journal article·2026-03Open access

Investigation of 316L stainless steel sandwich honeycomb structure subjected to near-field blast loading

Jingbo Huang, Xiaoshuai Li, Xingran Zheng, Liangjun Ma, Yangwei Wang, Pengwan Chen, Jing Xie

Abstract

This study investigates the near-field blast resistance of 316L stainless steel honeycomb sandwich structures (HSS) manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM), with a PVC foam-filled honeycomb sandwich structure (FHSS) designed for improved performance. Near-field blast experiments were carried out on specimens at a scaled distance of 0.1315 m/kg 1 / 3 . A numerical model using the S-ALE algorithm in LS-DYNA was developed to simulate the dynamic response and plastic energy distribution. Under blast loading, trident-shaped cracks appear on the front face sheets of both FHSS and HSS, with shorter cracks in FHSS. The numerical model accurately reproduces the deformation, core buckling and crack initiation observed in experiments. SEM reveals distinct melting morphologies on fracture surfaces induced by the explosion fireball. The back-face deflection of FHSS is 15.6 mm, versus 17.5 mm for HSS and 18.1 mm for the solid plate with equal areal density, confirming its superior blast resistance. The numerical-experimental errors are all below 3%. The core layer dominates energy absorption, with that of FHSS contributing 56.5% of the total plastic deformation energy. Foam filling effectively enhances the blast resistance of SLM-fabricated HSS.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Cellular and Composite Structures · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Structural Response to Dynamic Loads

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (69)

