Crack initiation mechanism of carbide-free bainitic steel during impact loading
Source abstract
Abstract
Carbide-free bainitic (CFB) steel is widely utilized in industrial applications, notably as semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill liners, where they are subjected severe impact loading conditions during ore processing. A comprehensive understanding of the crack initiation mechanism under these extreme conditions is critical for enhancing the durability and safety of critical industrial components. This study investigates the crack initiation mechanism of CFB steels under impact loading, with a particular focus on the role of key microstructural features, namely bainite blocks and martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents. The findings reveal that stress concentration, induced by dislocation pile-up at boundary between M-A constituent and bainite block, triggers microcrack nucleation within the comparatively brittle M-A constituent. The propagation of these microcracks across bainite block boundaries is identified as the critical event governing the crack initiation process. It is demonstrated that the finer bainite blocks effectively enhance the resistance of the crack initiation, thereby improving the overall impact toughness of CFB steels. These findings provide fundamental theoretical insights and practical microstructural design principles for developing CFB steels with superior impact resistance in demanding industrial applications.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels · High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. Effect of composition on impact-wear behavior of alloyed liner steels in corrosive condition10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.031 ↗
2. SAG usage wear-resistant steel with rare retained austenite achieve trade-off between impact toughness and strength10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.236 ↗
3. Study on microstructures and properties of carbide-free and carbide-bearing bainitic steels10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.108 ↗
4. The fatigue properties, microstructural evolution and crack behaviors of low-carbon carbide-free bainitic steel during low-cycle fatigue10.1016/j.msea.2021.141571 ↗
5. Influence of retained austenite on abrasive wear performance of bainitic steels10.1016/j.wear.2023.204720 ↗
6. Design of cooling route for carbide-free bainitic rail steels and resultant microstructures and properties10.1016/j.msea.2023.145936 ↗
7. Roles of cooling rate of undercooled austenite on isothermal transformation kinetics, microstructure, and impact toughness of bainitic steel10.1016/j.msea.2023.144821 ↗
8. Unforeseen influence of the prior austenite grain size on the mechanical properties of a carbide-free bainitic steel10.1016/j.msea.2023.145388 ↗
9. Effect of tempering on the stability of retained austenite in carbide-free bainitic steel10.1016/j.msea.2022.143525 ↗
10. Effect of tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium carbon bainitic steel10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.044 ↗
11. Influence of austempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-carbon nanostructured bainitic steels10.1016/j.msea.2022.143334 ↗
12. Crystallographically programmed kirigami metamaterials10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105903 ↗
13. Dynamic gradient oxygen layer enables stable Sn anode for lithium storage
14. Hierarchical clustering-based collapse mode identification and design optimization of energy-dissipation braces inspired by the triangular resch pattern10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-12805 ↗
15. Microstructure evolution and fracture behaviour of TWIP steel under dynamic loading10.1016/j.msea.2022.143657 ↗
16. Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of additive manufactured 316L stainless steel under dynamic loading10.1016/j.msea.2022.143896 ↗
17. Dynamic mechanical behaviors of pearlitic U71MnG rail steel: deformation mechanisms and constitutive model10.1016/j.msea.2024.146353 ↗
18. Quasi-static and dynamic responses of advanced high strength steels: experiments and modeling
19. High-strain-rate deformation: Stress-induced phase transformation and nanostructures in a titanium alloy10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103707 ↗
20. Unraveling the fracture behavior of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy under impact loading10.1016/j.jmst.2024.06.040 ↗
21. Impact toughness of LPBF 316L stainless steel below room temperature10.1016/j.msea.2024.147189 ↗
22. Optimizing crack initiation energy in austenitic steel via controlled martensitic transformation10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.019 ↗
23. Influence of refined hierarchical martensitic microstructures on yield strength and impact toughness of ultra-high strength stainless steel10.1016/j.jmst.2020.04.001 ↗
24. Microstructural evolutions and impact toughness in simulated welding heat affected zones for a high-strength carbide-free bainitic rail steel10.1016/j.msea.2023.145325 ↗
