Surface-mechanical and electrical properties of pulse electrodeposited Cu–graphene oxide composite coating for electrical contacts
Source abstract
Abstract
The current communication deals with elaboration of electrodeposited graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced copper composite coating with tribomechanical and electrical properties. Graphene oxide, chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/L) were incorporated in the copper matrix. The surface-mechanical and electrical properties of the developed coatings were investigated for possible electrical contacts applications. The deposition process was carried out at a pH value of 1 ± 0.02, which was sufficiently below the isoelectric point of RGO and TRGO to avoid possible agglomeration during deposition. A structural change of the synthesized specimens and the presence of GO in the composite coating were demonstrated from Raman spectra characterization. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy of some specific specimens (RGO, TRGO and Cu-0.5 g/L TRGO) was carried out to study the elemental composition, chemical state and electronic state of the elements present. Improvement of mechanical and electrical properties was clearly evident due to dispersion hardening caused by uniform dispersion of second-phase GOs. Cu–TRGO composite coating shows excellent electrical conductivity as compared to GO- and RGO-reinforced composite coatings due to removal of oxygen-containing groups after thermal reduction process.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. Ashok A, Maharana HS, Basu A (2015) A effect of electro-co-deposition parameters on surface mechanical properties of Cu–TiO2 composite coating. Bull Mater Sci 38:335–34210.1007/s12034-015-0884-1 ↗
2. Braunovic M, Myshkin NK, Konchits VV (2006) Electrical contacts: fundamentals, applications and technology. CRC Press, Boca Raton10.1201/9780849391088 ↗
3. Slade PG (1999) Electrical contacts principles and applications. Marcell Dekker Inc, New York10.1201/9780585139319 ↗
4. Yang Z, Lichtenwalner DJ, Morris AS, Krim J, Kingon AI (2009) Comparison of Au and Au–Ni alloys as contact materials for MEMS switches. J Microelectromech Syst 18:287–29510.1109/JMEMS.2008.2010850 ↗
5. Joshi PB, Murti NSS, Gadgeel VL, Kaushik VK, Ramakrishnan P (1995) Preparation and characterization of Ag–ZnO powders for applications in electrical contact materials. J Mater Sci Lett 14:1099–110110.1007/BF00423372 ↗
6. Kovzik J, Bielek J (1996) Electrical conductivity of Cu/graphite composite material as a function of structural characteristics. Scr Mater 35:151–15610.1016/1359-6462(96)00121-2 ↗
7. He DH, Manory RA (2001) Novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors. Wear 249:626–63610.1016/S0043-1648(01)00700-1 ↗
8. Huang S, Feng Y, Ding K, Qian G, Liu H, Wang Y (2012) Friction and wear properties of Cu-based self-lubricating composites in air and vacuum conditions. Acta Metall Sin 25:391–400
9. Liu Y, Senturk BS, Mantese JV, Aindow M, Alpay SP (2011) Electrical and tribological properties of a Ni-18% Ru alloy for contact applications. J Mater Sci 46:6563–6570. 10.1007/s10853-011-5603-810.1007/s10853-011-5603-8 ↗
10. Mulligan CP, Gall D (2005) CrN–Ag self-lubricating hard coatings. Surf Coat Technol 200:1495–150010.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.063 ↗
11. Kutschej K, Mitterer C, Mulligan CP, Gall D (2006) High temperature tribological behavior of CrN–Ag self-lubricating coatings. Adv Eng Mater 8:1125–112910.1002/adem.200600131 ↗
12. Lauridsen J, Eklund P, Jensen J, Ljungcrantz H, Öberg A, Lewin E, Jansson U, Flink A, Högberg H, Hultman L (2010) Microstructure evolution of Ti–Si–C–Ag nanocomposite coatings deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. Acta Mater 58:6592–659910.1016/j.actamat.2010.08.018 ↗
13. Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321:385–38810.1126/science.1157996 ↗
14. Scarpa F, Adhikari S, Phani AS (2009) Effective elastic mechanical properties of single layer graphene sheets. Nanotechnology 20:06570910.1088/0957-4484/20/6/065709 ↗
15. Berman D, Erdemir A, Sumant AV (2013) Reduced wear and friction enabled by graphene layers on sliding steel surfaces in dry nitrogen. Carbon 59:167–17510.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.006 ↗
16. Kirkland NT, Schiller T, Medhekar N, Birbilis N (2012) Exploring graphene as a corrosion protection barrier. Corros Sci 56:1–410.1016/j.corsci.2011.12.003 ↗
17. Singh Raman RK, Chakraborty Banerjee P, Lobo DE, Gullapalli H, Sumandasa M, Kumar A, Choudhary L, Tkacz R, Ajayan PM, Majumder M (2012) Protecting copper from electrochemical degradation by graphene coating. Carbon 50:4040–404510.1016/j.carbon.2012.04.048 ↗
