Deciphering the microstructural and excellent property in electron beam wire-fed additive manufactured of β Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy

The Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy is extensively utilized in aerospace, biomedicine, and various other sectors owing to its exceptional processing characteristics and high-temperature resistance, nevertheless, conventional manufacturing methods often fall short in meeting the requirements or producing precise components, necessitating prompt resolution. This study focuses on the deposition of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy using electron beam wire-fed additive manufacturing and examines the impact of different electron beam current parameters on its microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. The findings revealed that employing a high electron beam current yielded an optimal strength-plasticity balance in the Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy, resulting in a tensile strength of 1049MPa and an elongation of 8.2%. During low electron beam additive manufacturing, a β→ω→α phase transformation occurs, which can be enhanced by increasing the electron beam current to promote the β→α phase transformation. The morphology of the α phase exhibits a combination of needle-like, V-shaped, and triangular cluster characteristics. Pre-stretching of alloys deposited at varying electron beam currents leads to the generation of stress-induced nano-twins, enhancing the plasticity of alloys. Nano-twins predominantly form within αlaths under low-density electron beam current conditions, while high electron beam current conditions facilitate the production of nano-twins outside α laths.