A Self-Powered Two-Dimensional Acceleration Sensing Method Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Power Transmission Lines

Under the backdrop of severe weather conditions, such as low temperatures and strong winds in high-latitude winters, power transmission lines are prone to uneven icing. The galloping of the lines is exacerbated under the influence of icing and wind excitation, which can lead to damage such as insulator failure and broken strands. The vibration status of power transmission lines is a key parameter of line galloping, and the effective monitoring of its characteristics is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of power systems. In response to this challenge, this study proposes a self-powered two-dimensional frequency–acceleration sensing method based on triboelectric nanogenerators. A vibration frequency sensing model and an acceleration sensing model for the TDA-TENG (two-dimensional accelerometer based on a triboelectric nanogenerator) are established, a prototype of the self-powered two-dimensional frequency–acceleration sensor is fabricated, and experimental validation is conducted. The study shows that this method can effectively capture vibrations within a frequency range of 1–5 Hz with an error rate of only 3.274%, and it exhibits good durability and stability. In terms of acceleration sensing, the TDA-TENG can accurately detect vibration acceleration. These characteristics give TDA-TENG significant potential in the field of vibration monitoring. The research provides an idea for self-powered sensor technology for power transmission lines and has an important practical application value.