Evaluation of the softening mechanisms of AISI 4340 structural steel using hot torsion test
Source abstract
Abstract
We performed double hot torsion deformation tests on structural steel SAE 4340. The test temperature and strain rate were kept constant at 1050 °C and 0.2 s-1, respectively; while the applied strain (0.2 and 0.4) and the time between passes (1 s, 5 s and 40 s) were varied. The samples were heated to a temperature of 1200 °C, and maintained at this temperature for 180 s (soaking) for complete homogenization. This was followed by cooling at a mean rate of 1 °C/s until the temperature of deformation was reached. Evaluation of the softening characteristics of the static and metadynamic material was made from plastic flow curves. There were similar softening characteristics for both values of tested strains, with the softened fraction increasing with time between passes, and with increasing strain. It was observed that there was refinement in the grains of the material subjected to a deformation of 0.4.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metallurgy and Material Forming · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. The Effects of –Tempering and Test Temperature on the Dynamic Fracture Initiation Behavior of an AISI 4340 VAR Steel10.1016/0921-5093(89)90850-2 ↗
2. Recrystalization/precipitation behaviour in microalloyed steels10.1016/0924-0136(96)02392-8 ↗
3. Hot rolling simulations of austenitic stainless steel10.1023/A:1017949812425 ↗
4. In-situ observations and modeling of static recrystallization in 300M steel10.1016/j.msea.2019.138300 ↗
5. Determination of critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a microalloyed steel10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.086 ↗
6. Formation of the Structural State of a High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel upon Hot Rolling and Controlled Cooling10.1134/S0031918X19120160 ↗
7. Recrystallization of Medium-Carbon Steel under Nonequilibrium Conditions of Short-Term Heating to a Temperature above Ac110.1134/S0031918X14090130 ↗
8. Investigation on metadynamic recrystallization behavior in SA508-III steel during hot deformation10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.07.008 ↗
9. In-situ observations and modeling of metadynamic recrystallization in 300M Steel10.1016/j.matchar.2019.109997 ↗
10. The metadynamic recrystallization in the two-stage isothermal compression of 300M steel10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.116 ↗
11. Study of microstructural evolution during metadynamic recrystallization in a low-alloy steel10.1016/j.msea.2008.10.003 ↗
12. Metadynamic recrystallization behavior and workabilitycharacteristics of HR3C austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel with processing map10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.04.026 ↗
13. Study of metadynamic recrystallization behaviors in a low alloy steel10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.05.047 ↗
14. Recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoV ultra-super-critical rotor steel during hot deformation. Part Ш: Metadynamic recrystallization10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.061 ↗
15. Strain induced grain boundary migration effects on grain growth of an austenitic stainless steel during static and metadynamic recrystallization10.1016/j.matchar.2015.07.003 ↗
16. Constitutive analysis and dynamic recrystallization behavior of as-cast 40CrNiMo alloy steel during isothermal compression10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.025 ↗
17. Optimization of the hot forging parameters for 4340 steel by processing maps10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.05.018 ↗
18. Microstructure and properties of thermomechanically treated and bake hardened AISI 4340 steel10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.514 ↗
19. Static Recrystallization and Precipitation Behavior of a Weathering Steel Microalloyed with Vanadium10.1016/j.jmst.2013.10.030 ↗
20. Assessing the recovery and recrystallization kinetics of cold rolled microalloyed steel through coercive field measurements10.1016/j.msea.2017.03.033 ↗
21. Recrystallization Behavior of Deformed Austenite in High Strength Microalloyed Pipeline Steel10.1016/S1006-706X(09)60014-5 ↗
22. Effect of molybdenum, niobium and vanadium on static recovery and recrystalization on solute strengthening in microalloyed steels10.1007/BF02662364 ↗