25. Effect of tempering heat treatment on the microstructure and impact toughness of a Ni–Cr–Mo–V steel weld metal10.1016/j.msea.2022.143521 ↗
26. Study on the relationship between the microstructure characteristics, tensile properties and impact toughness of carbide-free bainitic steel10.1016/j.matchar.2024.113991 ↗
27. Multi-scale damage mechanism of hierarchically structured high-strength martensitic steels under shock loading10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.103945 ↗
28. Dynamic fracture toughness and crack propagation mechanism of a heterogeneous heterostructured material under combined strengthening mechanisms10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.110508 ↗
29. Effect of heat treatment on the impact toughness and brittle fracture initiation mechanism of a quenched and tempered nuclear pressure vessel steel10.1016/j.prostr.2022.12.112 ↗
30. Initiation of internal fatigue crack in a carbide-free bainitic steel during high cycle fatigue10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.03.196 ↗
31. Effect of undercooled austenite ausforming on the role of the M–A constituents in the CGHAZ toughness of the HSLA steels with bainite structure10.1016/j.msea.2021.142571 ↗
32. Role of bainitic microstructures with M-A constituent on the toughness of an HSLA steel for seismic resistant structural applications10.1016/j.msea.2020.140390 ↗
33. Micro-fracture behaviour induced by M-A constituent (Island Martensite) in simulated welding heat affected zone of HT80 high strength low alloyed steel10.1016/0001-6160(84)90234-7 ↗
34. Effect of retained austenite on impact toughness and fracture behavior of medium carbon submicron-structured bainitic steel10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.011 ↗
35. On the role of chemically heterogeneous austenite in cryogenic toughness of maraging steels manufactured via laser powder bed fusion10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120157 ↗
36. Chen · 2015
37. Fracture behavior at crack tip — a new framework for cleavage mechanism of steel10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00581-5 ↗
38. Further study on the mechanism of cleavage fracture at low temperatures10.1016/0956-7151(94)90067-1 ↗
39. Cleavage fracture in bainitic and martensitic microstructures10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00200-1 ↗
40. Elemental distribution in the martensite–austenite constituent in intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of a high-strength pipeline steel10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.06.017 ↗
41. Theory of dislocations10.1016/0502-8205(49)90004-0 ↗
42. Crystal plasticity FE modeling of Ti alloys for a range of strain-rates. Part II: Image-based model with experimental validation10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.09.003 ↗
43. In-situ investigation of plasticity in a Ti-Al-V-Fe (α+β) alloy: slip mechanisms, strain localization, and partitioning10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.103131 ↗
44. Cyclic plasticity and thermomechanical alleviation in titanium alloys10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102753 ↗
45. Compatibility of deformation in two-phase Ti-Al alloys: dependence on microstructure and orientation relationships10.1007/BF02670762 ↗
46. Bridging microstructure and crystallography with the micromechanics of cleavage fracture in a lamellar pearlitic steel10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116988 ↗
47. Crack initiation mechanisms of micro-textured Ti60 alloys with different dwell sensitivities subjected to fatigue and dwell fatigue loading10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.103986 ↗
48. The role of dwell hold on the dislocation mechanisms of fatigue in a near alpha titanium alloy10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102743 ↗
49. The formation of cracks as a result of plastic flow
50. Crack-tip plasticity mediated grain refinement and its resisting effect on the fatigue short crack growth10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104102 ↗
51. Dynamic deformation behaviors and mechanisms of CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119343 ↗
52. Micromechanism of cleavage fracture at the lower shelf transition temperatures of a C–Mn steel10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.063 ↗
53. Modelling cleavage fracture of bainitic steels10.1016/0956-7151(94)90031-0 ↗
54. On the relationship between critical tensile stress and fracture toughness in mild steel10.1016/0022-5096(73)90008-2 ↗
55. Quasi in-situ observations of microstructure evolution during low cycle fatigue in carbide-free bainitic steel10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107464 ↗
56. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids
57. Microstructure and mechanical properties of 18Mn3Si2CrMo steel subjected to austempering at different temperatures below Ms10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.067 ↗