journal article·2025-07Open access

Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in NiGaCr polycrystalline alloys

J.J. Ruan, J.S. Yan, H.C. Sun, S. Yang, L.L. Zhu, X.Y. Yi, H. Zhang, Liang Jiang, N. Ueshima, K. Oikawa

Abstract

Body-centered cubic (BCC)-derived ordered alloys show a potential utilization as SME alloys. Two kinds of B2-based alloys, Ni 50-x Ga 50-x Cr 2x (x=0-6, ENG group) and Ni 50-x (Ni 15-0.3x Ga 35-0.7x )Cr 2x (x=0-6, NENG group), were designed based on the Ni-Ga-Cr ternary phase diagram and the related composition-dependent VEC (valence electron concentration) diagram. The microstructure, crystal structure, and phase transformation of the NiGaCr alloys were systematically investigated through FE-SEM (field-emission scanning electron microscopy), FIB (focused-ion-beam) tomography, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Martensitic microstructures were observed in the Ni-rich NENG group rather than the ENG group. In Cr-free alloy (NENG0), single-stage , martensitic phase transformation accompanied by brittle fracture behavior was observed. Contrastingly, Cr-containing alloys (NENG4, NENG8, NENG12) demonstrated a two-step martensitic transformation ( ) and enabled successful fabrication of polycrystalline strips suitable for shape memory effect (SME) evaluation. The martensitic transformation temperature (Ms) was found to correlate positively with the VEC value. The ω phase was found to precipitate within the B2 matrix in NENG4, NENG8, and NENG12 alloys, impeding the martensitic transformation. Additionally, the microstructural characterization revealed a ∼20 nm-scale metastable chromium-enriched phase in the NENG12 alloy. This work establishes the first experimental evidence of temperature-induced shape recovery in NiGaCr alloys, elucidating the chemical composition design for SME alloy using the VEC rule.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Shape Memory Alloy Transformations

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