18. Schriver M, Regan W, Gannett WJ, Zaniewski AM, Crommie MF, Zett A (2013) Graphene as a long-term metal oxidation barrier: worse than nothing. ACS Nano 7:5763–576810.1021/nn4014356 ↗
19. Novoselov KS (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–66910.1126/science.1102896 ↗
20. Marinho B, Ghislandi M, Tkalya E, Koning CE, With GD (2012) Electrical conductivity of compacts of graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and graphite powder. Powder Technol 221:351–35810.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.024 ↗
21. Balandin AA (2011) Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials. Nat Mater 10:569–58110.1038/nmat3064 ↗
22. Balandin AA, Ghosh S, Bao W, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, Lau CN (2008) Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Lett 8:902–90710.1021/nl0731872 ↗
23. Stoller MD, Park S, Zhu Y, An J, Ruoff RS (2008) Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett 8(10):3498–350210.1021/nl802558y ↗
24. Wang B, Wu X, Shu C, Guo Y, Wang C (2010) Synthesis of CuO/graphene nanocomposite as a high-performance anode material for lithium–ion batteries. J Mater Chem 20:10661–1066410.1039/c0jm01941k ↗
25. Kim Y, Lee J, Yeom MS, Shi JW, Kim H, Cui Y, Kysar JW, Hone J, Jung Y, Jeon S, Han SM (2013) Strengthening effect of single-atomic-layer graphene in metal–graphene nanolayered composites. Nat Commun 4:1–7
26. Gao R, Hu N, Yang Z, Zhu Q, Chai J, Su Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y (2013) Paper-like graphene–Ag composite films with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties. Nanosc Res Lett 8(32):1–8
27. Zhong C, Wang J, Gao X, Wexler D, Liu H (2013) In situ one step synthesis of a 3D nanostructured germanium–graphene composite and its application in lithium–ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 1:10798–1080410.1039/c3ta11796k ↗
28. Wu S, Yin Z, He Q, Huang X, Zhou X, Zhang H (2010) Electrochemical deposition of semiconductor oxides on reduced graphene oxide-based flexible, transparent, and conductive electrodes. J Phys Chem C 114(27):11816–1182110.1021/jp103696u ↗
29. Kholmanov IN, Domingues SH, Chou H, Wang X, Tan C, Kim J, Li H, Piner R, Zarbin AJG, Ruoff RS (2013) Reduced graphene oxide/copper nanowire hybrid films as high-performance transparent electrodes. ACS Nano 7:1811–181610.1021/nn3060175 ↗
30. Mai YJ, Wang XL, Xiang JY, Qiao YQ, Zhang D, Gu CD, Tu JP (2011) CuO/graphene composite as anode materials for lithium–ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 56:2306–231110.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.036 ↗
31. Zhang Y, Liu S, Wang L, Qin X, Tian J, Lu W, Chang G, Sun X (2012) One-pot green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles-graphene nanocomposites and their applications in SERS, H2O2, and glucose sensing. RSC Adv 2:538–54510.1039/C1RA00641J ↗
32. Zhuo Q, Ma Y, Gao J, Zhang P, Xia Y, Tian Y, Sun X, Zhong J, Sun X (2013) Facile synthesis of graphene/metal nanoparticle composites via self-catalysis reduction at room temperature. Inorg Chem 52(6):3141–314710.1021/ic302608g ↗
33. Tran PD, Batabyal SK, Pramana SS, Barber J, Wong LH, Loo SCJ (2012) A cuprous oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Cu2O/rGO) composite photocatalyst for hydrogen generation: employing RGO as an electron acceptor to enhance the photocatalytic activity and stability of Cu2O. Nanoscale 4:3875–387810.1039/c2nr30881a ↗
34. Perret PG, Malenfant PRL, Bock C, MacDougall B (2012) Electro-deposition and dissolution of MnO2 on a graphene composite electrode for its utilization in an aqueous based hybrid supercapacitor. J Electrochem Soc 159:A1554–A156110.1149/2.064208jes ↗
35. Hilder M, Winther-Jensen O, Winther-Jensen B, MacFarlane DR (2012) Graphene/zinc nano-composites by electrochemical Co-deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:14034–1404010.1039/c2cp42385e ↗
36. Kim G, Nam I, Kim ND, Park J, Park S, Yi J (2012) A synthesis of graphene/Co3O4 thin films for lithium ion battery anodes by coelectrodeposition. Electrochem Commun 22:93–9610.1016/j.elecom.2012.05.032 ↗
37. Jagannadham K (2012) Electrical conductivity of copper–graphene composite films synthesized by electrochemical deposition with exfoliated graphene platelets. J Vac Sci Technol B 30:03D10910.1116/1.3701701 ↗
38. Jagannadham K (2013) Volume fraction of graphene platelets in copper–graphene composites. Metall Mater Trans A 44(1):552–55910.1007/s11661-012-1387-y ↗
39. Du D, Liu J, Zhang X, Cui X, Lin Y (2011) One-step electrochemical deposition of a graphene–ZrO2 nanocomposite: preparation, characterization and application for detection of organophosphorus agents. J Mater Chem 21:8032–803710.1039/c1jm10696a ↗
