Review Progress in Ostwald ripening theories and their applications to the γ′-precipitates in nickel-base superalloys Part II Nickel-base superalloys

The Lifshitz-Slyozof-Wagner (LSW) theory, which corresponds to a zero volume fraction approximation, was developed to model kinetics of precipitate growth from supersaturated solid solutions. The subsequent modifications of the LSW theory for the incorporations of various factors including volume fractions of precipitates to fit the experimental data from the coarsening precipitates were made by various workers during last twenty five years. The LSW theory and its modifications have been applied on the diffusion-controlled Ostwald ripening of the γ′ precipitate particles [Ni3(Al,Ti)] in nickel-based superalloys. The important Ostwald ripening theories were reviewed in the part I of this paper, and the coarsening characteristics of the γ′-precipitates in Ni-base high temperature superalloys are presented in detail in relation to these theories in the present part. A model developed by D. McLean can be used to predict the γ′ particle growth over service lifetimes in the case of relatively Al-rich nickel-base superalloys. Additional fundamental data (such as the precipitate-matrix interfacial energy, diffusivity of the component species of the particle, and the equilibrium solubility with a particle in nickel-based superalloys) can be obtained from experimental results for coarsening, if the concentration changes during coarsening can be measured precisely, using the methods developed by A. J. Ardell. Furthermore, the factors affecting the shape changes and splitting of the γ′ precipitate particles during the coarsening were also considered seperately since the classical Ostwald ripening theories can not explain the morphological changes.