Flame retardant nanocomposites based on 2D layered nanomaterials: a review
Source abstract
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials, including layered double hydroxides, graphene, montmorillonite, expandable graphite and molybdenum disulfide, as additives to prepare polymer-based flame retardant nanocomposites, have received much interest in the scientific community in recent years. Based on some unique properties of these layered nanomaterials, as well as different flame-retarding mechanisms, various multifunctional nanocomposites can be designed and fabricated. In this paper, first the flame-retarding mechanisms are discussed. Then, the recent progress in polymer-based flame retardant nanocomposites modified by various 2D layered nanomaterials, including the modification methods, are reviewed. The present status and prospective are also discussed.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Flame retardant materials and properties · Electromagnetic wave absorption materials · Graphene research and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Bauer KN, Tee HT, Velencoso MM, Wurm FR (2017) Main-chain poly (phosphoester) s: history, syntheses, degradation, bio-and flame-retardant applications. Prog Polym Sci 73:61–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.05.00410.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.05.004 ↗
2. Dittrich B, Wartig KA, Muelhaupt R, Schartel B (2014) Flame-retardancy properties of intumescent ammonium poly(phosphate) and mineral filler magnesium hydroxide in combination with graphene. Polymers 6:2875–2895. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym611287510.3390/polym6112875 ↗
3. Daimatsu K, Sugimoto H, Kato Y, Nakanishi E, Inomata K, Amekawa Y, Takemura K (2007) Preparation and physical properties of flame retardant acrylic resin containing nano-sized aluminum hydroxide. Polym Degrad Stab 92:1433–1438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.01210.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.012 ↗
4. Yan L, Xu Z, Zhang J (2017) Influence of nanoparticle geometry on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of high-impact polystyrene nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim 130:1987–1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6514-y10.1007/s10973-017-6514-y ↗
5. Dittrich B, Wartig KA, Hofmann D, Muelhaupt R, Schartel B (2015) The influence of layered, spherical, and tubular carbon nanomaterials’ concentration on the flame retardancy of polypropylene. Polym Compos 36:1230–1241. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2302710.1002/pc.23027 ↗
6. Elbasuney S (2015) Surface engineering of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles for polymer flame retardancy. Powder Technol 277:63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.04410.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.044 ↗
7. Zhao M, Yi D, Yang R (2018) Enhanced mechanical properties and fire retardancy of polyamide 6 nanocomposites based on interdigitated crystalline montmorillonite-melamine cyanurate. J Appl Polym Sci 135:46031–46039. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4603910.1002/app.46039 ↗
8. Kai MF, Zhang LW, Liew KM (2019) Graphene and graphene oxide in calcium silicate hydrates: chemical reactions, mechanical behavior and interfacial sliding. Carbon 146:181–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.09710.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.097 ↗
9. Aslam S, Bokhari TH, Anwar T, Khan U, Nairan A, Khan K (2019) Graphene oxide coated graphene foam based chemical sensor. Mater Lett 235:66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.12.00110.1016/j.tca.2016.12.001 ↗
10. Zhang Y, Zhu W, Li J, Zhu Y, Wang A, Lu X, Li W, Shi Y (2019) Effects of ionic hydration and hydrogen bonding on flow resistance of ionic aqueous solutions confined in molybdenum disulfide nanoslits: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Fluid Phase Equilib 489:23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2019.02.01210.1016/j.fluid.2019.02.012 ↗
11. Marinho B, Ghislandi M, Tkalya E, Koning CE, de With G (2012) Electrical conductivity of compacts of graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and graphite powder. Powder Technol 221:351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.02410.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.024 ↗
12. Dong L, Hu C, Song L, Huang X, Chen N, Qu L (2016) A large-Area, flexible, and flame-retardant graphene paper. Adv Funct Mater 26:1470–1476. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20150447010.1002/adfm.201504470 ↗
