Tailoring phase stability and mechanical properties in TiZrNb-based HEAs through elemental substitution

: This study investigates the microstructural and mechanical properties of three high-entropy alloys—TiZrNbCrV, TiZrNbFeCr, and TiZrNbFeV synthesized via mechanical alloying. The alloy powders were subsequently compacted under a pressure of 2000 MPa and sintered at 1150 °C for 1 h in an argon–hydrogen atmosphere.The produced alloys were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Vickers microhardness testing, and compressive strength measurements. Among the investigated compositions, TiZrNbCrV exhibited the highest compressive strength (1055 MPa), whereas TiZrNbFeCr showed the lowest fraction of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) and intermetallic phases. In contrast, TiZrNbFeV contained the highest proportion of minor phases and demonstrated the lowest mechanical efficiency. These results highlight the significant role of alloying elements and processing conditions in governing phase evolution and mechanical performance in high-entropy alloys (HEAs). These alloys are investigated as TiZrNb-based HEAs with compositional modifications aimed at tuning phase stability and mechanical behavior. Although Ti, Zr, and Nb are well-known biocompatible elements, this study does not evaluate biomedical performance.