Tailoring the microstructure and corrosion behavior of pure Ti treated by up-scaled ECAP
Source abstract
Abstract
In this investigation, we treated commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) using four- and eight-pass (4P and 8P, respectively) of up-scaled equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). Subsequently, the microstructure and electrochemical behavior of the treated and untreated CP-Ti samples in a 3.5% NaCl solution were observed. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed that the grain dimension is reduced to about 4 μm by ECAP. Further, the percentage of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and the number of dislocations in 4P are higher than those in 8P. In addition, the recrystallized proportion in 4P is lower than that in 8P. Moreover, the basal texture is stronger in 4P than in 8P. Polarization curves revealed that the corrosion current densities of both 4P and 8P decrease in comparison to the untreated sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests indicated that the corrosion property of CP-Ti in the 3.5% NaCl solution is improved by upscaling the ECAP, and 4P has the best anticorrosion properties. Calculations showed that a thicker protective film is developed on the surface of 4P in comparison with the virgin sample and 8P. The better corrosion resistance of 4P compared to that of 8P can be credited to the smaller grain size, greater proportion of LAGBs, and stronger basal texture.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and mechanical properties · Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties · Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (59)
Show source-provided references
1. Effect of ECAP on fracture toughness and fatigue endurance of DED-processed Ti-6Al-4V investigated on miniaturized specimens10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172167 ↗
2. Effect of ECAP processing on microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by directed energy deposition10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112622 ↗
3. Effect of low and high temperature ECAP modes on the microstructure, mechanical properties and functional fatigue behavior of ti-zr-nb alloy for biomedical applications10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.173147 ↗
4. Classification and applications of titanium and its alloys: a review
5. Nanostructured Titanium with ultrafine‐grained structure as advanced engineering material for biomedical application10.1002/adem.202400394 ↗
6. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) of biodegradable magnesium alloys and composites: a review of developments and prospects10.1016/j.jma.2021.11.006 ↗
7. Refinement mechanism of centimeter-grade coarse grains in as-cast Ti2AlNb-based alloy during multi-directional forging10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111508 ↗
8. Severe plastic deformation for producing superfunctional ultrafine-grained and heterostructured materials: an interdisciplinary review10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174667 ↗
9. Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation: review of historical developments and recent advances10.1080/21663831.2022.2029779 ↗
10. Enhanced strength and ductility of nano-grained titanium processed by two-step severe plastic deformation10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127485 ↗
11. Formative manufacturing of heterogeneous composite plates: a review10.1016/j.mattod.2025.04.002 ↗
12. Development and innovations in extrusion process of aluminum and magnesium alloys: a review10.1016/j.jmst.2025.08.019 ↗
13. Effect of ECAP temperature and deformation route on mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloys10.1016/j.jmst.2024.03.086 ↗
14. Microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy processed by ECAP-Conform and rotary swaging10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172351 ↗
15. Texture, elastic anisotropy and thermal stability of commercially pure titanium prepared by room temperature ECAP10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111678 ↗
16. Evolution of microstructure, macrotexture and mechanical properties of high strength biomedical TA4 pure titanium during multi-pass ECAP10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.12.273 ↗
17. The formation of a high-strength state in martensitic Ti Grade 4 by ECAP10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166205 ↗
18. Grain-refining and strengthening mechanisms of bulk ultrafine grained CP-Ti processed by L-ECAP and MDF10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.019 ↗
19. Achieving ultra-fine grains and high corrosion resistance of al–zn–mg–cu alloy by ECAP and post cold rolling10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.070 ↗
20. Microstructure and mechanical property of Mg–10Gd–2Y–1.5Zn–0.5Zr alloy processed by eight-pass equal-channel angular pressing10.1007/s12598-018-1022-1 ↗
21. Bulk ultrasonic treatment of magnesium and mg-zn-zr alloy subjected to ECAP10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.178632 ↗
22. Microstructural homogeneity, texture and corrosion properties of RE-doped 55Mg-35Pb-9.2Al-0.8B alloy fabricated via equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171607 ↗
23. Microstructure evolution and corrosion properties of ECAPed Mg–Pb-9.2Al-0.8B alloys10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.04.206 ↗
24. Effects of broken β-Mg17Al12 and non-uniform Mg2Pb particles introduced by EX-ECAP on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Pb-9.2Al-0.8B alloys10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.06.124 ↗
25. Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.02.003 ↗
26. The potential for scaling ECAP: effect of sample size on grain refinement and mechanical properties10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01339-9 ↗
27. Comparative effect of grain size and texture on the corrosion behaviour of commercially pure titanium processed by equal channel angular pressing10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.017 ↗
28. Electrochemical and cellular behavior of ultrafine-grained titanium in vitro10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.001 ↗
29. Effect of texture and grain size on bio-corrosion response of ultrafine-grained titanium10.1007/s11661-013-1910-9 ↗
30. Simultaneously improving mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of pure Ti by continuous ECAP plus short-duration annealing10.1016/j.matchar.2018.01.050 ↗
31. Corrosion behavior of pure titanium processed by rotary-die ECAP10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.047 ↗
32. Enhanced corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained pure titanium in simulated high-temperature seawater10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.032 ↗
33. Simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility of HCP titanium via multi-modal grain induced extra dislocation hardening10.1016/j.actamat.2023.118949 ↗
34. Effect of immersion time on the passive and electrochemical response of annealed and nano-grained commercial pure titanium in Ringer's physiological solution at 37 degrees C10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.057 ↗
35. The role of grain refinement and film formation potential on the electrochemical behavior of commercial pure titanium in Hank's physiological solution10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.072 ↗
36. Electrochemical corrosion characteristics and biocompatibility of nanostructured titanium for implants10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.168 ↗
37. Enhancement of the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline titanium by low-temperature annealing10.1016/j.corsci.2018.11.016 ↗
38. Corrosion behavior of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr and commercially pure Ti under simulated inflammatory conditions – comparative effect of grain refinement and non-toxic β phase stabilizers10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.138 ↗
39. Corrosion behaviour of biomedical Ti under simulated inflammation: exploring the relevance of grain refinement and crystallographic texture10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110238 ↗
40. Tailoring mechanical and surface properties of UFG CP-Ti by the low-temperature annealing10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155038 ↗
41. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of thermally grown oxides exhibiting constant phase element behaviour10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.054 ↗
42. Determination of effective capacitance and film thickness from constant-phase-element parameters10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.065 ↗
43. Controlling the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of biomedical TiZrNb alloys by combining recrystallization and spinodal decomposition10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.034 ↗
44. Role of nanostructure in electrochemical corrosion and high temperature oxidation: a review10.1007/s11661-014-2452-5 ↗
45. Revealing the relationship between grain size and corrosion rate of metals10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.035 ↗
46. Corrosion of Ultrafine grained materials by severe plastic deformation, an overview10.2320/matertrans.M2015452 ↗
47. Corrosion resistance of ultra fine-grained Ti10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.04.011 ↗
48. Corrosion behaviour of ultra fine grained titanium in simulated body fluid
49. Annealing effects on the corrosion resistance of ultrafine-grained pure titanium10.1016/j.corsci.2014.08.017 ↗
50. Residual stress, fatigue behavior, and mechanical properties of equal-channel angular pressed commercial pure titanium10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.12.265 ↗
51. Effects of compressive stress on localized corrosion in AA2024-T310.1016/j.corsci.2005.12.003 ↗
52. Chromium partitioning induced evolution of texture, grain boundary constitution, and corrosion behavior of Cu Cr coatings electrodeposited at different temperatures10.1016/j.matchar.2024.113786 ↗
53. Explore the corrosion behavior of al-mg-si-cu alloy with various microstructure characteristics through controlling Zener-Hollomon parameter10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114390 ↗
54. Effect of ferrite and grain boundary characteristics on corrosion properties of thermal simulated 316 L heat affected zone10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111384 ↗
55. Grain boundary structures and their correlation with intergranular corrosion in an extruded al-mg-si-cu alloy10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110695 ↗
56. Anomalous evolution of corrosion behaviour of warm-rolled type 304 austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.corsci.2019.04.025 ↗
57. Effect of annealing temperature on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of extruded Al-Mg alloy
58. Effects of dynamic recrystallization and strain-induced dynamic precipitation on the corrosion behavior of partially recrystallized Mg–9Al–1Zn alloys10.1016/j.jma.2020.09.005 ↗
59. Corrosion behaviour of AA6082 al-mg-si alloy extrusion: Recrystallized and non-recrystallized structures10.1016/j.corsci.2018.08.047 ↗