Show source-provided references
1. Improvised explosive devices: pathophysiology, injury profiles and current medical management10.1136/jramc-155-04-05 ↗
2. Pelvic, spinal and extremity wounds among combat-specific personnel serving in Iraq and Afghanistan (2003-2011): a new paradigm in military musculoskeletal medicine10.1016/j.injury.2013.08.001 ↗
3. Research and development review of military vehicle bottom protection
4. Injury and protection of vehicles and personnel under explosive impact load
5. The art of writing a scientific article
6. Marshall · 1982 · 557
7. Numerical analysis of cladding sandwich panels with tubular cores subjected to uniform blast load
8. Explorations of hybrid sandwich panel concepts for projectile impact mitigation10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04501.x ↗
9. Elastically isotropic truss-plate-hybrid hierarchical microlattices with enhanced modulus and strength
10. Multifunctional periodic cellular metals10.1098/rsta.2005.1697 ↗
11. On effective mechanical properties of an orthogonal corrugated sandwich structure
12. Anti-blast and -impact performances of auxetic structures: a review of structures, materials, methods, and fabrications
13. The effects of foam filling on the dynamic response of metallic corrugated core sandwich panel under air blast loading – experimental investigations10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.07.030 ↗
14. Anti-blast performance of 3D-printed sandwich panels with auxetic hexagonal and regular hexagonal honeycomb cores10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114996 ↗
15. High velocity impact on composite sandwich panels with nano-reinforced syntactic foam core10.1016/j.tws.2019.106599 ↗
16. Numerical studies on failure mechanisms of all-composite sandwich structure with honeycomb core under compression and impact loading conditions10.3390/polym14194047 ↗
17. The effect of stand-off distance on the failure of fully clamped circular mild steel plates subjected to blast loads10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.01.021 ↗
18. Zhang · 2022 · vol. 42 · 557
19. Advanced honeycomb designs for improving mechanical properties: a review
20. Dynamic characteristics and effective stiffness properties of sandwich panels with hierarchical hexagonal honeycomb10.3390/ma16175741 ↗
21. On the quasi-static and impact responses of aluminum honeycomb under combined shear-compression10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.05.005 ↗
22. Dynamic response of sandwich panels with multi-layered aluminum foam/UHMWPE laminate cores under air blast loading10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103475 ↗
23. Ammunition storage reliability analysis based on accelerated life testing[C]
24. Finite element analysis (FEA) of frictional contact phenomenon on vehicle braking system10.1080/15397734.2020.1787843 ↗
25. A thermomechanical model for the analysis of disc brake using the finite element method in frictional contact10.1080/01495739.2019.1683482 ↗
26. Dynamic responses of ultralight all-metallic honeycomb sandwich panels under fully confined blast loading10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116791 ↗
27. Experimental study on the synergetic damage of sandwich panel with armored hybrid core under combined blast and fragment loading10.1016/j.tws.2024.111814 ↗
28. Influence of connection mode on blast resistance of honeycomb sandwich structures
29. Additive manufacturing of AA5083/TiN-Diamond hybrid nanocomposite parts via additive friction stir deposition: metallurgical structure, mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical properties10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.05.158 ↗
30. Additive friction stir deposition of AA5083/MoS2-diamond hybrid nanocomposites: investigating their metallurgical, mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical characteristics, and process-structure-property relationships10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.178553 ↗
31. Microstructure, corrosion, and tribological performance of multilayered cylindrical AA5083 parts fabricated by modified friction stir deposition – additive manufacturing10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114777 ↗
32. Texture study of Ti64xCryNi alloys developed by μ-plasma additive manufacturing process10.1016/j.matlet.2024.136552 ↗
33. Microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti6Al4VxCryNi alloy10.1016/j.cirpj.2024.07.001 ↗
34. Optimizing structural ordering degree to improve the mechanical reliability of metallic glasses10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.024 ↗
35. Controllable additive manufacturing of gradient bulk metallic glass composite with high strength and tensile ductility
36. The effect of core configurations on the energy-absorbing behaviour of all-composite sandwich structures10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108821 ↗
37. Effect of fillers on compression loading performance of modified re-entrant honeycomb auxetic sandwich structures10.1177/03093247221083210 ↗
38. Dynamic response of graded PVC foam sandwich panel under air blast loads10.1080/15376494.2021.1909190 ↗
39. Experimental and numerical analysis of dynamic response of graded PVC foam sandwich panel under impact load10.1080/15376494.2021.1959685 ↗
40. Mechanical characteristics and foam filling enhancement mechanism of polymeric periodic hybrid structures under uniaxial compression10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111762 ↗
41. Experimental study on the dynamic response of foam-filled corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.038 ↗
42. The initiation and propagation mechanism of the overlapping zone cracking during laser solid forming of IN-738LC superalloy10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.366 ↗
43. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L steel synthesized by selective laser melting10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.110 ↗
44. Characterization of the effects of internal pores on tensile properties of additively manufactured austenitic stainless steel 316L10.1007/s11340-018-00465-0 ↗
45. Ballistic performance of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel spherical fragments
46. Henrych · 1979
47. Shin · 2014
48. Incident and normally reflected overpressure and impulse for detonations of spherical high explosives in free air10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001305 ↗
49. A novel measurement strategy for explosion temperature field towards enhancing the fire process safety10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104118 ↗
50. Kingery · 1966
51. Kingery · 1984
52. Effect of charge shape and initiation configuration of explosive cylinders detonating in free air on blast-resistant design10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002694 ↗
53. Definition of scaled distance of close-in explosion and blast load calculation model
54. Crushing behavior of a thin-walled circular tube with internal gradient grooves fabricated by SLM 3D printing10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.004 ↗
55. Bevan · 2017 · 577
56. Quasi-static and dynamic tensile behaviour of 316L stainless steels: rolled versus laser-powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated samples10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.104972 ↗
57. Prediction of residual stress distributions due to surface machining and welding and crack growth simulation under residual stress distribution10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.01.018 ↗
58. Numerical analysis of the effect of weld-induced residual stress and plastic damage on the ballistic performance of welded steel plate10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.02.009 ↗
59. The influence of Johnson-Cook material constants on finite element simulation of machining of AISI 316L steel10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.06.006 ↗
60. Impact and blast resistance of uniform and graded sandwich panels with TPMS cellular structures
61. Dynamic impact and blast behaviors of biomechanically inspired Victoria cruziana vein sandwich plate with variable structural geometries10.1007/s10999-025-09782-4 ↗
62. Dynamic response of gradient aluminum foam sandwich tubes under external explosive loads10.3390/ma17184501 ↗
63. On the numerical modelling and analysis of multi-directional functionally graded composite structures: a review10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111837 ↗
64. Key measures for developing structure-function integrated ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): hierarchical modification network of multi-scale fillers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143626 ↗
65. In-plane impact response of multi-stage hierarchical gradient honeycomb structures
66. Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-cored sandwich panels10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.04.043 ↗
67. Investigation of blast effects on double-skinned composite steel tubular columns10.1260/2041-4196.6.3.403 ↗
68. Factors governing dynamic response of steel-foam ceramic protected RC slabs under blast loads
69. Compressive strain at the onset of densification of cellular solids10.1177/0021955X06063519 ↗