23. Hot rolling simulations of austenitic stainless steel10.1023/A:1017949812425 ↗
24. Microstructural characteristics of post-shear localization in cold-rolled 316L stainless steel10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.001 ↗
25. Changes in the Grain Structure of Metallic Materials upon Plastic Treatment10.1134/S0031918X0910010X ↗
26. Static Recrystallization Behavior of Z12CN13 Martensite Stainless Steel10.1007/s11665-017-2847-8 ↗
27. Hardening and softening mechanisms in a nano-lamellar austenitic steel induced by electropulsing treatment10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.011 ↗
28. Microstructural Changes During Static Recrystallization of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304L: Cellular Automata Simulation10.1007/s13632-020-00623-8 ↗
29. Analysis of mechanical behavior of a structural steel through torsion tests
30. State-of-the-art research in machinability of hardened steels10.1177/0954405412464589 ↗
31. Mechanical properties and micro-structural feature of AISI 4340 high- strength alloy steel under quenched and tempered conditions10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00351-3 ↗
32. Analysis of Quenching Parameters in AISI 4340 Steel by Using Design of Experiments
33. Determination of recrystallization stop temperature from rolling mill logs and comparison with laboratory simulation results10.2355/isijinternational.34.917 ↗
34. Effect of Molybdenum, Niobium, and Vanadium on Static Recovery and Recrystallization and on Solute Strengthening in Microalloyed Steels10.1007/BF02662364 ↗
35. Softening and Microstructural Change Following the Dynamic Recrystallization of Austenite10.1007/BF02647984 ↗
36. Evaluation of static softening during hot and warm deformation of a silicon steel
37. American Society of Materials and Testing · 2013 · 1
38. Steel-rolling technology – theory and practice
39. Mathematical modeling of hot strip rolling of microalloyed Nb, multiply-alloyed Cr-Mo, and plain C-Mn steels10.1007/s11661-000-0287-8 ↗
40. Constitutive Relations for Determining the Critical Conditions for Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior10.1134/S0031918X16040037 ↗
41. Mathematical Modelling of Mean Flow Stress during the Hor Strip Rolling of Multiply-alloyed Medium Carbon Steels10.2355/isijinternational.38.187 ↗
42. Mathematical Modeling of Mean Flow Stress during the Hot Strip Rolling of Nb Steels10.2355/isijinternational.36.1507 ↗
43. Dynamic recrystallization behavior and hot deformation characteristics in 4340 steel10.1007/s11015-012-9577-9 ↗
44. Constitutive Model and Micro Hardening and Softening Mechanism for Nonoriented Electrical Steel10.1134/S0031918X18080082 ↗
45. A one-parameter approach to determining the critical conditions for the initiation of dynamic recrystallization10.1016/1359-6454(95)00146-7 ↗
46. Determination of critical strain for initiation of dynamic recrystallization
47. Modeling the initiation of dynamic recrystallization using a dynamic recovery model10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.07.014 ↗
48. Initiating Nucleation of Dynamic Recrystallization, Primarily in Polycrystals. Materials10.1016/0921-5093(88)90061-5 ↗
49. Predicting the Critical Stress for Initiation of Dynamic Recrystallization10.2355/isijinternational.46.1679 ↗
50. Initiation of Dynamic Recrystallization in Constant Strain Rate Hot Deformation10.2355/isijinternational.43.684 ↗
51. Prediction of the critical conditions for initiation of dynamic recrystallization
52. Hot deformation behavior, dynamic recrystallization, and physically-based constitutive modeling of plain carbon steels10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.104 ↗
53. Hot deformation behavior of a medium carbon microalloyed steel10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.098 ↗
54. Correcting for the effects of static and metadynamic recrystallization during the laboratory simulation of rod rolling10.2355/isijinternational.34.607 ↗
55. Comparison between static and metadynamic recrystallization – an application to the hot rolling of steels10.2355/isijinternational.37.1000 ↗
56. Softening and Flow Stress Behaviour during Hot Rolling Simulation of Nb Microalloyed Steels10.2355/isijinternational.35.1523 ↗
57. A Mathematical Model to Predict the Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled C-Mn and Microalloyed Steels10.2355/isijinternational.32.1329 ↗