journal article·2000-01

Hydration of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag

S. Song, D. Sohn, H. M. Jennings, T. O. Mason

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 35· Issue 1
Publisher page

Abstract

The hydration of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at 25 °C in controlled pH environments was investigated during 28 days of hydration. GGBFS was activated by NaOH, and it was found that the rate of reaction depends on the pH of the starting solution. The main product was identified as C-S-H, and, in the pastes with high pH, hydrotalcite was observed at later stages of hydration. The pH of the mixing solution should be higher than pH 11.5 to effectively activate the hydration of GGBFS. As deduced from very low electrical conductivity measurements, GGBFS pastes had very tortuous and disconnected pores. The effect of the pH of the aqueous solution on the composition, microstructure and properties of alkali-activated GGBFS pastes are also discussed.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production · Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (45)

Show source-provided references
1. ACI Committee 226, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, 226.1R. (1989) pp. 1–16.
2. H. Uchigawa, in Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Rio de Janeiro, 1986, Vol. 3, p. 249.
3. P. K. Mehta, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Confer-ence on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Tronheim, Norway, 1989, pp. 1–43.
4. T. Hakkinen, Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (1993) 407.10.1016/0008-8846(93)90106-J ↗
5. Idem., ibid. 23 (1993) p. 518.10.1016/0008-8846(93)90002-Q ↗
6. M. Regourd, J. H. Thomassin, P. Ballif, and J. C. Touray, ibid. 13 (1983) 549–556.10.1016/0008-8846(83)90014-5 ↗
7. B. Talling and J. Brandstetr, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Tronheim, Norway, 1989, p. 1519.
8. C. Qing-hua and S. L. Sarkar, Advanced. Cem. Bas. Mat. 1 (1994) 178.10.1016/1065-7355(94)90009-4 ↗
9. S. D. Wang, K. L. Scrivener and P. L. Pratt, Cem. Concr. Res. 24 (1994) 1033.10.1016/0008-8846(94)90026-4 ↗
10. W. J. Clarke and M. Helal, in Proceedings of the 1st In-ternational Conference on Alkaline Cements and Concretes, edited by P. V. Krivenko, Kiev, Ukraine, October 1994, p. 151.
11. W. J. Clarke and M. D. Boyd, in Proceedings of ACI International Conference, Singapore, 1994, edited by V. M. Malhotra (1994) p. 141.
12. Z. Huanhai, W. Xuequan, X. Zhongzi and T. Minghu, Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (1993) 1253.10.1016/0008-8846(93)90062-E ↗
13. S. Goto, K. Akazawa and M. Daimon, ibid. 22 (1992) 1216.10.1016/0008-8846(92)90050-6 ↗
14. S. D. Wang and K. Scrivener, ibid. 25 (1995) 561.10.1016/0008-8846(95)00045-E ↗
15. I. G. Richardson and G. W. Groves, J. Mater. Sci. 27 (1992) 6204.10.1007/BF01133772 ↗
16. S. D. Wang, Mag. Concr. Res. 43 (1991) 29.10.1680/macr.1991.43.154.29 ↗
17. V. D. Glukhovsky, G. S. Rostovskaya and G. V. Rumyay, in Proceedings of 7th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Paris, 1986, Vol. III, V164–V168.
18. S. A. Greenberg and T. N. Chang, J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 182.10.1021/j100885a027 ↗
19. H. M. Jennings, “The Developing Microstructure in Portland Cement” in “Advances in Cement Technology,” edited by S. N. Ghosh (Pergamon Press, New York, 1983).
20. H. F. W. Taylor et al., Mater. Const. (Paris) 17 (1984) 457–468.
21. E. P. Flint and L. A. Wells, J. Res. Nat'l, Bur. Stand. (US) 12 (1934) 751.10.6028/jres.012.060 ↗
22. P. S. Roller and G. Ervin, Jr., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 62 (1940) 461.10.1021/ja01860a001 ↗
23. S. A. Greenberg, T. N. Chang and E. Anderson, (1960) 1151.10.1021/j100838a012 ↗
24. K. G. McCurdy and H. N. Stein, Cem. Concr. Res. 3 (1973) 247.10.1016/0008-8846(73)90029-X ↗
25. Idem., ibid. 3 (1973) 509.10.1016/0008-8846(73)90090-2 ↗
26. A. R. Ramachandran and M. W. Grutzeck, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 76 (1993) 72.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03691.x ↗
27. G. L. Kalousek, J. Res. Nat'l, Bur. Stand. (US) 32 (1944) 285.10.6028/jres.032.015 ↗
28. K. Suzuki, T. Nishikawa, H. Ikenaga and S. Ito, Cem. Concr. Res. 16 (1986) 333.10.1016/0008-8846(86)90108-0 ↗
29. K. Suzuki, T. Nishikawa and S. Ito, Cem. Concr. Res. 15 (1985) 213.10.1016/0008-8846(85)90032-8 ↗
30. D. Macphee, K. Luck, F. P. Glasser and E. E. Lachowski, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 72 (1989) 646.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06189.x ↗
31. S. A. Greenberg and E. W. Price, J. Phys. Chem. 61 (1957) 1539.10.1021/j150557a019 ↗
32. K. Andersson et al., Cem. Concr. Res. 19 (1989) 327.10.1016/0008-8846(89)90022-7 ↗
33. H. F. W. Taylor, “Cement Chemistry” (Academic press, London, 1990) p. 282.
34. T. M. El-shamy, J. Lewins and R. W. Douglas, Glass Technol. 13 (1972) 81.
35. A. Paul, “Chemistry of Glasses” (Chapman and Hall, London and New York, 1982) p. 108.10.1007/978-94-009-5918-7 ↗
36. B. J. Christensen, “Microstructure Studies of Hydrating Portland Cement-Based Materials Using Impedance Spectroscopy,” PhD thesis, Northwestern University, 1993, pp. 103–115.
37. B. J. Christensen, R. T. Coverdale, R. A. Olson, S. J. Ford, E. J. Garboczi, H. M. Jennings and T. O. Mason, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 77 (1994) 2789.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04507.x ↗
38. R. S. Barneyback and S. Diamond, Cem. Concr. Res. 11 (1981) 279.10.1016/0008-8846(81)90069-7 ↗
39. S. Song and H. M. Jennings, Cem. Concr. Res. 29 (1999) 159.10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00212-9 ↗
40. D. C. Hughes, ibid. 18 (1988) 321.10.1016/0008-8846(88)90016-6 ↗
41. D. C. Hughes and N. L. Crossley, ibid. 24 (1994) 1255.10.1016/0008-8846(94)90110-4 ↗
42. E. J. Garboczi, ibid. 19 (1989) 327.10.1016/0008-8846(89)90022-7 ↗
43. H. M. Jennings, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 614.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1986.tb04818.x ↗
44. E. M. Gartner and H. M. Jennings, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987) 743.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1987.tb04874.x ↗
45. I. G. Richardson, A. R. Brough, G. W. Groves and C. M. Dobson, Cem. Concr. Res. 24 (1994) 819.10.1016/0008-8846(94)90002-7 ↗