A comparative study on the preparation of 316L stainless steel via additive manufacturing and vacuum arc melting
Source abstract
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers unique capabilities for producing high-performance alloys with refined microstructures. Here, 316L stainless steels fabricated by AM and conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM) were systematically compared in terms of microstructure, defects, and mechanical response. The AM steel exhibited a 49% increase in hardness and a 29% improvement in ultimate tensile strength relative to the VAM steel, while its defect volume fraction was reduced to one-third. Both processing routes generated Si–Mn–O inclusions; however, the AM material uniquely contained a high density of nanoscale second-phase particles that contributed to strengthening. Thermodynamic modeling (FactSage) and molten pool simulations (ProCAST) revealed the role of rapid solidification and thermal gradients in promoting nanoscale precipitation and defect mitigation in AM. These findings demonstrate that AM not only tailors defect characteristics but also enables microstructural refinement, thereby offering a pathway to superior mechanical performance compared with conventional melting techniques.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Vacuum and Plasma Arcs · Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. Process structure property relationships for 316L stainless steel fabricated by additive manufacturing and its implication for component engineering10.1007/s11666-016-0480-y ↗
2. Fused filament fabrication, debinding and sintering as a low cost additive manufacturing method of 316L stainless steel
3. Flexural behavior of steel-precast concrete composite girder using UHPC shear pockets
4. Evaluation of RCC building performance with stainless steel hysd reinforcements replacing conventional HYDS steel
5. Evaluation of Rcc building performance with stainless steel hysd reinforcements replacing conventional hysd steel
6. Biocompatible zirconia-coated 316 stainless steel with anticorrosive behavior for biomedical application10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.213 ↗
7. Processing and mechanical properties of porous 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications10.1016/S1003-6326(07)60117-4 ↗
8. Effect of surface oxide properties on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00148-3 ↗
9. Pitting corrosion in 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: a review and perspective10.1007/s11837-022-05206-2 ↗
10. Corrosion inhibition of SS 316L by organic compounds: experimental, molecular dynamics, and conceptualization of molecules–surface bonding in H2SO4 solution10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155755 ↗
11. A Study to examine the effect of the phosphate coating process on adhesion and corrosion resistance in structural steels10.22399/ijcesen.715 ↗
12. Effect of temperature on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel: experimental study and modeling
13. A fatigue and creep study in austenitic stainless steel 316L used in exhaust pipes of naval gas turbines10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00783.x ↗
14. Additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel by electron beam melting for nuclear fusion applications10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.042 ↗
15. A general strategy for enhancing 3D printability of high laser reflectivity pure aluminum powder10.1007/s11661-019-05436-1 ↗
16. On the stress corrosion crack growth behaviour in high temperature water of 316L stainless steel made by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing10.1016/j.corsci.2017.09.017 ↗
17. Comparison of stainless steel 316L parts made by FDM and SLM based additive manufacturing processes10.1007/s11837-018-3207-3 ↗
18. Selective laser melting of Al–8.5 Fe–1.3 V–1.7 Si alloy: investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness10.1016/j.cja.2015.01.013 ↗
19. Microstructural and mechanical approaches of the selective laser melting process applied to a nickel-base superalloy10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.092 ↗
20. Additive manufacturing of oxide-dispersion strengthened alloys: materials, synthesis and manufacturing10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101049 ↗
21. Additive manufacturing of copper H13 tool steel bi-metallic structures via Ni-based multi-interlayer
22. Strong yet ductile refractory high entropy alloy fabricated via additive manufacturing
23. Additive manufacturing of AISI 316L stainless steel: a review
24. Comparison of different additive manufacturing methods for 316L stainless steel10.3390/ma14216504 ↗
25. Investigation of gamma shielding properties of some industrial materials10.22399/ijcesen.1357 ↗
26. The experimental enhancing of the radiation shield properties of some produced compounds
27. Synergistic evaluation of ionizing radiation shielding in novel lead-free alloys using Geant4 MC toolkit
28. Effect of build geometry on the microstructural development of 316L parts produced by additive manufacturing10.1016/j.matchar.2018.04.040 ↗
29. Control of texture and microstructure in additive manufacturing of stainless steel 316L10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.173040 ↗
30. Study on microstructure and in situ tensile deformation behavior of Fe-25Mn-xAl-8Ni-C alloy prepared by vacuum arc melting10.3390/met11050814 ↗
31. Metallographic investigation of the diffusion zone of 31CrMoV9 steel after gas nitriding10.22399/ijcesen.873 ↗
32. An adaptive design for cost, quality and productivity-oriented sustainable machining of stainless steel 316L10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.056 ↗
33. Application and validation of NSGA-II for designing batch production in mass customised steel industry
34. Generative artificial intelligence to optimize lifting lugs: weight reduction and sustainability in AISI 304 steel
35. Advances in vacuum arc melting for high entropy alloys: a review10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113314 ↗
36. Wire arc additive manufacturing of stainless steels: a review10.3390/app10051563 ↗
37. Effect of cooling rate on inclusions, primary carbides, and microstructure in rare-earth H13 steel10.1007/s11663-024-03207-x ↗
38. Comparative analysis of mechanical properties: conventional vs. additive manufacturing for stainless steel 316L10.3390/ma17194808 ↗
39. Elaboration of oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-14Cr stainless steel by selective laser melting10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.12.034 ↗
40. Microstructure and hardness response of novel 316L stainless steel composite with TiN addition fabricated by SLM10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106238 ↗
41. Formation of two distinct cellular structures in 316L stainless steel fabricated by micro-laser beam powder-bed-fusion10.1080/21663831.2023.2292076 ↗
42. Grain refinement of 316L stainless steel through in-situ alloying with Ti in additive manufacturing10.1016/j.msea.2022.142912 ↗
43. Quantitative multiscale correlative microstructure analysis of additive manufacturing of stainless steel 316L processed by selective laser melting10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110074 ↗
44. Vacuum melting of specialty steels10.1007/BF03355634 ↗
45. Synthesis of equiatomic CoCrFeMnTiNi multicomponent alloy by sequential alloying using mechanical alloying and vacuum arc melting10.1007/s11665-024-09193-0 ↗
46. Impact of defects in powder feedstock materials on microstructure of 304L and 316L stainless steel produced by additive manufacturing10.1007/s11661-018-4661-9 ↗
47. Effect of surface oxides on the melting and solidification of 316L stainless steel powder for additive manufacturing10.1007/s11661-021-06405-3 ↗
48. Oxide evolution during the solidification of 316L stainless steel from additive manufacturing powders with different oxygen contents10.1007/s11663-021-02191-w ↗
49. Assessment of ferritic ODS steels obtained by laser additive manufacturing10.3390/ma16062397 ↗
50. Investigation on the formation mechanism of composite inclusions by multi-scale characterization in high manganese steel with yttrium addition
51. Numerical analysis of temperature distribution of plasma arc with molten pool in plasma arc melting10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.03.014 ↗
52. A survey of finite element analysis of temperature and thermal stress fields in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
53. Numerical simulation and analysis of temperature field in micro-molten pool during solidification