journal article·2025-07Open access

Fracture and wear behavior of high-chromium cast iron obtained from industrial waste and reinforced with alumina particles

Kamil Bochenek, Ivo Dlouhy, Witold Węglewski, Marcin Chmielewski, Roman Stepanek, Jan Cupera, Katarzyna Pietrzak, Tomasz Chmielewski, Radosław Morek, Michał Basista

Abstract

In response to the specific requirements of the grinding mill industry, a new composite material for mill crushing parts has been developed. This innovative material, which is both cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, is manufactured from industrial waste of high-chromium cast iron (HCCI) reinforced with aluminum oxide (electrocorundum) particles. The HCCI shavings were crushed, sieved, and milled with the addition of 20 wt% of electrocorundum. The HCCI+20 %Al 2 O 3 powder mixture was consolidated through the process of hot pressing. By optimizing the process conditions, a composite material was obtained with a remarkably high relative density of 99.84 %. Fracture toughness under quasistatic and dynamic loading conditions as well as wear resistance of the HCCI/Al 2 O 3 composite samples, were the main material properties investigated in accordance with the intended application. The wear test program included the ball-on-disc test, the linear abrasive test, and the abrasive blasting test. The base HCCI alloy and the HCCI reinforced with uncoated zirconia toughened alumina were used as reference materials. The results from the Taber linear abrasive test and the abrasive blasting test demonstrated the superior wear resistance of the HCCI/Al 2 O 3 composite over the reference materials. However, in the ball-on-disc test, the HCCI/Al 2 O 3 composite exhibited a higher degree of wear compared to the reference materials. This effect was found to be attributable to a specific microstructure of the reinforcing phase. The HCCI/Al 2 O 3 composite shows promise for industrial applications. However, the hot pressing step requires scaling up to industrial pressing facilities to obtain reasonably sized samples for use in grinding mills.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal Alloys Wear and Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Advanced materials and composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (41)

Show source-provided references
1. Exploring the hardness-independent wear behavior of typical wear-resistant materials under dynamic and static conditions10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.11.083 ↗
2. Review on vertical roller mill in cement industry & its performance parameters10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.916 ↗
3. Global energy consumption due to friction and wear in the mining industry10.1016/j.triboint.2017.05.010 ↗
4. Effect of wear on rolling contact fatigue crack growth in rails10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.035 ↗
5. Wear mechanism of Ni-Hard4 rollers in chromite ore crushing10.1016/0043-1648(94)90225-9 ↗
6. Wear mechanism of abrasion resistant wear parts in raw material vertical roller mills10.1016/j.wear.2011.03.018 ↗
7. Effects of vanadium addition on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of Ni-Hard4 white cast iron10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.043 ↗
8. An overview on types of white cast irons and high chromium white cast irons
9. Microstructure and mechanical properties of composite strengthened high-chromium cast iron by laser quenching and laser shock peening10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.148 ↗
10. Processing and properties of particulate reinforced steel matrix composites10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00710-7 ↗
11. Wear by hard particles10.1016/S0301-679X(98)00079-6 ↗
12. Three-body abrasive wear resistance of iron matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles10.1177/1350650113496700 ↗
13. Dry three-body abrasive wear behavior of WC reinforced iron matrix surface composites produced by V-EPC infiltration casting process10.1016/j.wear.2006.07.009 ↗
14. Wettability and interaction mechanism for Ni-modified ZTA particles reinforced iron matrix composites10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.342 ↗
15. Comparison of properties and impact abrasive wear performance of ZrO2-Al2O3/Fe composite prepared by pressure casting and infiltration casting process10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105979 ↗
16. Formation mechanism of interface layer of ZTA particle reinforced iron matrix composite10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.016 ↗
17. Preparation of Ni-encapsulated ZTA particles as precursors to reinforce iron-based composites10.1002/adem.201700268 ↗
18. Activated pressureless infiltration of metal-matrix composites with graded activator content10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.06.016 ↗
19. Experimental models for activation mechanism of pressureless infiltration in the non-wetting steel-alumina MMC-system10.1002/adem.200700342 ↗
20. Interfacial bonding and abrasive wear behavior of iron matrix composite reinforced by ceramic particles10.3390/ma12223646 ↗
21. Interfacial characterization and erosive wear performance of zirconia toughened alumina ceramics particles reinforced high chromium white cast irons composites10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107262 ↗
22. A Comparative study of mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, residual stresses, and wear resistance of aluminum-alumina composites obtained by squeeze casting and powder metallurgy10.1007/s11661-021-06401-7 ↗
23. Recent developments in fabrication of ceramic particle reinforced iron matrix wear resistant surface composite using infiltration casting technology10.1179/1743281213Y.0000000175 ↗
24. Fabrication and wear behavior of ZTA particles reinforced iron matrix composite produced by flow mixing and pressure compositing10.1016/j.wear.2019.03.013 ↗
25. Particulate-reinforced iron-based metal matrix composites fabricated by selective laser melting: a systematic review10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.12.018 ↗
26. Manufacture of nano-sized particle-reinforced metal matrix Composites: a Review10.1007/s40195-014-0154-z ↗
27. ISO 23146 Advanced Technical Ceramics - Test methods for fracture toughness of monolithic ceramics - Single-edge V-notch beam (SEVNB) method, 2015.
28. ISO 12737 Metallic Materials - Determination of plane-strain fracture toughness, 2011.
29. ISO 26843 Metallic materials – Measurement of fracture toughness at impact loading rates using pre-cracked Charpy type test pieces, 2015.
30. Interface modification and impact abrasive wear behavior of ZTA particle-reinforced iron-matrix composite
31. Influence of abrasive characteristics on the wear micro-mechanisms of NbC and WC cermets during three-body abrasion
32. Cryogenic treatment of martensitic steels: microstructural fundamentals and implications for mechanical properties and wear and corrosion performance10.3390/ma17030548 ↗
33. The effect of sub-zero treatment on microstructure, fracture toughness, and wear resistance of Vanadis 6 tool steel10.1016/j.msea.2015.11.078 ↗
34. Three-body abrasive wear behavior of cementite with different chromium concentrations10.1007/s11249-015-0632-0 ↗
35. Relationship between fracture toughness and microstructure of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo alloy reinforced with TiB particles10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01163-0 ↗
36. Tribological characterization of Al6061/alumina/graphite/redmud hybrid composite for brake rotor application10.1080/02726351.2017.1367747 ↗
37. The relationship between the abrasive wear resistance, hardness and microstructure of ferritic materials10.1016/0043-1648(74)90101-X ↗
38. Influence of SiC ceramic reinforcement size in establishing wear mechanisms and wear maps of ultrafine grained AA6063 composites10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.06.274 ↗
39. Dry sliding wear behavior of sinter forged micrometric and nanometric yttrium oxide reinforced AA-7075 matrix composites10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100067 ↗
40. Dependence of wear behavior on sintering mechanism for iron-alumina metal matrix nanocomposites10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.08.079 ↗
41. Behaviors of ZTA (zirconia toughened alumina) reinforced iron composites under impact abrasive wear conditions