties of ZnO thin films prepared by sol–gel technique. Appl Surf Sci 254:2743–274710.1016/j.apsusc.2007.10.009 ↗
47. Keskenler EF, Turgut G, Dogan S (2012) Investigation of structural and optical properties of ZnO films co-doped with fluorine and indium. Superlatt Microstruct 52:107–11510.1016/j.spmi.2012.04.002 ↗
48. Aydın C, Abd El-Sadek MS, Zheng K, Yahia IS, Yakuphanoglu F (2013) Synthesis, diffused reflectance and electrical properties of nanocrystalline Fe-doped ZnO via sol–gel calcination technique. Optics Laser Technol 48:447–45210.1016/j.optlastec.2012.11.004 ↗
49. O’Leary SK, Zukotynski S, Perz JM (1997) Disorder and optical absorption in amorphous silicon and amorphous germanium. J Non-Cryst Solids 210:249–25310.1016/S0022-3093(96)00612-6 ↗
50. Belal A, Amin M, Hassan H, Abd El-Mongy A, Kamal B, Ibrahim K (1994) The role of BaTiO3 on the dielectric properties of polyvinyl chloride. Phys Status Solidi A 144:k53–k5710.1002/pssa.2211440138 ↗
51. Hanafy TA (2008) Dielectric relaxation and alternating-current conductivity of gadolinium-doped poly(vinyl alcohol). J Appl Polym Sci 108:2540–254910.1002/app.27567 ↗
52. Narula GK, Pillai PKC (1989) Dielectric and TSC study in a semi-compatible solution-mixed PVDF-PMMA blend. J Mater Sci Lett 8:608–61110.1007/BF00720315 ↗
53. Rao V, Ashokan PV, Shridhar MH (2000) Studies of dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity in cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate–poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Mater Sci Eng A281:213–22010.1016/S0921-5093(99)00723-6 ↗
54. Reddy ChVS, Han X, Zhu Q-Y, Mai L-Q, Chen W (2006) Dielectric spectroscopy studies on (PVP + PVA) polyblend film. Microelectron Eng 83:281–28510.1016/j.mee.2005.08.010 ↗
55. Mahrous S (1996) Dielectric analysis of the α-relaxation of PVC stabilized with cadmium laurate. Polym Int 40:261–26710.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(199608)40:4<261::AID-PI549>3.0.CO;2-C ↗
56. Prajapati GK, Gupta PN (2011) Comparative study of the electrical and dielectric properties of PVA–PEG–Al2O3–MI (M = Na, K, Ag) complex polymer electrolytes. Physica B 406:3108–311310.1016/j.physb.2011.05.019 ↗
57. Raghu S, Kilarkaje S, Sanjeev G, Devendrappa H (2013) Electron beam induced modifications in conductivity and dielectric property of polymer electrolyte film. Radiat Meas 53–54:56–6410.1016/j.radmeas.2013.03.017 ↗
58. Migahed MD, Ishra M, Fahmy T, Barakat A (2004) Electric modulus and AC conductivity studies in conducting PPy composite films at low temperature. J Phys Chem Solids 65:1121–112510.1016/j.jpcs.2003.11.039 ↗
59. Ma F, Yuan N, Ding J (2013) The conductive network made up by the reduced graphene nanosheet/polyaniline/polyvinyl chloride. J Appl Polym Sci 128:3870–387510.1002/app.38624 ↗
60. Elliott SR (1983) Physics of Amorphous Materials. Longman Group limited, England
61. Balasundaram N, Mangalaraj D, Narayandass SK, Balasubramanian C (1992) Structure, dielectric, and AC conduction properties of amorphous germanium thin films. Phys Status Solidi A 130:141–15110.1002/pssa.2211300117 ↗
62. Kilinç N, Öztürk S, Arda L, Altindal A, Öztürk ZZ (2012) Structural, electrical transport and NO2 sensing properties of Y-doped ZnO thin films. J Alloys Compd 536:138–14410.1016/j.jallcom.2012.04.104 ↗
63. Mohamed RI (2000) AC conductivity and dielectric constant of poly(vinyl alcohol) doped with MnSO4. J Phys Chem Solids 61:1357–136110.1016/S0022-3697(99)00390-X ↗