Effect of austenitizing time on hydrogen embrittlement resistance of a 2.0 GPa grade hot-stamping steel
Source abstract
Abstract
Hot-stamping steel has become a core material for automotive lightweighting and safety enhancement due to its excellent strength and safety characteristics. However, the problem of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) seriously restricts its development and application. This work systematically investigated the influence of different holding times (100 s, 180 s, 300 s) at 930 °C austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and properties of a 2.0 GPa grade hot-stamping steel. The results indicated that prolonging the holding time led to an increase in prior-austenite grain size from 3.97 μm to 4.6 μm, coarsening of (Ti, Nb, Mo)C precipitates, dissolution of Cu-rich phases, and a significant decrease in dislocation density. Consequently, the ultimate tensile strength decreased from 2020 MPa (100 s) to 1902 MPa (300 s). Slow strain rate tensile tests revealed that the susceptibility to HE increased with extended holding time. After charging at a current density of only 1 mA/cm 2 , the longer austenitizing time resulted in grain coarsening and a reduction in beneficial hydrogen traps, such as dislocations and fine particles. This facilitated greater hydrogen accumulation at grain boundaries, causing the fibrous zone of the 300 s held specimen to exhibit intergranular fracture characteristics. This study clarifies the significant impact of austenitizing time on material properties and provides an important basis for optimizing hot-stamping processes to enhance HE resistance while maintaining high strength.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms · Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Research on hot metal gas forming characteristics of 1.5gpa ultra-high strength steel and lightweight of torsion beam,2024
2. Effect of heat treatment temperature on microstructure evolution of aluminum silicon coating on hot-formed steel,2024
3. Microstructural control and alloy design for improving the resistance to delayed fracture of ultrahigh-strength automotive steel sheets10.3390/met13081368 ↗
4. A scalable deep q-learning approach for hot stamping process under dynamic control environment10.1080/00207543.2024.2411377 ↗
5. Review of hydrogen embrittlement in metals: hydrogen diffusion, hydrogen characterization, hydrogen embrittlement mechanism and prevention10.1007/s40195-020-01039-7 ↗
6. Alloy optimization for reducing delayed fracture sensitivity of 2000 mpa press hardening steel10.3390/met10070853 ↗
7. Hydrogen embrittlement studies of hot-stamped boron steel with different prior austenite grain sizes10.1007/s10853-023-09181-0 ↗
8. Effects of thermomechanical processing on hydrogen embrittlement properties of ultrahigh-strength trip-aided bainitic ferrite steels10.3390/met12020269 ↗
9. Evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of nb-v alloyed ultra-high strength hot stamping steel in austenitizing process10.3390/ma15228197 ↗
10. Effects of hot stamping and tempering on hydrogen embrittlement of a low-carbon boron-alloyed steel10.3390/ma11122507 ↗
11. Enhancements on strength of body structure due to bake hardening effect on hot stamping steel10.1007/s00170-018-2542-4 ↗
12. Effect of microstructure and alloy chemistry on hydrogen embrittlement of precipitation-hardened ni-based alloys10.1007/s11661-018-4483-9 ↗
13. Hydrogen diffusivity in different microstructures of 42crmo4 steel10.3390/hydrogen2040023 ↗
14. Optimizing the hydrogen embrittlement resistance by tuning the structures of cu-rich nanoprecipitates in high strength martensite stainless steels10.1016/j.actamat.2023.118722 ↗
15. Effect of vanadium content on hydrogen embrittlement of 1400 mpa grade high strength bolt steels10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.060 ↗
16. Microstructures and properties of auto-tempering ultra-high strength automotive steel under different thermal-processing conditions10.3390/met11071121 ↗
17. Effect of cu on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel10.3390/ma15248849 ↗
18. Effects of austenitizing conditions on the microstructure of aisi m42 high-speed steel10.3390/met7010027 ↗
19. Effects of severe plastic deformation on transformation kinetics of precipitates in cuni3si1mg10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.099 ↗
20. Coherent precipitation and strengthening in compositionally complex alloys: a review10.3390/e20110878 ↗
21. Effects of different austenitising conditions on the strength–ductility balance in a high-strength low-alloy steel10.3390/met14080850 ↗
22. Austenite grain growth and precipitate evolution in a carburizing steel with combined niobium and molybdenum additions10.1007/s11661-015-3103-1 ↗
23. Strengthening via grain refinement in lath martensite on low carbon fe–18ni alloys10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2022-036 ↗
24. Effect of prior austenite grain size on the morphology and mechanical properties of martensite in medium carbon steel10.1016/S1005-0302(12)60083-8 ↗
25. Primary creep regeneration in 10%cr martensitic steel: In-situ and ex-situ microstructure studies
26. Martensite tempering kinetics: effects of dislocation density and heating rates10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110564 ↗
27. Effect of prior austenite grain size refinement by thermal cycling on the microstructural features of as-quenched lath martensite10.1007/s11661-016-3525-4 ↗
28. Prior austenite grain size and tempering effects on the dislocation density of low-c nb–ti microalloyed lath martensite10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.05.036 ↗
29. Heterogeneous materials: a new class of materials with unprecedented mechanical properties10.1080/21663831.2017.1343208 ↗
30. 3d structural and atomic-scale analysis of lath martensite: effect of the transformation sequence10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.023 ↗
31. Strengthening mechanisms of nb and v microalloying high strength hot-stamped steel10.1016/j.msea.2020.140115 ↗
32. Investigation of test parameters on ebsd analysis of retained austenite in trip and pipeline steels10.3390/met9010094 ↗
33. Effects of carbon content and austenite grain size on retained austenite fraction in stir zone of friction stir welded 6%ni carbon steels10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2022-166 ↗
34. The role of the austenite grain size in the martensitic transformation in low carbon steels
35. The contribution of retained martensite to the high yield strength and sustainable strain hardening of a hierarchical metastable austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.msea.2023.144681 ↗
36. Mechanical behavior and stability of dispersed retained austenite in thermomechanically rolled and isothermally-treated trip-aided multiphase steel10.1016/j.msea.2021.142300 ↗
37. Effect of grain size on the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of Api 2w grade 60 steels using in situ slow-strain-rate testing10.1016/j.corsci.2017.08.032 ↗
38. Design considerations for hydrogen embrittlement resistance: the influence of dislocation density and substructures on hydrogen-assisted cracking in high-mn twip steel
39. Hydrogen embrittlement in ferritic steels10.1063/5.0012851 ↗
40. Hydrogen trapping in precipitates of high-strength steel: insights into various coherent and stress conditions10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.373 ↗
41. Hydrogen trapping in alloys studied by thermal desorption spectrometry10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.066 ↗
42. Change in hydrogen trapping characteristics and influence on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity in a medium-carbon, high-strength steel: the effects of heat treatments10.3390/ma17081854 ↗
43. An interplay between a hydrogen atmosphere and dislocation characteristics in bcc fe from time-averaged molecular dynamics10.1039/D2CP05024B ↗
44. Synergistic hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength steels10.1073/pnas.2501850122 ↗
45. Hydrogen embrittlement as a conspicuous material challenge─comprehensive review and future directions10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00624 ↗
46. Dislocation-density based crystal plasticity model with hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity in polycrystalline face-centered cubic metals10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103472 ↗
47. Influence of stacking fault energy and hydrogen on deformation mechanisms in high mn austenitic steels during in-situ tensile testing10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.023 ↗
48. The role of retained austenite in hydrogen embrittlement of supermartensitic stainless steel10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.07.025 ↗