journal article·2020-05-26

Ionogel Microphones Detect Underwater Sound with Directivity and Exceptional Stability

Meixiang Wang, Lei Yang, Josiah Adamson, Shichao Li, Yifan Huang, Xuejing Shen, Yongmei Chen, Qin Zhou, Li Tan

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Abstract

Engineering the electric double layer (EDL) next to the electrode surface as an impedance-dominating location inside an ionogel provides us an opportunity to detect sound underwater, especially sound from different directions. In response to these vector stimuli, subtle changes in the interface/EDL were easily captured by high-frequency alternating current (AC) modulations. In contrast to capacitive mechanisms under direct current (DC) operations, this AC mode generates an electric field at the interface which is orders of magnitude weaker than its DC counterpart. This removes any electrochemical reaction in the electrolytic environment, resulting in an exceptional signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over 3000 min of continuous operations. Moreover, this ionogel-based microphone is found to be responsive to the whole range of low-frequency sounds, producing 60 dB (1000 times) stronger signals than the commercial hydrophone. Another unique feature of this microphone is its directivity even when the wavelength of the incoming sound far exceeds the size of the device, filling a property gap that affects the latest piezoelectric ceramic-based sound navigation ranging (SONARs).
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Tactile and Sensory Interactions · Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China

Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States

State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China

College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China

State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China

Funding

China Association for Science and Technology · Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China · University of Nebraska-Lincoln · China Scholarship Council · National Natural Science Foundation of China · National Science Foundation · Xi'an Weiyang District Science and Technology Fund · J.A. Woollam Foundation · Nebraska Center for Energy Science Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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