13. Liu S, Fang Z, Yan H, Chevali VS, Wang H (2016) Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 89:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.01210.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.012 ↗
14. Shi X, Peng X, Zhu J, Lin G, Kuang T (2018) Synthesis of DOPO-HQ-functionalized graphene oxides as a novel and efficient flame retardant and its application on polylactic acid: thermal property, flame retardancy, and mechanical performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 524:267–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.01610.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.016 ↗
15. Nine MJ, Tran DNH, Tran Thanh T, Kabiri S, Losic D (2017) Graphene-borate as an efficient fire retardant for cellulosic materials with multiple and synergetic modes of action. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:10160–10168. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b0057210.1021/acsami.7b00572 ↗
16. Pan H, Pan Y, Wang W, Song L, Hu Y, Liew KM (2014) Synergistic effect of layer-by-layer assembled thin films based on clay and carbon nanotubes to reduce the flammability of flexible polyurethane foam. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:14315–14321. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie502215p10.1021/ie502215p ↗
17. Kuan CF, Tsai KC, Chen CH, Kuan HC, Liu TY, Chang CL (2012) Preparation of expandable graphite via H2O2-hydrothermal process and its effect on properties of high-density polyethylene composites. Polym Compos 33:872–880. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2222410.1002/pc.22224 ↗
18. Zhou K, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wang B, Jiang S, Shi Y, Hu Y, Gui Z (2014) Synergetic effect of ferrocene and MoS2 in polystyrene composites with enhanced thermal stability, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties. RSC Adv 4:13205–13214. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra46334f10.1039/c3ra46334f ↗
19. Xu W, Zhang B, Xu B, Li A (2016) The flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of heptaheptamolybdate modified reduced graphene oxide/layered double hydroxide hybrids on polyurethane elastomer. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 91:30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.09.01310.1016/j.compositesa.2016.09.013 ↗
20. Lewin M, Zhang J, Pearce E, Zammarano M (2010) Polyamide 6 treated with pentabromobenzyl acrylate and layered silicates. Polym Adv Technol 21:825–834. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.171910.1002/pat.1719 ↗
21. Jiang SD, Bai ZM, Tang G, Song L, Stec AA, Hull TR, Hu Y, Hu WZ (2014) Synthesis of mesoporous silica@Co–Al layered double hydroxide spheres: layer-by- layer method and their effects on the flame retardancy of epoxy resins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:14076–14086. https://doi.org/10.1021/am503412y10.1021/am503412y ↗
22. Liao SH, Liu PL, Hsiao MC, Teng CC, Wang CA, Ger MD, Chiang CL (2012) One-step reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide with phosphorus-based compound to produce flame-retardant epoxy nanocomposite. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:4573–4581. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie202664710.1021/ie2026647 ↗
23. Wang L, Xu M, Shi B, Li B (2016) Flame retardance and smoke suppression of CFA/ APP/ LDHs/ EVA composite. Appl Sci-Basel 6:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/app609025510.3390/app6090255 ↗
24. Wang C, Gao J, Gu C (2017) Rapid destruction of tetrabromobisphenol a by iron(III)-tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand/layered double hydroxide composite/H2O2 system. Enivron SciTechnol 51:488–496. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b0429410.1021/acs.est.6b04294 ↗
25. Zhou K, Gui Z, Hu Y (2017) Facile synthesis of LDH nanoplates as reinforcing agents in PVA nanocomposites. Polym Adv Technol 28:386–392. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.390010.1002/pat.3900 ↗
26. Hajibeygi M, Shabanian M, Omidi-Ghallemohamadi M (2017) Development of new acid-imide modified Mg-Al/LDH reinforced semi-crystalline poly(amide-imide) containing naphthalene ring; study on thermal stability and optical properties. Appl Clay Sci 139:9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.01110.1016/j.clay.2017.01.011 ↗