40. Liu C, Wang K, Luo S, Tang Y, Chen L (2011) Direct electrodeposition of graphene enabling the one-step synthesis of graphene–metal nanocomposite films. Small 7(9):1203–120610.1002/smll.201002340 ↗
41. Hu J, Li H, Wu Q, Zhao Y, Jiao Q (2015) Synthesis of TiO2 nanowire/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performances. Chem Eng J 263:144–15010.1016/j.cej.2014.11.007 ↗
42. Konkena B, Vasudevan S (2012) Understanding aqueous dispersibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide through pKa measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 3:867–87210.1021/jz300236w ↗
43. Wang X, Bai H, Shi G (2011) Size fractionation of graphene oxide sheets by pH-assisted selective sedimentation. J Am Chem Soc 133:6338–634210.1021/ja200218y ↗
44. Wu Y, Huang M, Song N, Hu W (2014) Electrochemical detection of guaiacol in bamboo juice based on the enhancement effect of RGO nanosheets. Anal Methods 6:2729–273510.1039/C4AY00195H ↗
45. Maharana HS, Lakra S, Pal S, Basu A (2016) Electrophoretic deposition of Cu–SiO2 coatings by DC and pulsed DC for enhanced surface-mechanical properties. J Mater Eng Perform 25(1):327–33710.1007/s11665-015-1834-1 ↗
46. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2007) Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45:1558–156510.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034 ↗
47. Chen X, Meng D, Wang B, Li BW, Li W, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS (2016) Rapid thermal decomposition of confined graphene oxide films in air. Carbon 101:71–7610.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.075 ↗
48. Pavithra CLP, Sarada BV, Rajulapati KV, Rao TN, Sundararajan G (2014) A new electrochemical approach for the synthesis of copper–graphene nanocomposite foils with high hardness. Sci Rep 4:1–7
49. Hilder M, Winther-Jensen B, Li D, Forsyth M, MacFarlane DR (2011) Direct electro-deposition of graphene from aqueous suspensions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:9187–919310.1039/c1cp20173e ↗
50. Jo G, Choe M, Cho C, Kim JH, Park W, Lee S, Hong W, Kim T, Park S, Hong BH, Kahng YH, Lee T (2010) Large-scale patterned multi-layer graphene films as transparent conducting electrodes for GaN light-emitting diodes. Nanotechnology 21:17520110.1088/0957-4484/21/17/175201 ↗
51. Hurley BL, Qiu S, Buchheit RG (2011) Raman spectroscopy characterization of aqueous vanadate species interaction with aluminum alloy 2024-T3 surfaces. J Electrochem Soc 158:C125–C13110.1149/1.3562557 ↗
52. Cano E, Torres CL, Bastidas JM (2001) An XPS study of copper corrosion originated by formic acid vapour at 40 % and 80 % relative humidity. Mater Corros 52:667–67610.1002/1521-4176(200109)52:9<667::AID-MACO667>3.0.CO;2-H ↗
53. Chowdhury I, Mansukhani ND, Guiney LM, Hersam MC, Bouchard D (2015) Aggregation and stability of reduced graphene oxide: complex roles of divalent cations, pH, and natural organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 49:10886–1089310.1021/acs.est.5b01866 ↗
54. Chen F, Ying J, Wang Y, Du S, Liu Z, Huang Q (2016) Effects of graphene content on the microstructure and properties of copper matrix composites. Carbon 96:836–84210.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.023 ↗
55. Maharana HS, Ashok A, Pal S, Basu A (2016) Surface-mechanical properties of electrodeposited Cu–Al2O3 composite coating and effects of processing parameters. Metall Mater Trans A 47A:389–399
56. Archard JF (1953) Contact and rubbing of flat surface. J Appl Phys 24:981–98810.1063/1.1721448 ↗
57. Archard JF, Hirst W (1956) The wear of metals under unlubricated conditions. Proc R Soc 236A:397–41010.1098/rspa.1956.0144 ↗
58. Tabandeh-Khorshid M, Omrani E, Menezes PL, Rohatgi PK (2016) Tribological performance of self-lubricating aluminum matrix nanocomposites: role of graphene nanoplatelets. Eng Sci Technol Int J 19:463–46910.1016/j.jestch.2015.09.005 ↗
59. Xu L, Ma TB, Hu YZ, Wang H (2012) Molecular dynamics simulation of the interlayer sliding behavior in few-layer graphene. Carbon 50:1025–103210.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.006 ↗
60. Tomlinson GA (1929) A molecular theory of friction. Philos Mag 7(46):905–93910.1080/14786440608564819 ↗
61. Xu L, Ma TB, Hu YZ, Wang H (2011) Vanishing stick–slip friction in few-layer graphenes: the thickness effect. Nanotechnology 22:28570810.1088/0957-4484/22/28/285708 ↗
62. Mangam V, Bhattacharya S, Das K, Das S (2010) Friction and wear behavior of Cu–CeO2 nanocomposite coatings synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition. Surf Coat Technol 205:801–80510.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.119 ↗
63. Eslami M, Saghafian H, Golestani-fard F, Robin A (2014) Effect of electrodeposition conditions on the properties of Cu–Si3N4 composite coatings. Appl Surf Sci 300:129–14010.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.021 ↗