Flow softening and microstructural evolution of Fe microalloyed TC4 alloy in two-phase region during hot deformation
Source abstract
Abstract
The flow softening during hot deformation of titanium alloys is a key phenomenon. The flow softening and microstructural evolution in two-phase region during hot deformation of TC4-0.1Fe and TC4-0.3Fe alloys were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) serves as the main softening mechanism, and the TC4-0.3Fe alloy exhibits more pronounced flow softening. The two types of DRX, discontinuous DRX (DDRX) and continuous DRX (CDRX), were found, where DDRX was identified as the primary mechanism. Furthermore, the proportion of DRX grains of the TC4-0.3Fe alloy increased by 26% compared to TC4-0.1Fe, and the average geometrically necessary dislocation density (ρ GND ) value decreased from 2.92×10 14 /m 2 to 2.56×10 14 /m 2 . Schmid factor analysis revealed that the addition of Fe selectively promoted the activation of slip systems with high Schmid factors (>0.45) in both α phase (basal {0001} <11-20> and prismatic {10-10} <11-20>) and β phase ({112} <111>, {1-10} <111>, and {123} <111>). These findings may offer crucial insights into optimizing the thermomechanical processing of low-cost Fe microalloyed TC4 alloy for enhanced performance in various industrial applications, including aerospace and biomedical fields.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and mechanical properties · Metallurgy and Material Forming · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. A review on lightweight materials for defence applications: present and future developments10.1016/j.dt.2023.02.025 ↗
2. A state-of-the-art review of the fabrication and characteristics of titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications10.1007/s42242-021-00170-3 ↗
3. Titanium-based alloys and composites for orthopedic implants applications: a comprehensive review10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112850 ↗
4. High-strength titanium alloys for aerospace engineering applications: a review on melting-forging process10.1016/j.msea.2022.143260 ↗
5. Perspectives on titanium science and technology10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043 ↗
6. Multiple α sub-variants and anisotropic mechanical properties of an additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy10.1016/j.jmst.2020.06.039 ↗
7. Microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by low-power pulsed laser directed energy deposition10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.008 ↗
8. A review of powdered additive manufacturing techniques for Ti-6al-4v biomedical applications10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.010 ↗
9. Additive manufacturing of fine-grained high-strength titanium alloy via multi-eutectoid elements alloying10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110399 ↗
10. Composition design of a novel Ti-6Mo-3.5Cr-1Zr alloy with high-strength and ultrahigh-ductility10.1016/j.jmst.2022.03.040 ↗
11. Cold-rolled Ti-Al-V-Zr-Fe titanium alloy tubing with outstanding tensile properties10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167558 ↗
12. A study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy produced via laser powder bed fusion10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159329 ↗
13. Microstructural strengthening and toughening mechanisms in Fe-containing Ti-6Al-4V: a comparison between homogenization and aging treated states10.1016/j.jmst.2021.04.063 ↗
14. Microstructural strengthening and toughening mechanisms in Fe-containing Ti-6Al-4V: a comparison between homogenization and aging treated states10.1016/j.jmst.2021.04.063 ↗
15. Optimized low-cycle fatigue behavior and fracture characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V alloy by Fe microalloying10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.010 ↗
16. Improved fracture toughness by microalloying of Fe in Ti-6Al-4V10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108251 ↗
17. On the influence of the heat treatment on microstructure formation and mechanical properties of near-α Ti-Fe alloys10.1016/j.msea.2018.12.071 ↗
18. Characterization of superplasticity in Ti-5.5Al-1Fe alloys10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00286-3 ↗
19. Diffusion in the Ti–Al system10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00400-0 ↗
20. Influence of Fe on the microstructure, superplasticity and room-temperature mechanical properties of Ti–4Al–3Mo–1V-0.1 B alloy10.1016/j.msea.2022.143245 ↗
21. Simultaneously enhancing the hot workability and room-temperature strength of Ti-6Al-4V alloy via adding Mo and Fe10.1016/j.jmst.2023.04.054 ↗
22. Hot deformation and microstructural damage mechanisms in extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti-6Al-4V10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00173-2 ↗
23. Effect of preform microstructure on the hot working mechanisms in ELI grade Ti–6Al–4V: Transformed β V. Equiaxed (α+ β)10.1179/026708300101508171 ↗
24. Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the Cu-1.5 Ti-(0.5 Fe) alloys10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.208 ↗
25. Characterization of the microstructures and dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy through experiments and simulations10.1007/s11665-021-06044-0 ↗
26. Competition mechanism of dynamic recrystallization and recovery and microstructure evolution of TC4 alloy during warm deformation10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.200 ↗
27. Flow behaviors and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms study of TC4 under different temperatures and strain rates10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.046 ↗
28. Investigation of deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of a Ti-6Al-4V-0.5 Ni-0.5 Nb-0.05 Ru alloy, Mater
29. Dynamic recrystallization, phase transformation and deformation mechanisms of a novel Ti-43Al-6Nb-1Mo-1Cr alloy during the isothermal deformation10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112789 ↗
30. Accelerated flow softening and dynamic transformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in two-phase region during hot deformation via coarsening α grain10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.005 ↗
31. Modelling for the dynamic recrystallization evolution of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in two-phase temperature range and a wide strain rate range10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.10.009 ↗
32. Strain path dependent dynamic recrystallization and its resulted material flow and microstructure evolution of a titanium alloy10.1016/j.msea.2024.147122 ↗
33. Dynamic recrystallization behavior of a Mo-2.0% ZrO2 alloy during hot deformation10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105983 ↗
34. Dynamic recrystallization in a near β titanium alloy under different deformation modes–transition and correlation10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120148 ↗
35. Dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution of a novel near-α Ti-6Al-1Mo-2Zr-0.55 Fe-0.1 B alloy during hot compression10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.169 ↗
36. A review of dynamic recrystallization phenomena in metallic materials10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.012 ↗
37. Effect of shear deformation on microstructure and texture evolution in commercially pure titanium10.1080/14786435.2021.1919332 ↗
38. On the warm temperature strain accommodation mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4V alloy holding different starting microstructures10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.06.077 ↗
39. Compressive/Tensile deformation behavior and the correlated microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at warm temperatures10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.110 ↗
40. The influence of the recrystallization mechanisms and grain growth on the texture of a hot rolled AZ31 sheet during subsequent isochronal annealing10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.07.083 ↗
41. Distribution characteristics of In-Grain misorientation axes in cold-rolled commercially pure titanium and their correlation with active slip modes10.1007/s11661-010-0410-4 ↗
42. Activated slip systems in bimodal Ti–6Al–4V plastically deformed at low and moderately high temperatures10.1016/j.msea.2020.140211 ↗
43. Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the Cu-1.5Ti-(0.5Fe) alloys10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.208 ↗
44. Slip transfer and deformation structures resulting from the low cycle fatigue of near-alpha titanium alloy Ti-6242Si10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.09.012 ↗
45. Analysis of the different slip systems activated by tension in a α/β titanium alloy in relation with local crystallographic orientation10.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.040 ↗