27. Jeffery AA, Nethravathi C, Rajamathi M (2014) Two-dimensional nanosheets and layered hybrids of MoS2 and WS2 through exfoliation of ammoniated MS2 (M = Mo, W). J Phys Chem C 118:1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp410918c10.1021/jp410918c ↗
28. Wang L, Li B, Zhao X, Chen C, Cao J (2012) Effect of rare earth ions on the properties of composites composed of ethylene vinyl Acetate copolymer and layered double hydroxides. PLoS ONE 7:E33781–E33792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.003778110.1371/journal.pone.0037781 ↗
29. Becker CM, Dick TA, Wypych F, Schrekker HS, Amico SC (2012) Synergetic effect of LDH and glass fiber on the properties of two- and three-component epoxy composites. Polym Test 31:741–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.04.00910.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.04.009 ↗
30. Wu Y, Tang M, Wang N, Qin J, Chen X, Zhang K (2018) Preparation and investigation on morphology, thermal stability and crystallization behavior of HDPE/EVA/ organo- modified layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. Polym Compos 39:E1849–E1857. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2483410.1002/pc.24834 ↗
31. Costa FR, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G (2007) LDPE/Mg–Al layered double hydroxide nano- composite: thermal and flammability properties. Polym Degrad Stab 92:1813–1823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.07.00910.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.07.009 ↗
32. Xu W, Zhang B, Wang X, Wang G (2017) The flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of a hybrid containing dihydrogen phosphate anion modified reduced graphene oxide/layered double hydroxide on epoxy resin. RSC Adv 7:19662–19673. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01930k10.1039/c7ra01930k ↗
33. Zhu P, Gu Z, Hong S, Lian H (2018) Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated LDHs with melamine-formaldehyde resin and its flame retardant application in epoxy resin. Polym Adv Technol 29:2147–2160. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.432310.1002/pat.4323 ↗
34. Wang PJ, Hu XP, Liao DJ, Wen Y, Hull TR, Miao F, Zhang QT (2017) Dual fire retardant action: the combined gas and condensed phase effects of azo-modified NiZnAl layered double hydroxide on intumescent polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 56:920–932. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b0395310.1021/acs.iecr.6b03953 ↗
35. Edenharter A, Feicht P, Diar-Bakerly B, Beyer G, Breu J (2016) Superior flame retardant by combining high aspect ratio layered double hydroxide and graphene oxide. Polymer 91:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.02010.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.020 ↗
36. Nevare MR, Gite VV, Mahulikar PP, Ahamad A, Rajput SD (2014) Synergism between LDH and nano-Zinc phosphate on the flammability and mechanical properties of polypropylene. Polym Plast Technol 53:429–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2013.84424410.1080/03602559.2013.844244 ↗
37. Wang B, Zhou K, Wang B, Gui Z, Hu Y (2014) Synthesis and characterization of CuMoO4/Zn-Al layered double hydroxide hybrids and their application as a reinforcement in polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:12355–12362. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie502232a10.1021/ie502232a ↗
38. Hou Y, Qiu S, Hu Y, Kundu CK, Gui Z, Hu W (2018) construction of bimetallic ZIF-derived Co-Ni LDHs on the surfaces of GO or CNTs with a recyclable method: toward reduced toxicity of gaseous thermal decomposition products of unsaturated polyester resin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:18359–18371. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b0434010.1021/acsami.8b04340 ↗
39. Benaddi H, Benachour D, Grohens Y (2016) Preparation and characterization of polystyrene- MgAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites using bulk polymerization. J Polym Eng 36:681–693. https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-016210.1515/polyeng-2015-0162 ↗
40. Liu J, Tao Y, Zhou K, Shi Y, Feng X, Jie G, Yuen RKK, Hu Y (2017) The influence of typical layered inorganic compounds on the improved thermal stability and fire resistance properties of polystyrene nanocomposites. Polym Compos 38:E320–E330. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2379210.1002/pc.23792 ↗
41. Guo B, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wang Q, Liu Y, Li J, Yu H (2017) Efficient flame-retardant and smoke-suppression properties of Mg–Al-layered double-hydroxide nanostructures on wood substrate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:23039–23047. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b0680310.1021/acsami.7b06803 ↗
