journal article·2026-05Open access

Strengthening and toughening mechanism of medium-Mn austenite steel with staged TRIP and pre-strain control

Di Zhang, Chuanfeng Wang, Yang Song, Cheng Ma, Zhangguo Lin, Huilan Sun, Shufeng Yang, Lanjie Li, Bo Wang

Abstract

The microstructure evolution, reversed austenite stability, and fracture mechanism were studied in the multiphase austenite steel (Fe-0.2C–12Mn–3Al-2.0Cu-3.0Ni, wt.%) with the pre-strain control, targeting an improved strength–ductility synergy. The two-step intercritical annealing and pre-strain control effectively improves austenite stability, increases dislocation density, refines grain structure, and increases martensite fraction, and then leading to simultaneous enhancements in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and total elongation (TEL). The 10% pre-strain control results in UTS of 1341.4 MPa and uniform TEL of 18.7%. The overall improvements in mechanical properties are attributed primarily to the staged TRIP effect, synergized with dislocation strengthening and grain refinement. The staged transformation from austenite to martensite, strategically triggered by pre-strain control, enables a sustained work hardening capability.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels · Metal Forming Simulation Techniques · High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (33)

Show source-provided references
1. High strength-toughness combination of a low-carbon medium-manganese steel plate with laminated microstructure and retained austenite10.1016/j.msea.2017.09.059 ↗
2. Microstructure-mechanical property evaluation and deformation mechanism in Al added medium Mn steel processed through intercritical rolling and annealing10.1016/j.msea.2020.140100 ↗
3. Effect of intercritical annealing temperature on multiphase microstructure evolution in ultra-low carbon medium manganese steel10.1016/j.matchar.2021.110920 ↗
4. Influence of nano-scale concentration gradient of alloying elements on the ductility in an intercritically annealed and tempered medium Mn steel10.1016/j.msea.2021.141009 ↗
5. Effect of two-step intercritical annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled medium manganese TRIP steel containing δ-ferrite10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.063 ↗
6. Acta Materialia Atomic-scale understanding of twin intersection rotation and ε -martensite transformation in a high Mn twinning-induced plasticity steel10.1016/j.actamat.2024.119832 ↗
7. The significance of multi-step partitioning: Processing-structure-property relationship in governing high strength-high ductility combination in medium-manganese steels10.1016/j.actamat.2016.10.067 ↗
8. Superior strength-ductility combination achieved via double heterogeneities of microstructure and composition: an example of medium manganese steel10.1016/j.msea.2021.142443 ↗
9. Manganese controlled transformation and twinning of the nanoscale austenite in low-carbon-medium-Mn steel10.1016/j.msea.2021.142162 ↗
10. Effects of hot/cold deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra-low carbon medium manganese quenching-partitioning-tempering steels10.1016/j.actamat.2017.08.003 ↗
11. Suh · 2010 · vol. 41
12. High dislocation density-induced large ductility in deformed and partitioned steels10.1126/science.aan0177 ↗
13. Chemical boundary engineering: a new route toward lean, ultrastrong yet ductile steels10.1126/sciadv.aay1430 ↗
14. Improved work hardening of a medium carbon-TRIP steel by partial decomposition of retained austenite10.1016/j.msea.2020.140504 ↗
15. Optimizing strength & ductility combination of medium-carbon TRIP steel via multi-stage work hardening10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.03.181 ↗
16. Superior combination of strength and ductility in Fe–10Mn-0.6C steel trigged by austenite reversion transformation10.1016/j.msea.2024.146579 ↗
17. Hydrogen effects in prestrained transformation induced plasticity steel10.1007/s11661-011-1075-3 ↗
18. The significant impact of pre-strain on the structure-mechanical properties relationship in cold-rolled medium manganese TRIP steel10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.112 ↗
19. Influence of pre-strain on microstructural characteristics and tensile deformation behaviour of a cold-rolled Al-containing medium Mn steel10.1007/s10853-019-04337-3 ↗
20. Microstructure evolution and yield strength improvement of a low carbon medium manganese steel experienced intercritical annealing, pre-straining and tempering10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112439 ↗
21. Effect of tensile pre-strain on mechanical properties of austenitic 301 stainless steel10.1007/s11665-023-08832-2 ↗
22. Deformation mechanisms of a novel Mn-based 1 GPa TRIP/TWIP assisted lightweight steel with 63% ductility
23. Unravelling the physics of size-dependent dislocation-mediated plasticity10.1038/ncomms6926 ↗
24. Deformation mechanism of ω-enriched ti-nb-based gum metal: dislocation channeling and deformation induced ω-β transformation10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.047 ↗
25. The Hall–Petch and inverse Hall–Petch relations and the hardness of nanocrystalline metals10.1007/s10853-019-04160-w ↗
26. Hall-Petch relationship in Mg alloys: a review10.1016/j.jmst.2017.07.022 ↗
27. Construction and regulation of heterogeneous structure in medium Mn steel with critical annealing − quenching and partitioning process10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113941 ↗
28. Effect of hot rolling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-low carbon medium manganese steel10.1016/j.msea.2018.06.020 ↗
29. Materials Science & Engineering A improving mechanical properties and retained-austenite stability of a medium carbon Q & P steel by adjusting phase ratio10.1016/j.msea.2021.142580 ↗
30. Materials Science & Engineering A simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in a medium carbon low-alloy steel induced by secondary martensite and Cu-rich particles10.1016/j.msea.2023.144791 ↗
31. Recrystallization mechanism and texture evolution of medium manganese steel during cyclic heating10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.033 ↗
32. Effect of austenite stability on toughness, ductility, and work-hardening of medium-Mn steel10.1080/02670836.2018.1522088 ↗
33. Competing deformation mechanisms in an austenite-ferrite medium-Mn steel at different strain rates10.1016/j.msea.2021.141357 ↗