journal article·2026-07Open access

Effect of interlayer rotation angle on microstructure and compressive properties of LPBF Ti–Zr–Nb–Sn alloys

Zehuan Lin, Ying Zhou, Shungui Zuo, Junhua Du, Fei Xiao, Xuejun Jin

Abstract

This work investigates the influence of interlayer rotation angle on thermal-field stability, microstructural evolution and mechanical response in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-fabricated Ti-22Zr-3Nb-3Sn alloys. Reducing rotation angle stabilizes heat-flow direction and enhances melt-pool overlap, promoting sustained epitaxial β growth and strong <001>//BD texture. Localized thermal excursions at small angles activate multivariant β→α″ transformation, producing hierarchical martensitic networks, whereas large angles disrupt thermal inheritance, refine β grains and generate α″ laths. These microstructural differences give rise to a clear mechanical ranking (21° > 44° ≈ 90° > 67°), with the 21° condition delivering the best strength-ductility combination (1732 MPa, 16.7%). The study identifies interlayer rotation as a powerful process parameter for tailoring melt-pool geometry, variant selection and hierarchical microstructure in LPBF β-Ti alloys.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties · Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties · Shape Memory Alloy Transformations

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