42. Mallakpour S, Hatami M (2017) Condensation polymer/layered double hydroxide NCs: preparation, characterization, and utilizations. Eur Polym J 90:273–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.01510.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.015 ↗
43. Wang L, Zhang M, Zhou B (2017) Thermal stability, combustion behavior, and mechanical property in a flame-retardant polypropylene system. Appl Sci-Basel 7:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/app701005510.3390/app7010055 ↗
44. Guan W, Zhou W, Huang Q, Lu C (2014) Chemiluminescence as a novel indicator for interactions of surfactant-polymer mixtures at the surface of layered double hydroxides. J Phys Chem C 118:2792–2798. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp410030b10.1021/jp410030b ↗
45. Jiang Y, Hao Z, Luo H, Shao Z, Yu Q, Sun M, Ke Y, Chen Y (2018) Synergistic effects of boron-doped silicone resin and a layered double hydroxide modified with sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate for enhancing the flame retardancy of polycarbonate. RSC Adv 8:11078–11086. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01086b10.1039/c8ra01086b ↗
46. Kumar M, Chakraborty S, Upadhyaya P, Pugazhenthi G (2018) Morphological, mechanical, and thermal features of PMMA nanocomposites containing two-dimensional Co–Al layered double hydroxide. J Appl Polym Sci 135:45774–45785. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4577410.1002/app.45774 ↗
47. Qiu L, Gao Y, Zhang C, Yan Q, O’Hare D, Wang Q (2018) Synthesis of highly efficient flame retardant polypropylene nanocomposites with surfactant intercalated layered double hydroxides. Dalton Trans 47:2965–2975. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT03477F10.1039/C7DT03477F ↗
48. Wang L, Li B, Zhang X, Chen C, Zhang F (2012) Effect of intercalated anions on the performance of Ni–Al LDH nanofiller of ethylene vinyl acetate composites. Appl Clay Sci 56:110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.12.00410.1016/j.clay.2011.12.004 ↗
49. Wang X, Kalali EN, Wang DY (2015) Renewable cardanol-based surfactant modified layered double hydroxide as a flame retardant for epoxy resin. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:33281–33290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b0087110.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00871 ↗
50. Gao Y, Zhang Y, Williams GR, O’Hare D, Wang Q (2016) Layered double hydroxide-oxidized carbon nanotube hybrids as highly efficient flame retardant nanofillers for polypropylene. Sci Rep-UK 6:33502–33515. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep3550210.1038/srep35502 ↗
51. Qiu L, Gao Y, Lu P, O’Hare D, Wang Q (2018) Synthesis and properties of polypropylene/ layered double hydroxide nanocomposites with different LDHs particle sizes. J Appl Polym Sci 135:46204–46216. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4620410.1002/app.46204 ↗
52. Huang G, Fei Z, Chen X, Qiu F, Wang X, Gao J (2012) Functionalization of layered double hydroxides by intumescent flame retardant: preparation, characterization, and application in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. Appl Surf Sci 258:10115–10122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.08810.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.088 ↗
53. Kalali EN, Montes A, Wang X, Zhang L, Shabestari ME, Li Z, Wang DY (2018) Effect of phytic acid-modified layered double hydroxide on flammability and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. Fire Mater 42:213–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.248210.1002/fam.2482 ↗
54. Zhang S, Tang W, Sun J, Jiang Y, Bu X, Gu X (2018) Synergistic effects of modified hydrotalcite on improving the fire resistance of ethylene vinyl acetate containing intumescent flame retardants. Polym Compos 39:522–528. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2396410.1002/pc.23964 ↗
55. Kalali EN, De Juan S, Wang X, Nie S, Wang R, Wang DY (2015) Comparative study on synergistic effect of LDH and zirconium phosphate with aluminum trihydroxide on flame retardancy of EVA composites. J Therm Anal Calorim 121:619–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4598-910.1007/s10973-015-4598-9 ↗
56. Pang XY, Tian Y, Shi XZ (2017) Synergism between hydrotalcite and silicate-modified expandable graphite on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer combustion behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 134:44634–44642. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4463410.1002/app.44634 ↗
