journal article·2026-05Open access

Towards high-performance TiC-based ceramics: Optimization strategies and future perspectives

Qiang Zhang, Tianbin Zhu, Bing Meng, Xiong Liang, Heng Wang, Yawei Li, Shaobai Sang, Zhipeng Xie

Abstract

TiC-based ceramics, characterized by high hardness, excellent thermal stability and superior wear resistance, are considered highly promising for applications in high-speed cutting tools and wear-resistant components under extreme working conditions. However, challenges remain in achieving full densification, satisfactory fracture toughness, and optimal tribological properties, which currently limit their wider industrial applications. This review systematically addresses these key challenges and outlines corresponding strategies: (1) enhancing densification via the use of nano-sized powders, sintering additives, and advanced sintering techniques; (2) improving fracture toughness through particle dispersion, whisker reinforcement, carbon material incorporation, and synergistic toughening mechanisms; and (3) optimizing tribological properties by microstructural tailoring, enhancement of mechanical properties, and in-situ formation of lubricating friction films. Future prospects for the development of high-performance TiC-based ceramics are also discussed, with the aim of offering valuable insights for further material advancement and practical engineering applications.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced materials and composites · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Advanced ceramic materials synthesis

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