57. Liu S, Fang Z, Yan H, Chevali VS, Wang H (2016) Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 89:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/am500265a10.1021/am500265a ↗
58. Gao Y, Wang Q, Wang J, Huang L, Yan X, Zhang X, He Q, Xing Z, Guo Z (2014) Synthesis of highly efficient flame retardant high-density polyethylene nanocomposites with inorgano-layered double hydroxides as nanofiller using solvent mixing Method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:5094–5104. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b0327110.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03271 ↗
59. Chen Y, Zhang S, Han X, Zhang X, Yi M, Yang S, Yu D, Liu W (2018) Catalytic dechlorination and charring reaction of polyvinyl chloride by CuAl layered double hydroxide. Energy Fuel 32:2407–2413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.03110.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.031 ↗
60. Wang W, Pan HF, Shi YQ, Pan Y, Yang W, Liew KM, Song L, Hu Y (2016) Fabrication of LDH nanosheets on beta-FeOOH rods and applications for improving the fire safety of epoxy resin. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 80:259–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0197-y10.1007/s10973-009-0197-y ↗
61. Jiao C, Chen X (2009) Synergistic effects of zinc oxide with layered double hydroxides in EVA/LDH composites. J Therm Anal Calorim 98:813–818. https://doi.org/10.1021/la102449m10.1021/la102449m ↗
62. Wang DY, Das A, Costa FR, Leuteritz A, Wang YZ, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G (2010) Synthesis of organo cobalt aluminum layered double hydroxide via a novel single-step self-assembling method and its use as flame retardant nanofiller in PP. Langmuir 26:14162–14169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.02410.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.024 ↗
63. Du B, Guo Z, Fang Z (2009) Effects of organo-clay and sodium dodecyl sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxide on thermal and flame behaviour of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 94:1979–1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.04810.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.048 ↗
64. Ding P, Kang B, Zhang J, Yang J, Song N, Tang S, Shi L (2015) Phosphorus-containing flame retardant modified layered double hydroxides and their applications on polylactide film with good transparency. J Colloid Interface Sci 440:46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.04.00210.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.04.002 ↗
65. Li M, Pang L, Chen M, Xie J, Liu Q (2018) Effects of aluminum hydroxide and layered double hydroxide on asphalt fire resistance. Materials 11:1939–1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1110193910.3390/ma11101939 ↗
66. Zhao C, Peng G, Liu B, Jiang Z (2011) Synergistic effect of organically modified layered double hydroxide on thermal and flame-retardant properties of poly(butyl acrylate-vinyl acetate). J Polym Res 18:1971–1981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-011-9604-810.1007/s10965-011-9604-8 ↗
67. Huang G, Chen S, Song P, Lu P, Wu C, Liang H (2014) Combination effects of graphene and layered double hydroxides on intumescent flame-retardant poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. Appl Clay Sci 88–89:78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.11.00210.1016/j.clay.2013.11.002 ↗
68. Nyambo C, Kandare E, Wang D, Wilkie CA (2008) Flame-retarded polystyrene: investigating chemical interactions between ammonium polyphosphate and MgAl layered double hydroxide. Polym Degrad Stab 93:1656–1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.02910.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.029 ↗
69. Zhang S, Yan Y, Wang W, Gu X, Li H, Li J, Sun J (2018) Intercalation of phosphotungstic acid into layered double hydroxides by reconstruction method and its application in intumescent flame retardant poly (lactic acid) composites. Polym Degrad Stab 147:142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.12.00410.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.12.004 ↗
70. Jin X, Gu X, Chen C, Tang W, Li H, Liu X, Bourbigot S, Zhang Z, Sun J, Zhang S (2017) The fire performance of polylactic acid containing a novel intumescent flame retardant and intercalated layered double hydroxides. J Mater Sci 52:12235–12250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1354-510.1007/s10853-017-1354-5 ↗
71. Wang H, Tan S, Song R (2019) Effect of trace chloride on the char formation and flame retardancy of the LLDPE filled with NiAl-layered double hydroxides. Fire Mater 43:110–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.267410.1002/fam.2674 ↗
72. Zhang M, Ding P, Qu B, Guan A (2008) A new method to prepare flame retardant polymer composites. J Mater Process Technol 208:342–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.13910.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.139 ↗
73. Zheng L, Wu T, Kong Q, Zhang J, Liu H (2017) Improving flame retardancy of PP/MH/RP composites through synergistic effect of organic CoAl-layered double hydroxide. J Therm Anal Calorim 129:1039–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6231-610.1007/s10973-017-6231-6 ↗
74. Kaul PK, Samson AJ, Selvan GT, Enoch IVMV, Selvakumar PM (2017) Synergistic effect of LDH in the presence of organophosphate on thermal and flammable properties of an epoxy nanocomposite. Appl Clay Sci 135:234–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.03110.1016/j.clay.2016.09.031 ↗
75. Kalali EN, Wang X, Wang DY (2016) Synthesis of a Fe3O4 nanosphere@Mg–Al layered- double-hydroxide hybrid and application in the fabrication of multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res 55:6634–6642. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b0487310.1021/acs.iecr.5b04873 ↗
76. Li Z, Zhang J, Dufosse F, Wang DY (2018) Ultrafine nickel nanocatalyst-engineering of an organic layered double hydroxide towards a super-efficient fire-safe epoxy resin via interfacial catalysis. J Mater Chem A 6:8488–8498. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA00910D10.1039/C8TA00910D ↗
77. Hajibeygi M, Shabanian M, Khonakdar HA (2015) Zn–AL LDH reinforced nanocomposites based on new polyamide containing imide group: from synthesis to properties. Appl Clay Sci 114:256–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.06.00810.1016/j.clay.2015.06.008 ↗
78. Rastin H, Saeb MR, Nonahal M, Shabanian M, Vahabi H, Formela K, Gabrion X, Seidi F, Zarrintaj P, Sari MG, Laheurte P (2017) Transparent nanocomposite coatings based on epoxy and layered double hydroxide: nonisothermal cure kinetics and viscoelastic behavior assessments. Prog Org Coat 113:126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.09.00310.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.09.003 ↗
79. Kong Q, Wu T, Wang J, Liu H, Zhang J (2018) Improving the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP/IFR composites by NiAl-layered double hydroxide. J. Nanosci. Nanotechno. 8:3660–3665. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.1467910.1166/jnn.2018.14679 ↗
80. Wang L, Zhang M, Li B (2016) Thermal analysis and flame-retarded mechanism of composites composed of ethylene vinyl acetate and layered double hydroxides containing transition metals (Mn Co, Cu, Zn). Appl Sci-Basel 6:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/app605013110.3390/app6050131 ↗
81. Kang NJ, Wang DY (2013) A green functional nanohybrid: preparation, characterization and properties of a beta-cyclodextrin based functional layered double hydroxide. J Mater Chem A 1:11376–11383. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta12304a10.1039/c3ta12304a ↗
82. Naderi Kalali E, Wang X, Wang DY (2016) Multifunctional intercalation in layered double hydroxide: toward multifunctional nanohybrids for epoxy resin. J Mater Chem A 4:2147–2157. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09482h10.1039/c5ta09482h ↗
83. Liu S, Yan H, Fang Z, Wang H (2014) Effect of graphene nanosheets on morphology, thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Compos Sci Technol 90:40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.10.01210.1016/j.compscitech.2013.10.012 ↗
84. Fu X, Yao C, Yang G (2015) Recent advances in graphene/polyamide 6 composites: a review. RSC Adv 5:61688–61702. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09312k10.1039/c5ra09312k ↗
85. Jing J, Zhang Y, Fang ZP, Wang DY (2018) Core-shell flame retardant/graphene oxide hybrid : a self-assembly strategy towards reducing fire hazard and improving toughness of polylactic acid. Compos Sci Technol 165:161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.06.02410.1016/j.compscitech.2018.06.024 ↗
86. Bao C, Song L, Wilkie CA, Yuan B, Guo Y, Hu Y, Gong X (2012) Graphite oxide, graphene, and metal-loaded graphene for fire safety applications of polystyrene. J Mater Chem 22:16399–16406. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm32500d10.1039/c2jm32500d ↗
87. Wang X, Song L, Yang H, Lu H, Hu Y (2011) Synergistic effect of graphene on antidripping and fire resistance of intumescent flame retardant poly(butylene succinate) composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 50:5376–5383. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie102566y10.1021/ie102566y ↗
88. Pan H, Lu Y, Song L, Zhang X, Hu Y (2016) Construction of layer-by-layer coating based on graphene oxide/beta-FeOOH nanorods and its synergistic effect on improving flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam. Compos Sci Technol 129:116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.04.01810.1016/j.compscitech.2016.04.018 ↗
89. Pan H, Lu Y, Song L, Zhang X, Hu Y (2016) Fabrication of binary hybrid-filled layer-by-layer coatings on flexible polyurethane foams and studies on their flame-retardant and thermal properties. RSC Adv 6:78286–78295. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03760g10.1039/c6ra03760g ↗
90. Pan H, Yu B, Wang W, Pan Y, Song L, Hu Y (2016) Comparative study of layer by layer assembled multilayer films based on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on flexible polyurethane foam: flame retardant and smoke suppression properties. RSC Adv 6:114304–114312. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15522g10.1039/c6ra15522g ↗
91. Maddalena L, Carosio F, Gomez J, Saracco G, Fina A (2018) Layer-by-layer assembly of efficient flame retardant coatings based on high aspect ratio graphene oxide and chitosan capable of preventing ignition of PU foam. Polym Degrad Stab 152:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.03.01310.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.03.013 ↗
92. Hong N, Song L, Hull TR, Stec AA, Wang B, Pan Y, Hu Y (2013) Facile preparation of graphene supported Co3O4 and NiO for reducing fire hazards of polyamide 6 composites. Mater Chem Phys 142:531–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.07.04810.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.07.048 ↗
93. Cao Y, Li G, Li X (2016) Graphene/layered double hydroxide nanocomposite: properties, synthesis, and applications. Chem Eng J 292:207–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.01.11410.1016/j.cej.2016.01.114 ↗
94. Feng Y, Li X, Zhao X, Ye Y, Zhou X, Liu H, Liu C, Xie X (2018) Synergetic improvement in thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of Epoxy/silver nanowires composites by incorporating “Branch-Like” flame-retardant functionalized graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:21628–21641. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b0522110.1021/acsami.8b05221 ↗
95. Liu S, Fang Z, Yan H, Wang H (2016) Superior flame retardancy of epoxy resin by the combined addition of graphene nanosheets and DOPO. RSC Adv 6:5288–5295. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25988f10.1039/c5ra25988f ↗
96. Sun F, Yu T, Hu C, Li Y (2016) Influence of functionalized graphene by grafted phosphorus containing flame retardant on the flammability of carbon fiber/epoxy resin (CF/ER) composite. Compos Sci Technol 136:76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.10.00210.1016/j.compscitech.2016.10.002 ↗
97. Feng Y, He C, Wen Y, Zhou X, Xie X, Ye Y, Mai YW (2018) Multi-functional interface tailoring for enhancing thermal conductivity, flame retardancy and dynamic mechanical property of epoxy/Al2O3 composites. Compos Sci Technol 160:42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.03.00910.1016/j.compscitech.2018.03.009 ↗
98. Feng Y, Hu J, Xue Y, He C, Zhou X, Xie X, Ye Y, Mai YW (2017) Simultaneous improvement in the flame resistance and thermal conductivity of epoxy/Al2O3 composites by incorporating polymeric flame retardant-functionalized grapheme. J Mater Chem A 5:13544–13556. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02934a10.1039/c7ta02934a ↗
99. Hu C, Xue J, Dong L, Jiang Y, Wang X, Qu L, Dai L (2016) Scalable preparation of multifunctional fire-retardant ultralight graphene foams. ACS Nano 10:1325–1332. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b0671010.1021/acsnano.5b06710 ↗
100. Zhang S, Tian Y, Gu X, Tang W, Sun J (2018) Improving the flame resistance and thermal conductivity of ethylene-vinyl acetate composites by incorporating hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene-modified graphite and carbon nanotubes. Polym Compos 39:E891–E901. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2430410.1002/pc.24304 ↗